灵芝多糖肽对自由基所致的腹腔巨噬细胞早期损伤的影响

目的　以膜电位方法进一步研究灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)对自由基损伤的巨噬细胞线粒体的影响。方法　以叔丁基氢过氧化物(tBOOH)为氧化剂,建立小鼠巨噬细胞体外氧化损伤模型,以罗丹明1 2 3(Rh1 2 3 )为荧光染色剂,以激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞线粒体膜电位改变。结果　tBOOH氧化剂可损伤线粒体膜,使线粒体膜电位降低,GLPP体内( 1 0 0mg·kg- 1 ig 5d)及体外给药(GLPP 1 0mg·L- 1)均可对抗tBOOH自由基损伤,可使因自由基损伤而降低的巨噬细胞线粒体膜电位恢复。结论　GLPP体内体外给药可减轻自由基损伤,使损伤的线粒体膜电位恢复     

灵芝多糖肽对小鼠巨噬细胞自由基的清除作用

目的 :研究灵芝多糖肽对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基的清除作用。方法 :用四氧嘧啶、叔丁基氢过氧化物 (tBOOH)为氧化剂 ,分别在小鼠体内、体外损伤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,以DCHF DA为荧光指示剂 ,用共聚焦显微镜观察巨噬细胞的荧光变化 ,并用共聚焦显微镜作时间系列扫描 ,观察巨噬细胞荧光的动态变化。结果 :四氧嘧啶 (75mg·kg-1,iv)、叔丁基氢过氧化物 (7.76× 10 -5mol·L-1)可造成巨噬细胞的氧化损伤 ,使荧光密度增加 ,灵芝多糖肽可减轻其损伤 ,使荧光密度减少。时间系列扫描显示 :随时间改变 ,灵芝多糖肽可减少静息状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞荧光密度 ,也可减少由PMA(5 0nmol·L-1)诱导的呼吸爆发状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞荧光密度。结论 :灵芝多糖肽具有抗氧化作用 ,对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基有清除作用     

灵芝多糖肽对ECV304细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的研究灵芝多糖肽对ECV304氧化损伤的保护作用。方法培养ECV304细胞,以叔丁基氢过氧化物(tBOOH)为氧化剂损伤细胞,造成氧化损伤模型,培养液中加入不同浓度灵芝多糖(12.5、25、50、100mg.L-1),以MTT法测细胞存活率;以光镜、电镜检测细胞形态学改变及线粒体损伤;用AnnexinV/PI双标记细胞,流式细胞检测细胞凋亡的百分率。结果灵芝多糖(12.5、25、50、100mg.L-1)可减少叔丁基氢过氧化物对ECV304的氧化损伤,MTT检测灵芝多糖给药组,ECV304细胞存活率增加。光镜下可见细胞损伤减少,电镜可见灵芝多糖(50mg.L-1,温育24h)减轻细胞器如线粒体氧化损伤,减少细胞凋亡。细胞流式检测表明:对照组、给药组、损伤组总凋亡百分率分别2.24%±0.43%、24%±6.4%(P<0.01)、82.1%±7.9%。结论灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)对ECV304细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

灵芝多糖肽对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮产生的影响

目的　研究灵芝多糖肽 (GLPP)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮产生的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法　以Griess法 ,观察GLPP对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)产生的影响 ;以免疫组化法检测诱导型一氧化氮合成酶 (iNOS)的表达 ,观察GLPP对iNOS的影响。结果　GLPP(2 5～ 2 0 0mg·kg-1)灌胃给药 5d或体外给药 (3 12 5～ 2 0 0mg·L-1)均可促进巨噬细胞NO释放 ,但对LPS刺激NO的释放影响不大 ;GLPP(10 0mg·kg-1)灌胃给药 5d或体外给药 (10mg·L-1)均可使巨噬细胞iNOS含量增加。结论　GLPP可增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO产生 ,其机制可能与其促进巨噬细胞iNOS合成有关。     

芪术口服液对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓造血功能损伤的保护作用

目的:观察芪术口服液对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓造血功能损伤的保护作用.方法:对小鼠腹腔注射100 mg/kg环磷酰胺后,观察芪术口服液对小鼠外周血象、骨髓有核细胞和胸腺、脾脏指数的影响.结果:芪术口服液能升高受损小鼠白细胞、红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白和骨髓有核细胞数量,并能使小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数升高.结论:芪术口服液对环磷酰胺引起的小鼠骨髓造血功能损伤有一定的保护作用.     

薄芝糖肽注射液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基损伤作用的研究

目的 探讨薄芝糖肽对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基损伤的作用.方法 用过氧化氢(H2O2)作为氧化剂建立小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基损伤模型;用MTT比色法测定不同药物浓度下的细胞代谢率.结果 实验组不同浓度薄芝糖肽注射液各组的OD值均高于对照组,且OD值随浓度升高逐渐增加.结论 薄芝糖肽对自由基所致小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞损伤有一定的保护作用,且其作用与浓度有一定相关性.     

灵芝多糖肽对培养乳大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

目的研究灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)对培养乳大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤的保护作用。方法用出生1~3 d的SD乳大鼠进行心肌细胞原代培养,取培养3~4 d的心肌细胞分为正常对照组、H/R组和GLPP给药组(12.5,25,50和100 mg·L-1)。MTT法检测细胞存活率;电镜检测细胞形态改变和线粒体损伤;用AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双标记细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡百分率;以Fluo-3/AM荧光指示剂负载,用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察心肌细胞内钙离子荧光强度变化;以活性氧(ROS)敏感的荧光探针2,7-二氢二氯荧光素(DCFH-DA)标记细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察ROS含量变化。结果与正常对照组比较,H/R组细胞存活率降低(P<0.05);GLPP 12.5,25,50和100 mg·L-1组细胞存活率与H/R组比较明显增加(P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较,H/R组可见线粒体损伤,GLPP给药组可以减轻线粒体损伤。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,与正常对照组比较,H/R组细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.01);GLPP组与H/R组比较细胞凋亡率明显减小(P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较,H/R组[Ca2+]i增加,细胞内ROS含量增高(P<0.01);与H/R组比较,GLPP给药组细胞[Ca2+]i减少,细胞内ROS含量降低(P<0.01)。结论GLPP对H/R损伤的乳大鼠心肌细胞具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与减少细胞内自由基含量和减轻细胞内钙超负荷有关。     

尼莫地平对亚急性一氧化碳中毒致小鼠脑损伤保护作用(英文)

目的:观察尼莫地平对亚急性一氧化碳中毒(CO)致迟发性脑损伤保护作用。方法:小鼠腹腔注射CO100mL/kg,每天1次,连续7天。停止给予CO后,测定CO中毒小鼠死亡率,被动回避性学习记忆能力,进行脑组织病理学检查和测定单胺氧化酶-B活性。尼莫地平(1mg/kg)在每次给予CO前30分钟腹腔注射。结果:尼莫地平预先给予能显著降低CO中毒小鼠死亡率,基本逆转小鼠CO中毒引起的学习记忆能力的损害;能防止海马神经元细胞延迟性死亡;并能阻遏CO中毒引起的单胺氧化酶-B活性的升高。结论:尼莫地平对亚急性一氧化碳中毒致迟发性脑损伤有明显的保护作用     

灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液免疫功能、细胞免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠腹腔注射80mg/kg环磷酰胺诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液连续供应30d,每天1次。测定小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能、外周血白细胞数目、NK细胞活性、白介素-1(IL-1)活性、白介素-2(IL-2)活性、TNF-α活性、半数血清溶血素、抗体生成细胞、T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力、迟发型变态反应。结果:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液各剂量组(低剂量组:灵芝多糖2.5mg/kg+硒5μg/kg;中剂量组:灵芝多糖5mg/kg+硒10μg/kg;高剂量组:灵芝多糖15mg/kg+硒30μg/kg)均可提高外周血白细胞数目、提高半数溶血素值,低剂量组增强IL-1活性,中剂量组增强IL-2活性,高剂量组和中剂量组增强T、B淋巴细胞的增殖能力、NK细胞活性、TNF-α活性,高剂量组增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、碳粒廓清值、提高抗体生成细胞、增强迟发型变态反应。结论:灵芝多糖/硒化卡拉胶口服液对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能具有改善作用。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对受损臂丛神经元保护作用的研究

目的 探索N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对受损臂从神经元的保护作用.方法 24只成年雌性SD人鼠分为正常对照组(颁7神经根切断后1周)、未用药组(颈7腹根切断后未用药)、低剂量组(颈7腹根切断后予腹腔注射NAC一日150mg/kg)和高剂量组(颈7腹根切断后予腹腔注射NAC一日750 mg/kg)4组,每组各6只,观察NAC对受损运动神经元的影响.结果 未用药组运动神经元存活率为75%,低剂量组和高剂量组运动神经元存活率分别为83.5%和91%.与未用药组相比,高剂量组运动神经元存活率高,差异具有统计学意义的显著性(P<0.05).结论 NAC对臂从神经根性损伤引起的神经元死亡具有一定保护作用,可为临床臂丛损伤治疗提供依据.     

灵芝多糖肽对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的研究灵芝多糖肽对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HU-VECs)氧化损伤的保护作用。方法原代培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,CD31免疫荧光法鉴定细胞。以叔丁基氢过氧化物(tBOOH)为氧化剂损伤细胞,造成氧化损伤模型,培养液中加入不同浓度灵芝多糖(6.125、12.5、25、50、100mg·mL-1),以CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;Hoechst333258检测细胞氧化损伤引起的凋亡;比色法检测Caspase-3活性变化;电镜检测细胞及细胞器形态学改变。结果灵芝多糖(6.125、12.5、25、50、100mg·mL-1)可减轻叔丁基氢过氧化物对HUVECs的氧化损伤,CCK-8检测灵芝多糖给药组,HUVEC细胞存活率增加。Hoechst33258检测给药组细胞凋亡数量较损伤组减少。比色法检测损伤组Caspase-3活性明显增高,给药组较损伤组减少。电镜可见灵芝多糖给药组减轻细胞器的氧化损伤,减少细胞凋亡。结论灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

Antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide

AIM: To investigate the antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide (GLPP). METHODS: Antitumor effect of GLPP was observed in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. At the same time,the effects of GLPP on proliferation of tumor cells and human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) were detected by MTr assay in vitro. Subsequently, spleen lymphocytes proliferation of nude mice was stimulated by LPS or ConA. To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of GLPP, GLPP 80 μg per disc and GLPP-treated serum 10μL per disc were added to the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) respectively in vivo. RESULTS: GLPP 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg inhibited growth of Sarcoma 180 in BALB/c mice markedly by 35.2 %, 45.2 %, and 61.9 %,respectively. GLPP which was directly added to the cultured medium did not inhibit PG cell proliferation in vitro;but GLPP-treated serum 50, 100, 200 mg/kg potently inhibited PG cell proliferation by 22.5 %, 26.8 %, and 30.3 %,respectively; and reduced the xenograft (human lung carcinoma cell PG) in BALB/c nude mice greatly in vivo by 55.5 %, 46.0 %, and 46.8 %, respectively. Lymphocytes proliferation of nude mice could be stimulated by LPS 5 mg/L but not by ConA 2.5 mg/L, indicating that GLPP could not promote the T lymphocyte proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages of nude mice. The CAM assay showed that GLPP and GLPP-treated serum had anti-angiogenic effect. GLPP (1, 10, and 100 mg/L) inhibited HUVEC proliferation in vitro with the inhibitory rate of 9.4 %, 15.6 %, and 40.4 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: GLPP has antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. The anti-angiogenesis of GLPP may be a new mechanism underlying its anti-tumor effects.     

灵芝多糖肽的抗氧化作用

目的 研究灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)的抗氧化作用及其机制。 方法 Cu²⁺诱导人血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化及iv四氧嘧啶(75 mg·kg^-1)引发小鼠氧自由基损伤。结果GLPP使LDL氧化修饰减少,氧化产物REM降低。GLPP 50,100,200和400 mg·kg^-1 ip 20 d,使血清和心肌匀浆的丙二醛(MDA)水平下降, 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHpx)升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)减少,过氧化氢酶(CAT)不变。结论GLPP具有体内外抗氧化作用,其抗氧化作用与清除氧自由基或提高GSHpx水平有关。     

Regulation of macrophage function by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine in mouse-oxidative stress by endotoxin

Changes in several functions of peritoneal macrophages from mice with oxidative stress caused by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS) (100 mg/kg), and associated with a high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been observed in our previous studies. Antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are free radical scavengers that improve and modulate the immune response, especially in oxidative stress situations. Therefore, in the present work, we have studied the effects of the administration of NAC (150 mg/kg i.p.) on different functions of peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice suffering that oxidative stress, caused by LPS (100 mg/kg). NAC was injected 30 min after LPS injection, and the peritoneal macrophages were obtained at 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after endotoxin injection. The following functions, key stages of the phagocytic process, were studied: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of particles, and production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) release. The decrease in chemotaxis and the increase in adherence, ingestion, superoxide anion production, and TNFalpha release shown by macrophages from animals with oxidative stress were counteracted by NAC injection. These data suggest that NAC administration may be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress-linked endotoxic shock, modulating the function of macrophages, specifically in decreasing the production of ROS and of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha.     

白芍总甙对免疫应答的调节作用

白芍总甙(TGP)200mg/kg/d ig×8d对小鼠迟发型超敏反应(DH)有增强作用。TGP5mg/kg/d ip×8d(或5d)对正常小鼠DH的影响并不恒定,或呈增强或呈抑制或无明显作用;对环磷酰胺诱导的DH增强和抑制都有明显对抗作用,但对地塞米松诱导的小鼠DH抑制无明显的影响。TGP5mg/kg/d ip×4d不影响正常小鼠抗体的生成量,但能使环磷酰胺诱导免疫低下小鼠的抗体生成量恢复到正常对照水平。TGP40mg/kg/d ig×3d能促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。上述结果表明TGP对小鼠免疫应答具有调节作用。     

Toxicologic evaluation of injectable acemannan in the mouse, rat and dog.

Acemannan, the USAN-accepted name for long-chain polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose with interspersed 0-acetyl groups with a mannose monomer/acetyl ratio of approximately 1:1 and extracted from Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller), was administered as a 1.0 mg/ml solution to mice, rats and dogs, either as single dose or repeated at 4-d intervals for 8 doses by iv or ip routes. No significant signs of intoxication and no deaths occurred in animals treated with the single injection of acemannan at dosages of 80 mg/kg iv or 200 mg/kg ip in mice, 15 mg/kg iv or 50 mg/kg ip in rats, and 10 mg/kg iv or 50 mg/kg ip in dogs. On repeated injections systemic toxicity was limited to obvious transient discomfort that appeared dose related. There was accumulation of macrophages and monocytes without subsequent inflammatory reaction in lungs of the iv-treated animals, and in liver and spleen and on peritoneal surfaces of ip-treated animals. The effects were not considered adverse, but were consistent with the known immune stimulating activity of acemannan. A few deaths occurred in mice and rats that were suggestive of resulting from improper injection or sequella of necrosis of the injection site. The NOAELs for acemannan determined from these repeated injection studies were 20 mg/kg iv or ip in the mouse, 4.0 mg/kg iv and 50 mg/kg ip in the rat, and 1.0 mg/kg iv in dogs; 5.0 mg acemannan/kg ip in the dog was considered to be LOAEL, based on the emesis and abdominal discomfort induced.     

Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses induced by silica nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro

Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by silica nanoparticles were evaluated both in mice and in RAW264.7 cell line. Single treatment of silica nanoparticles (50 mg/kg, i.p.) led to the activation of peritoneal macrophages, the increased blood level of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the increased level of nitric oxide released from the peritoneal macrophages. mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 were also elevated in the cultured peritoneal macrophages harvested from the treated mice. When the viability of splenocytes from the mice treated with silica nanoparticles (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) was measured, the viability of splenocytes was significantly decreased in the higher dose-treated groups (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg i.p.). However, cell proliferation without cytotoxicity was shown in group treated with relatively low dose of 50 mg/kg i.p. When leukocyte subtypes of mouse spleen were evaluated using flow cytometry analysis, it was found that the distributions of NK cells and T cells were increased to 184.8% and 115.1% of control, respectively, while that of B cells was decreased to 87.7%. To elucidate the pro-inflammatory mechanism of silica nanoparticles in vivo, in vitro study using RAW 264.7 cell line which is derived from mouse peritoneal macrophage was done. Treatment of silica nanoparticles to the cultured RAW264.7 cells led to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with a decreased intracellular GSH. In accordance with ROS generation, silica nanoparticles increased the level of nitric oxide released from the cultured macrophage cell line. These results suggested that silica nanoparticles generate ROS and the generated ROS may trigger the pro-inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro.