海绵Aaptos sp.共附生真菌Aspergillus flavipes中aspochalasin类化合物及其生物活性

目的 对海绵Aaptos sp.共附生真菌Aspergillus flavipes中的aspochalasin类化合物结构及其生物活性进行研究。方法 利用硅胶柱层析、薄层色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、MPLC、HPLC等分离手段对菌株发酵提取物进行分离和纯化;运用NMR、MS等现代波谱学方法,并结合相关文献数据比对,鉴定化合物的结构;通过活性筛选评价化合物活性。结果 从真菌Aspergillus flavipes的次级代谢产物中获得了8个aspochalasin类化合物,分别为aspochalasin I (1)、aspochalasin D (2)、aspochalasin K (3)、aspergillin PZ (4)、trichalasin H (5)、aspochalasin H (6)、flavichalasine G (7)、aspochalasin E (8),其中化合物1表现出良好BEL-7402细胞毒活性,IC₅₀为1.88 μM。     

真菌Chaetomium sp.的次级代谢产物研究

目的 对海洋毛壳属真菌Chaetomium sp.的次级代谢产物进行研究。方法 运用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、HPLC等现代色谱方法对Chaetomium sp.的发酵产物进行分离纯化,利用现代波谱技术结合文献报道进行结构鉴定。结果 共分离得到4个十元环内酯化合物,botryolides A、botryolides B、botryolides D和decarestrictine I,1个倍半萜类化合物trichothecolone。结论 本研究是对海洋真菌Chaetomium sp.次级代谢产物的首次报道,5种化合物均为首次从该种真菌中分离得到。     

中国南海山海绵Mycale sp.的化学成分研究

目的 对采自中国南海山海绵Mycale sp.的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等多种色谱学分离手段,对山海绵Mycale sp.的乙酸乙酯萃取层进行分离纯化;应用现代波谱技术,结合理化性质与文献报道对化合物进行结构鉴定;用Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）法对化合物进行体外人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及人肺癌细胞株PC9细胞生长抑制活性进行测试。结果 共分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为：环（脯-异亮）二肽[cyclo-（Pro-Ile）]（1）,环（脯-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Pro-Leu）]（2）,环（异亮-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Ile-Leu）]（3）,环（苯丙-脯）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Pro）]（4）,环（苯丙-缬）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Val）]（5）,环（苯丙-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Leu）]（6）,环（苯丙-异亮）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Ile）]（7）,2''-deoxythymidine（8）,胸腺嘧啶（thymine）（9）,5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethy-5-pentyl-2（5H）-furanone（10）。经体外活性筛选发现,这些化合物对MCF-7及PC9未显示明显的生长抑制活性。结论 化合物 1、2、4、5、6、7和10 均为首次从该属海绵中分离得到,本研究首次对化合物 1 ~ 10 的抗肿瘤活性进行了评价。     

中国西沙群岛沐浴海绵的化学成分研究

目的 研究中国西沙群岛沐浴海绵Spongia sp.的化学成分。方法 运用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等多种色谱学分离手段,对沐浴海绵Spongia sp.的石油醚萃取层进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱学数据并结合文献报道鉴定化合物的结构,采用微量稀释法评价化合物的体外抗真菌活性。结果 从海绵Spongia sp.中分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为smenodiol（1）、smenospongorine（2）、5-epi-smenospongorine（3）、dictyoceratin C（4）、epi-smenospongidine（5）、 dictyoceratin A（6）、stigmasta-4,6,8（14 ）,22-tetraen-3-one（7）、3-oxo-4,6,8（14 ）-triunsaturated steroid（8）、ergosta-4,6,8（14 ）,22-tetraen-3-one（9）。结论 化合物1 ~ 9均为首次从该属海绵中分离得到,体外抗真菌活性测试显示,化合物 2、3、5和 9 对3种受试菌株（白色念珠菌、须癣毛癣菌和红色毛癣菌）表现出程度不等的抑制活性,MIC值范围在12.5~25 μg/ml。     

山胡椒内生真菌Trichoderma sp. SHJN1和Perenniporia sp. SHJG1的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

目的 从民族药山胡椒内生真菌Trichoderma sp.SHJN1和Perenniporia sp.SHJG1的代谢物中寻找活性先导化合物。方法 采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶及制备型HPLC等对Trichoderma sp.SHJN1和Perenniporia sp.SHJG1发酵物进行分离纯化，再通过NMR、ESI-MS等鉴定化合物结构，同时采用人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和人肺癌细胞（A549）对这些化合物的抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。结果 从2株内生真菌次级代谢产物中共分离鉴定了12个化合物：alantrypinone （1）、oryzalactam （2）、phomoindene A （3）、cis-gregatin B （4）、huaspenone B （5）、stigmasta-7，22-dien-3β，5α，6α-triol （6）、ergosterol （7）、1-deoxy-2-demethylviridiol （8）、viridiol （9）、trichodermamides A （10）、chromone （11）、对-羟基苯乙酸（12）。抗肿瘤活性评价结果显示，化合物3 抑制MCF-7细胞增殖活性IC₅₀为（62.9±1.02）μmol·L^-1[顺铂（cisplatin，DDP） IC₅₀为（30.1±1.67）μmol·L^-1]；化合物8 和9 抑制A549细胞增殖活性的IC₅₀分别为（34.6±1.57）μmol·L^-1和（44.9±1.74）μmol·L^-1[DDP IC₅₀为（20.6±1.42）μmol·L^-1]。结论 化合物3 ，8 和9 具有潜在抗肿瘤活性。     

百蕊草亲水性化学成分研究

目的 对百蕊草中亲水性化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱等分离手段,对百蕊草水提取物经AB-8大孔树脂吸附,50%乙醇洗脱的亲水性组分（TT50）进行分离纯化,应用核磁共振波谱分析、结合文献报道鉴定化合物结构。结果 从TT50中分离纯化得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为：山奈酚（1）,紫云英苷（2）,山奈酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）,山奈酚-3-O-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）,山奈酚-3-O-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-［6-O-乙酰基］-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,芸香苷（6）。结论 TT50中主要成分为以山奈酚为母核的黄酮苷类化合物,化合物4、5为首次从百蕊草中分离得到。     

三桠苦枝叶化学成分的分离、鉴定

目的 研究三桠苦[Evodia lepta（Spreng.）Merr.]枝叶的化学成分,为三桠苦的进一步研究奠定物质基础。方法 对三桠苦无水乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到单体化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其化合物结构。结果 从三桠苦乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,分别为异吴茱萸酮酚（化合物1）、异吴茱萸酮酚甲醚（化合物2）、3,5-二羟基-4-乙氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基苯并二氢吡喃（化合物3）、（cis）-3,4,5-三羟基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基色烷（化合物4）和（trans）-3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基色烷（化合物5）和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（化合物6）。结论 化合物1~6均为首次从三桠苦植物的枝叶中分离得到。     

消乳散结胶囊联合他莫昔芬治疗乳腺增生症的疗效观察

目的 研究瑞香狼毒Stellera chamaejasme花中黄酮和木脂素类化学成分及其抗氧化活性,分析构效关系。方法 利用大孔吸附树脂、正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离材料,通过柱色谱和高效液相色谱等分离方法进行分离纯化,运用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,并采用FRAP法、DPPH法和ABTS法对分离得到的化合物进行体外抗氧化活性测试。结果 从瑞香狼毒花甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别鉴定为艾黄素（1）、槲皮素（2）、isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（3）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、紫云英苷（5）、hypolaetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（6）、kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-O-α-L-xylopyranoside（7）、rel-（3R,3''S,4R,4''S）-3,3'',4,4''-tetrahydro-6,6''-dimethoxy[3,3''-bi-2H-benzopyran]-4,4''-diol（8）、马台树脂醇（9）、乌拉尔醇（10）、环黄芪醇（11）、松脂醇（12）。抗氧化活性实验表明,黄酮和木脂素类化合物均显示了较强的抗氧化活性。结论 化合物1、3、5～7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到;化合物2、4、5和10表现出显著的抗氧化活性,其中黄酮类化合物C-3或C-8位连有糖链会降低其抗氧化活性。     

枸骨茎抗炎活性成分研究

目的 研究枸骨（Ilex cornuta Lindl.et Paxt）茎的抗炎活性成分。方法 运用80%乙醇提取、大孔吸附树脂、正反相硅胶、Sephadex-LH20色谱柱等多种方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。采用脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO生成模型对部分化合物的抗炎活性进行测试。结果 共分离得到10个化合物,经结构鉴定分别为α-香树脂醇（1）、齐墩果酸（2）、熊果酸（3）、羽扇豆醇（4）、menisdaurin（5）、lithospermoside（6）、槲皮素（7）、芦丁（8）、汉黄芩苷（9）、5,2''-二羟基-6,7,8,3''-四甲氧基黄酮（10）。测试了化合物2~8对LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO生成抑制活性。结论 化合物5、6、9、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物3和7能较明显地抑制LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NO生成。     

海南红树林内生真菌Fusarium sp. HSL-3次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究海南红树林内生真菌Fusarium sp. HSL-3次级代谢产物,并对其进行抗炎和抗肿瘤活性筛选。方法 采用大米培养基对菌株静置培养,同时采用柱层析色谱法和HPLC对该真菌的次级代谢产物进行分离纯化,并且通过核磁共振及质谱等有机波谱手段,对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 共分离得到8个化合物,分别为lateritin(1)、4-carbomethoxy-6-hydroxy-2-quinolone(2)、3,5-dimethoxydihydrofusarubin D(3)、anhydrofusarbin(4)、3,3''-methylene-bis (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)(5)、crypticin B(6)、vanillyl alcohol(7)和3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceticacid(8),其中化合物2和5为首次从镰刀菌属Fusarium中分离得到。化合物3和5对RAW264.7细胞表现出良好的抗炎活性(化合物3在50 µmol·L^-1时的NO抑制率为87%,化合物5在50 µmol·L^-1时的NO抑制率为71%),而化合物1对非小细胞肺癌细胞A549有显著的细胞毒活性,IC₅₀值为(7.92±0.27)µmol·L^-1。结论 从海南红树林内生真菌Fusarium sp. HSL-3中分离得到的化合物3和5具有较强的抗炎活性,化合物1有显著的抗肿瘤活性。     

丰肉结海绵相关青霉菌HLS-216次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究我国南海水域丰肉结海绵相关青霉菌Penicillium sp.HLS-216的次级代谢产物的提取分离方法 、结构鉴定及其抗肿瘤、抗炎活性.方法 采用大米固体发酵培养,乙酸乙酯提取后,经硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高级液相色谱等手段进行分离,并对分离得到的单体化合物应用质谱、核磁共振等技术进行结构鉴定;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和Griess法对分离得到的单体化合物进行抗肿瘤、抗炎活性筛选.结果 分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:黑麦酮酸F(secalonic acid F,1)、黑麦酮酸D(secalonic acid D,2)、meleagrin(3)、oxaline(4)、对羟基肉桂酰胺(4-hydroxycinnamamide,5)、对羟基苯乙酸甲酯(methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate,6)、对羟基苯乙醛(4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,7).结论 化合物5和7为首次从青霉菌中分离得到;化合物1和2显示出较强的抗肿瘤活性,化合物4表现出一定的抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮生成的作用.     

三斑海马的化学成分研究

目的 研究三斑海马的化学成分。方法 采用乙醇提取和硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、反相C₁₈柱色谱等方法对三斑海马化学成分进行分离纯化，通过理化性质、波谱数据和文献对比，对得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果 从三斑海马中分离得到8个化合物，分别鉴定为：L-苯丙氨酸(1)、丙氨酸(2)、肌苷(3)、胆固醇(4)、N-乙酰基酪胺(5)、尿嘧啶(6)、D-甘露醇(7)、河豚素(8)。结论 化合物5、7、8为首次从三斑海马中分离得到。     

Topoisomerase I and II inhibitory constituents from the bark of Tilia amurensis

Two coumarins (1 and 6), one flavan-3-ol (2), one fatty acid (3), and two lignan glycosides (4 and 5) were isolated from the EtOAc and CH₂Cl₂ extract of the bark of Tilia amurensis. Their chemical structures were identified by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those of published in literatures. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 were isolated from Tilia genus for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 showed potent inhibitory activity against both DNA topoisomerase I (IC₅₀ values; 49 μM and 4 μM, respectively, with 18 μM of positive control compound, comptothecin) and DNA topoisomerase II (IC₅₀ values; 13 μM and 3 μM, respectively, with 50 μM of positive control compound, etoposide). However, all compounds did not showed cytotoxicity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and human liver hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG-2).     

Isolation and biological activity of compounds from Garcinia preussii

Context: Plants of the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are traditionally used to relieve stomachaches, toothaches, and as a chew stick.

Objective: In order to determine which compounds were responsible for these activities, a phytochemical investigation of the fruits and leaves of Garcinia preussii Engl. was pursued.

Materials and methods: Plants were extracted by solvents of various polarities. Compounds isolation was then carried out using chromatography methods (medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography, open column and thin-layer chromatography). The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH^?, ABTS^??, ALP, and ORAC assays. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The cytotoxic activity of most of the isolated compounds was evaluated on a small panel of human cancer cell lines (DU145, HeLa, HT-29, and A431) using the XTT method.

Results: The phytochemical investigation of G. preussii led to the isolation of eight known compounds, six benzophenones and two flavonoids. These compounds were tested for their biological activities. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 demonstrated a high free radical scavenging activity with ER₅₀ ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The antimicrobial activity was shown only against Gram-positive bacteria for 1, 4, and 5. A moderate cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ ranging from 7 to 50?µM was observed, except for 6 which was not active.

Conclusion: These results appear to support some of the properties reported for Garcinia species.     

Antioxidative iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Veronica peregrina</Emphasis>

Eight iridoid glycosides and four phenolic compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of Veronica peregrina MeOH extract as the radical scavengers for antioxidant activity. The compounds were identified as protocatechuic acid (1), luteolin (2), veronicoside (3), minecoside (4), specioside (5), amphicoside (6), catalposide (7), 6-O-cis-p-coumaroyl catalpol (8), p-hydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester (9), verproside (10), verminoside (11), and chrysoeriol 7-glucuronide (12) by spectroscopic analysis. All compounds except for 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ORAC(Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay, which measures scavenging activity against peroxy radicals induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-methoxypropion-amidine) dihydrochloride, and the ORAC value is expressed as relative trolox equivalent. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 exhibited potent antioxidant activity, and compounds 1, 11 had similar activity with trolox, whereas the other compounds showed weaker activity than trolox.     

Investigating glucosyltransferase inhibitory activities of polyphenols from kapur (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dryobalanops</Emphasis> sp.) heartwood extracts

The inhibitory effects of 50% aqueous ethanol extracts obtained from 36 tropical woody plants species on glucosyltransferase (GTase) activity were studied. Out of the 36 species examined, those obtained from kapur (Dryobalanops sp.), a species growing in Kalimantan (Indonesia), showed the highest level of GTase inhibition. Kapur extracts were further subjected to fractionation using column chromatography (LH-20 gel, cellulose and C-18 silica gel column). LH-20 gel provided the most successful method of fractionation. The separated fractions showed positive with Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent and negative with vanillin-HCl reagent, indicating that the main constituents of the active fractions were polyphenols but not proanthocyanidin (condensed tannins). Results of the assay for protein precipitating ability with bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution suggested these polyphenols have strong protein-precipitating ability. The predominant compound produced after acid hydrolysis was ellagic acid, indicating that the GTase-inhibitory components were mainly ellagitannins. Two polyphenolic compounds referred to as compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the water eluate fraction with LH-20 gel column, and these compounds showed comparatively strong GTase-inhibitory activities and relatively low molecular weight. Using a combination of two-dimensional, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, compound 1 was identified as 4-methoxy-2-[tetrahydro-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-2-yl]-α-resorcylic acid δ–lactone (bergenin), and 2 was identified as 4-O-(α-rhamnopyranosyl) ellagic acid (eschweilenol C). Bergenin has been previously isolated from the roots of Bergenia crassifolia, and eschweilenol C has been isolated from the bark of Eschweilera coriacea. Both compounds were found in kapur for the first time.     

Neural anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24

Three new sesquiterpenoids trichoacorenols B–C and cyclonerodiol B (1–3), along with three known ones (4–6), were isolated from the mangrove plant endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24 using various column chromatography techniques. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were four acorane sesquiterpenes, 3 and 6 were two monocyclic sesquiterpenediols. Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited significant neural anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting LPS-induced NO production in BV2 cells with the inhibitory rates of 75.0% and 39.2% at 0.1 μM, respectively, which are more potent than curcumin, a positive control with the inhibitory rate of 21.1% at 0.1 μM.