用HPLC-ELSD法同时测定不同产地知母饮片中芒果苷、新芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ的含量

目的:建立测定知母药材中芒果苷、新芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ含量的HPLC-ELSD方法。方法:色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈(A相)-水(用冰醋酸调节至pH3.3)(B相);梯度洗脱:0~15 min,5%~22%A相;15~24 min,22%~23%A相;24~45 min,23%~50%A相。检测波长:254 nm;流速:1.0 ml/min;柱温:25℃;进样量20μl。ELSD条件为:漂移管温度40℃,载气(空气)压力350 kPa,增益值7,气体流量9 L/min。结果:芒果苷、新芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ分别在81.1~486.6μg/ml(r=0.999 8)、81.6~489.6μg/ml(r=0.999 9)和192.2~1 153.0μg/ml(r=0.999 7)范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.75%、101.83%和99.14%;RSD分别为2.03%、2.87%和1.77%。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,适用于知母药材饮片的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定儿感退热宁口服液中连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、去芹糖桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷D3、青蒿乙素和青蒿酸

目的建立HPLC法同时测定儿感退热宁口服液中连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、去芹糖桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷D_3、青蒿乙素和青蒿酸。方法 Agilent TC-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈–0.2%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长:275 nm(0～21.0 min检测连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷)和210 nm(21.0～55.0 min检测去芹糖桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷D_3、青蒿乙素、青蒿酸);柱温25℃;体积流量0.9 mL/min;进样量:10μL。结果连翘酯苷B、连翘酯苷A、连翘苷、去芹糖桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷E、桔梗皂苷D_3、青蒿乙素和青蒿酸分别在3.47～69.40μg/mL(r=0.999 5)、18.78～375.60μg/mL(r=0.999 2)、6.64～132.80μg/mL (r=0.999 7)、2.57～51.40μg/mL (r=0.999 5)、4.86～97.20μg/mL(r=0.999 3)、4.23～84.60μg/mL(r=0.999 8)、0.79～15.80μg/mL(r=0.999 1)、2.16～43.20μg/mL(r=0.999 9)线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为98.76%、100.12%、99.34%、97.57%、98.29%、99.25%、96.87%、98.02%,RSD值分别为1.53%、0.89%、0.91%、1.38%、1.02%、0.83%、1.26%、1.15%。结论所建立的方法结果准确,可用于儿感退热宁口服液中多成分的质量控制研究。     

快速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定稳心颗粒中皂苷类成分

目的:建立快速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱法,用以测定稳心颗粒中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1的含量。方法:利用乙醚脱脂,水饱和正丁醇提取制剂中皂苷;采用Agilent Eclipse Pluse C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,81%B;10~17 min,81%B→45%B;17~18 min,45%B→81%B;18~25 min,81%B),流速0.3 m L·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长203 nm。与普通提取方法比较,提取时间由14 h缩短到25 min,大幅度提高样品处理效率。结果:三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1进样量分别在0.084~0.84μg(r=0.999 9)、0.201 6~2.016μg(r=0.999 8)、0.208 4~2.084μg(r=0.999 9)范围内呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.4%(RSD=1.1%)、98.2%(RSD=0.47%)、97.9%(RSD=1.3%)。样品中总皂苷含量为2.65 mg·g-1,与中国药典方法测定结果(2.63 mg·g-1)基本一致。采用快速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱法,测定时间比普通的高效液相色谱法缩短了约40 min。结论:该方法经方法学验证,适用于稳心颗粒中皂苷类成分的快速测定。     

HPLC法测定知母中知母皂苷BⅢ的含量

目的:建立 HPLC 法测定知母药材中知母皂苷 BⅢ含量。方法:采用 Agilent C_(18)柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(26:74),检测波长为210 nm,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温为33℃。结果:知母皂苷 BⅢ在18.4～172.5μg·mL~(-1)内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为100.4%(n=6)。结论:本法可用于知母皂苷 BⅢ的定量分析。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定周络通胶囊中知母皂苷BⅡ

目的建立HPLC-ELSD法测定周络通胶囊中知母皂苷BⅡ的方法。方法采用ESAquaSepC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(24:76)为流动相,体积流量1.0mL/min;柱温30℃;ELSD检测器,漂移管温度为75℃,加热级别为66%,载气压力为172.4kPa。结果知母皂苷BII在0.62～7.79μg呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.75%,RSD1.77%。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠,为周络通胶囊的质量控制提供了依据。     

HPLC-CAD法测定盐制前后知母中知母皂苷BⅡ和菝葜皂苷元

目的 利用HPLC-电雾式检测器（charged aerosol detector,CAD）联用技术建立知母中知母皂苷BⅡ和菝葜皂苷元的测定方法,并比较知母盐制前后两种成分的变化。方法 知母皂苷BⅡ以乙腈-水（25：75）为流动相,进样量为10 μL;菝葜皂苷元以甲醇-水（95：5）为流动相,进样量为20 μL;其他色谱条件均采用Thermo C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,体积流量为1 mL/min,柱温为30℃;Corona参数：氮气压力为241.3 kPa,Filter：High,Range：200 pA。结果 知母皂苷BⅡ在0.305～4.880 μg线性关系良好,r=0.999 4,平均回收率为99.1%,RSD值为1.2%;菝葜皂苷元在0.490～7.840 μg线性关系良好,r=0.999 1,平均回收率为98.0%,RSD值为1.3%。知母中知母皂苷BⅡ为3.16%～5.92%,盐制后为4.15%～7.20%;知母中菝葜皂苷元为0.42%～1.39%,盐制后为0.52%～1.54%。结论 CAD检测器具有较为平稳的基线和较高的灵敏度,更加适用于知母皂苷类及含有较弱或无紫外吸收成分的测定,知母盐制后知母皂苷BⅡ和菝葜皂苷元的量均有所升高。     

HPLC法测定三七药材中3种皂苷的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法同时测定三七中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1的含量.方法采用luna C18(2)分析柱;以(A)乙腈-(B)0.05%磷酸二元线性梯度洗脱:0～8 min(20%A∶80%B),8～20 min(20%A～40%A)∶(80%B～60%B),20～30 min(40%A～20%A)∶(60%B～80%B),检测波长203 nm.结果测得三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1的回收率分别是(97.7±1.6)%、(98.6±1.1)%、(99.2±0.8)%.线性范围分别是:三七皂苷R112～150 μg·mL-1(r=0.9990)、人参皂苷Rg140～500 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 4)、人参皂苷Rb144～550 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 7).结论采用高效液相色谱梯度洗脱法能将多种皂苷很好地分离检测,方法准确可靠,重复性好,结果稳定.     

不同产地知母药材的含量测定及指纹图谱研究

目的收集不同产地的知母药材,测定其芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ的含量,建立知母药材的HPLC-UV-ELSD指纹图谱测定方法。方法采用HPLC-UV-ELSD法测定3个不同产地的15批知母药材。色谱条件:Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)。乙腈(A)-1 mL·L~(-1)乙酸(B)梯度洗脱,梯度为:0～5 min,2%A→5%A;5～12 min,5%A→20%A;12～18 min,20%A→25%A;18～23 min,25%A;23～40 min,25%A→100%A;40～45 min,100%A。柱温:30℃;流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1);波长:258 nm。ELSD参数:漂移管温度:105℃;氮气流速:2.6 L·min~(-1)。结果 15批知母药材中芒果苷的含量为0.803%～1.687%,知母皂苷BⅡ的含量为3.253%～7.332%。建立了知母药材的指纹图谱,包含11个共有峰,通过对照品指认了芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ2个峰,对15批知母药材指纹图谱的相似度进行评价,其相似度均大于0.9。结论该方法操作简便、快捷,可用于知母药材的质量研究。     

二仙汤中知母黄酮及皂苷含量测定

目的:以高效液相色谱法测定二仙汤中知母黄酮含量及以比色法测定知母皂苷含量。方法:HPLC法测定采用C18-ODS反相色谱柱,流动相:乙腈-25mmoL/LKH2PO(4pH=3.0)=1:9,检测波长:317nm,流速:0.8mL/min。比色法测定采用紫外可见分光光度计,检测波长:590nm。结果:知母新芒果苷、芒果苷分别在1.0μg/mL～100.0μg/mL及50.0μg/mL～1000.0μg/mL的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9992,r=0.9997),回收率分别为97.656%、99.008%(RSD=1.54%,RSD=1.28%);知母总皂苷在8.0μg/mL～40.0μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),回收率为100.84%(RSD=1.29%)。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于二仙汤的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器法测定黄连清胃丸中栀子苷、知母皂苷AⅢ和知母皂苷BⅡ的含量

目的：应用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器（HPLC—ELSD）法测定黄连清胃丸中栀子苷、知母皂苷AⅢ和知母皂苷BⅡ的含量。方法：采用C18色谱柱（4．6mmX250mm,5μm）;流速为0．9ml／min;乙腈-水（30：70）为流动相;ELSD漂移管温度为90℃;载气（M）流速为2．9SLPM／min。结果：栀子苷、知母皂苷AⅢ和知母皂苷BⅡ进样量分别在0．0618—1．2360μg（r=0．9992）、0．0476～0．9520μg（r=0．9997）和0．1842～3．6840μg（r=0．9993）时进样量的自然对数值与峰面积的自然对数值呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为97．67％、98．18％和98．36％,RSD分别为1．09％、1．01％和0．98％（n=6）。结论：本方法测定结果准确、灵敏、重复性好。     

知母皂甙E1和E2

应用硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等分离手段,从中药知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)分离得到2种新的呋甾皂甙,经光谱(IR,ESI MS,¹HNMR,¹³HNMR)分析和化学反应,鉴定其结构分别是:(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-5-β-呋甾-3β,15α,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(1),(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-5β-呋甾-3β,15α,26-三醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(2)。(1)是新化合物,命名为知母皂甙E1;(2)是(1)的甲醚化人工产物,命名为知母皂甙E2。对知母皂甙-I(A)的结构分析作了简单说明。     

知母皂苷A-Ⅲ、知母皂苷C对照品的制备与鉴定

目的:研究知母中知母皂苷A-Ⅲ、知母皂苷C对照品的制备方法,并对其进行鉴定。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20色谱、反相ODS色谱分离制备对照品,采用红外、质谱、核磁等波谱方法进行结构鉴定。结果:从知母中分离得到知母皂苷A-Ⅲ与知母皂苷C对照品,纯度均>98%。结论:本试验结果可为知母皂苷的新药开发提供物质基础。     

知母化学成分的研究

从知母根茎乙醇提取物中分离得到20个化合物，采用光谱法和化学方法鉴定其中15个化合物的结构；分别为二十九烷醇（Ⅰ）、二十八烷酸混合物（Ⅱ）、β-谷甾醇（Ⅲ）、胡萝卜甙（Ⅳ）、菝葜皂甙元（Ⅴ）、马尔可皂甙元（Ⅵ）、知母皂甙AⅢ（Ⅶ）、知母皂甙BⅠ（Ⅷ）、知母皂甙BⅢ（Ⅸ）、2，6，4＇-三羟基-4-甲氧基苯酰酮（Ⅹ）、宝藿甙Ⅰ（Ⅺ）、淫羊藿甙-Ⅰ（Ⅻ）、芒果甙（ⅩⅢ）、7-O-萄葡糖基芒果甙（ⅩⅣ）、知母双糖（ⅩⅤ）．其中化合物Ⅷ为新的天然产物，化合物Ⅰ，Ⅺ，Ⅻ，ⅩⅣ为首次从知母中分得的已知化合物．     

知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维膜制备及体外抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

目的探索知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维膜的制备方法,为后续进行体内相关研究打好基础.方法：将知母皂苷B-Ⅱ与聚乳酸（PLLA）按照不同比例制成知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维膜;分别采用扫描电镜、红外光谱分析、LC-MS/MS 检测方法对纤维膜理化性质表征、生物相容性、缓释性能等进行测试;采用CCK-8法检测载药纳米膜缓释药物抑制胃癌细胞的增殖情况.结果：12%的知母皂苷B-Ⅱ浓度为最佳载药浓度;在制备载知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维的过程中,静电纺丝技术能保持两种组分各自的化学特征及物理性质;知母皂苷B-Ⅱ对纤维膜的热稳定性影响不大,两者相容性较好;知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维膜可有效释放知母皂苷B-Ⅱ,明显抑制BGC-823细胞的增殖活性,在48 h、72 h 与对照组细胞相比较,差异具有统计学意义（P 〈0.05）.结论：知母皂苷B-Ⅱ纳米纤维膜通过缓释药物可有效抑制BGC-823细胞的增殖能力.     

Timosaponin AIII, a saponin isolated from Anemarrhenaasphodeloides, ameliorates learning and memory deficits in mice

Anemarrhenaasphodeloides Bunge (AA, family Liliaceae), which primarily contains xantones, such as mangiferin, and steroidal saponins, such as timosaponin AIII and sarsasapogenin, has been used as an anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-depressant agent in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the memory-enhancing effects of these saponins were investigated in scopolamine-treated mice. Among saponins, timosaponin AIII (TA3) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced deficits in a passive avoidance test and in the Morris water maze test. TA3 also increased hippocampal acetylcholine levels in scopolamine-treated mice and dose-dependently inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (IC₅₀ value, 35.4 μM). When TA3 (50 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice and its blood concentration was measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, the C_max of TA3 occurred 4-6 h after TA3 treatment. The memory-enhancing effect of TA3 was greater when it was administered 5 h before the acquisition trial than 1 h before. Scopolamine treatment in mice increased brain levels of TNF-α and IL-1β expression. However, treatment with TA3 and scopolamine inhibited the increase of TNF-α and IL-1β expression. These results suggest that scopolamine may cause learning and memory deficits that are further complicated by inflammation. TA3 also inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling in BV-2 microglia and in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells induced with TNF-α or scopolamine. Nevertheless, TA3 may ameliorate memory deficits, mainly by inhibiting AChE.     

Induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by timosaponin A-III

Timosaponin A-III (TSA-III), a saponin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, exhibits potent cytotoxicity and has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of TSA-III has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the apoptotic effects of TSA-III were investigated in HepG2 cells. Treatment with TSA-III significantly inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This induction was associated with increased fluorescence intensity of Annexin V-FITC, activation of caspases, and altered expression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family members. In addition, TSA-III mediated mitochondrial dysfunction with the release of HtrA2/Omi, Smac/Diablo, and cytochrome c. These findings suggest that TSA-III induces mitochondria-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells by altering expression of the IAP family. Thus, TSA-III could possibly be used to treat other types of cancer with similar pathologic mechanisms.     

知母皂苷A Ⅲ对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究知母皂苷AⅢ对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:体外培养HUVECs,分别以浓度为0、1、2、4、8μmol/L的知母皂苷AⅢ作用24、48、72 h,通过MTT比色法检测细胞生长程度;倒置显微镜观察细胞形态。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果:8μmol/L知母皂苷AⅢ作用24、48、72 h可明显抑制HUVECs增殖,IC50分别为7.2、4.0、2.0μmol/L;随着知母皂苷AⅢ作用时间的延长和浓度的增加,HUVECs数目逐渐减少,细胞开始出现空泡、固缩现象;8μmol/L知母皂苷AⅢ作用于HUVECs,细胞凋亡率为(4.03±0.41)%。结论:知母皂苷AⅢ可明显抑制HUVECs的生长,并诱导部分细胞发生凋亡。     

Inhibitory effects of compounds from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma on α-glucosidase and aldose reductase and its contents by drying conditions

An aqueous extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) showed inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and aldose reductase (AR). We obtained two active compounds, mangiferin (α-glucosidase: IC₅₀ = 96.1 μg/ml, AR:IC₅₀ = 0.13 μg/ml) and mangiferin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (α-glucosidase: IC₅₀ = 158 μg/ml, AR:IC₅₀ = 65.7 μg/ml ), from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. In addition, the amount of mangiferin in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma changed with the method of preparation (drying conditions), namely, low-temperature, long-term drying conditions and harvesting in August were most effective.     

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of timosaponin B-II in blood plasma and a study of the pharmacokinetics of saponin in the rat

A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Timosaponin B-II (TB-II), a pharmacologically active constituent isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. This method was used to examine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of TB-II in rats using ginsenoside Re as an internal standard. After simple protein precipitation of the plasma samples with acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on an ODS column (150 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (35:65, v/v) containing 0.05% formic acid and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with a chromatographic run time of 3.0 min. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5–15,000 ng/ml and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5 ng/ml in rat plasma. In this range, relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) were <7.4% for intra-day precision and <9.0% for inter-day precision. The accuracy was within the range of 97.7–107.3%. The method was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of TB-II after intravenous and oral administration in rats, with the oral bioavailability being only 1.1%.