赤芍拮抗内毒素活性的实验研究

目的:提取分离中药赤芍中拮抗内毒素(LPS)的有效成分并进行药理学活性检测。方法:通过生物传感器,结合常规的中药分离技术,分离提取出赤芍拮抗LPS的有效成分,应用鲎实验和ELISA法检测该有效成分对LPS的中和作用。结果:赤芍中的有效成分与LPS具有较高的结合作用,该结合作用具有较强的中和LPS活性,在体外能够显著抑制由LPS介导小鼠RAW 2 6 4.7细胞释放TNF α。结论:以LPS为靶点,应用生物传感器技术,可快速、有效地提取分离赤芍中具有较强的中和LPS活性的有效成分。     

中药赤芍抗内毒素活性的实验观察

目的：通过提取中药赤芍中抗内毒素（LPS）活性的有效成分,进行药理学观察,探讨赤芍抗内毒素活性的内在机制。方法：将常规中药化学分离技术与生物传感器相结合,分离赤芍抗LPS的有效成分,应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法和鲎试验法检测该有效成分对LPS的中和作用。结果：赤芍中抗LPS的有效成分具有较强的中和LPS的活性．该有效成分能够在体外实验中显著抑制由LPS介导的培养细胞系释放TNF-α。结论：中药赤芍中存在高活性的抗LPS有效成分．该成分可以LPS为靶点,应用常规中药化学分离技术与生物传感器相结合的方法进行快速、有效地提取分离。     

生物传感器技术在分离赤芍抗内毒素单体成分中的研究

目的 :利用生物传感技术从赤芍中分离抗内毒素单体成分。方法 :以LipidA包被生物传感器样品池表面 ,建立筛选靶点 ,并以传感器上回收物的紫外扫描结果为参照 ,通过跟踪测定硅胶柱层析、高效液相色谱 (HPLC)流出组分与LipidA的结合能力 ,分离抗内毒素的单体成分 ,并应用鲎试剂法测定单体成分与体外脂多糖 (LPS)的中和作用。结果 :从生物传感器回收到可与LipidA结合的组分 ,其紫外吸收峰分别为194、215、275nm波长。通过HPLC分离出与LipidA具有较高结合活性的单体成分为1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,6—O—五没食子酰—β—D—葡萄糖 (PGG ) ,浓度为8、4、2μg/ml的PGG分别能够中和0 1EU/mlLPS活性的68 8 %、43 7 %、31 4 %。结论 :利用生物传感器技术 ,以LipidA为靶点分离赤芍抗内毒素单体成分是可行的 ,且具有高效、快速、准确等优点 ,适合于大规模地从中草药中分离抗内毒素的单体成分。     

放射性药品细菌内毒素检测方法的研究进展

细菌内毒素含量是注射型放射性药物的关键质量属性,已标准化的方法包括家兔法和鲎试剂法;新型检测法有试剂盒检测法、磁弹性传感器法、生物传感器法、仪器分析的方法。分别从蛋白类生物传感器、肽类生物传感器、抗体类生物传感器、适体类生物传感器、细胞类生物传感器几个方面着重介绍了生物传感器法,生物传感器法是未来放射性药物细菌内毒素测定的发展趋势。     

注射用药用辅料枸橼酸细菌内毒素检查法的可行性研究

目的:建立注射用药用辅料枸橼酸的细菌内毒素检验方法。方法:按照《中国药典》2010年版二部附录细菌内毒素检查法试验和结果判断,采用供试品稀释法和pH调节法进行试验。结果:在供试品稀释法中,枸橼酸0.125 mg.mL-1及其以下浓度对湛江安度斯生物有限公司生产的鲎试剂与细菌内毒素反应无干扰;枸橼酸0.0625 mg.mL-1及其以下浓度对湛江博康海洋生物有限公司生产的鲎试剂与细菌内毒素反应无干扰。使用0.03 EU.mL-1的鲎试剂可对其进行细菌内毒素检查。在pH调节法中,枸橼酸用1 mol.L-1氢氧化钠调节pH值至6.0后,对鲎试剂与内毒素反应最大不产生干扰的浓度为0.5 mg.mL-1,使用0.25 EU.mL-1或灵敏度更高的鲎试剂可对其进行细菌内毒素检查。结论:建立其细菌内毒素检查法是可行的,可用于其质量控制。     

注射用磷霉素钠中细菌内毒素的检测

目的 :建立注射用磷霉素钠的细菌内毒素检查法。方法 :按中国药典 2 0 0 0年版二部附录规定进行鲎试剂复核、样品干扰试验和样品测定。结果 :75mg·ml- 1 的样品稀释 4倍后 ,可用标示灵敏度为 0 .2 5EU·ml- 1 的鲎试剂检测其细菌内毒素 ,实验结果与临床应用情况相符。结论 :鲎法检测注射用磷霉素钠的细菌内毒素方法可行、结果可靠 ,可代替兔法检测其热原。     

高丽参注射液的细菌内毒素检查法

目的: 建立高丽参注射液的细菌内毒素检测法.方法: 根据中国药典2000版二部收载的细菌内毒素检查的要求进行实验.结果: 高丽参注射液经稀释后可消除对鲎试剂的干扰,用灵敏度为0.5 EU·ml-1的鲎试剂检测内毒素是有效的,并与家兔法的结果一致.结论: 对高丽参注射液可用内毒素检查法替代家兔法的热原检查.     

硫酸镁注射液中细菌内毒素的检测

目的　建立硫酸镁注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法　按中国药典 2000年版二部附录规定进行鲎试剂复核、样品干扰试验和样品测定。结果　含量为 25%的样品经 2倍稀释后,可用标示灵敏度为 0. 25EU·mL-1的鲎试剂检测其细菌内毒素,实验结果与临床应用情况相符。结论　鲎法检测硫酸镁注射液中的细菌内毒素结果可靠,方法实用可行,可代替兔法检测其热原。     

硼酸冲洗剂的细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的:建立硼酸冲洗剂的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法:根据《中国药典》2005年版二部附录收载的细菌内毒素检查方法,采用鲎试剂法对硼酸冲洗剂进行干扰预试验及干扰试验,以确定样品无干扰浓度、pH值及鲎试剂的灵敏度。结果:样品经2倍稀释并调节pH值为稍高于6时对鲎试剂与内毒素的反应无干扰作用,可用灵敏度为0.25EU的鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查。结论:鲎试剂法可用于硼酸冲洗剂的细菌内毒素检查。     

盐酸多巴胺注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

目的:建立盐酸多巴胺注射液中细菌内毒素检查的鲎试剂法。方法:根据《中国药典》2005年版二部细菌内毒素检查法,采用2个不同厂家生产的鲎试剂对盐酸多巴胺注射液通过调节pH值及稀释倍数等方法进行干扰试验和细菌内毒素检查。结果:盐酸多巴胺注射液pH值调至7.0、稀释至600倍即最大不干扰浓度为0.0167mg·mL-1时,对鲎试剂与细菌内毒素的凝集反应无干扰作用。6批样品中细菌内毒素限值为15 EU·mg-1。结论:采用鲎试剂法控制盐酸多巴胺注射液的细菌内毒素是可行的。     

以Lipid A为靶点拮抗内毒素中药的筛选

目的利用生物传感器跟踪技术从抗炎中药中筛选出具有拮抗内毒素的中药,为进一步对中药拮抗内毒素活性成分的分离纯化提供实验依据。方法将革兰阴性细菌的脂质A(Lipid A)包被于生物传感器的非衍生板建立靶点,跟踪测定赤芍、大黄、黄芩等78种中药的水提物和醇提物与Lipid A的结合活性,再将筛选出的中药去鞣质后与定量的内毒素(LPS,20、50ng·ml-1)37℃孵育30min后,测定孵育后的样品与Lipid A的结合情况,以评价样品内的活性物质含量。结果在所筛选的78种中药中有12种中药的水提物与Lipid A具有较高的亲和活性,在这12种中药中有6种中药的醇提物与Lipid A也具有较高的亲和活性;通过对所筛选出的12种中药的水提物去除鞣质后与LPS的消耗实验,发现所筛选出的12种中药均含有除鞣质以外的与lipid A具有特异性结合的物质,并且12种中药中能与Lipid A发生特异性结合作用的活性物质含量存在较大的差异。结论生物传感器跟踪技术是一种快速、准确、有效的筛选平台,筛选出的12种中药均含有非鞣质类能与lipid A发生特异性结合作用的物质,为进一步对12种中药抗内毒素有效部位或单体的分离提供了重要的实验依据。     

The screening and isolation of an effective anti-endotoxin monomer from Radix Paeoniae Rubra using affinity biosensor technology

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known trigger in the pathogenesis of sepsis, lipid A being the toxic component. One of several adjuvant therapeutic approaches for severe sepsis is currently focusing on the neutralization of LPS. In order to obtain the components from traditional Chinese herbs that can neutralize the endotoxin, aqueous extractions were tested using affinity biosensor technology. From amongst 42 herbs, eight were found to possess lipid A-binding abilities. Radix Paeoniae Rubras had the highest lipid A-binding ability; therefore an aqueous extraction from this plant was investigated further. After preparation using standard methods, including silica gel chromatography and HPLC, we obtained 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-beta-d-pentagalloylglucose (PGG), with lipid A-binding ability. It was found that in vitro, PGG directly bound to lipid A, with a Kd of 32 microM, and that it neutralized the endotoxin both in the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay and in a TNF-alpha release experiment, in a dose-dependent manner. In in vivo experiments, PGG was found to protect mice from a lethal challenge by LPS, and significantly decreased the plasma endotoxin level both in endotoxemic mice and rats, the reduction of the endotoxin level in rats being tightly associated with the TNF-alpha level. In conclusion, we demonstrate the effectiveness of affinity biosensor technology in discovering useful agents amongst traditional Chinese herbs and using this approach we found a new anti-endotoxin agent.     

以lipid A为靶点应用生物传感器技术筛选抗炎中药

目的应用生物传感器跟踪检测技术从传统抗炎中药中筛选具有拮抗内毒素作用的中药，并对其进行活性物质含量排序。方法将lipid A包被于生物传感器的非衍生板，建立靶点，测定22种去鞣质后的中药水煎液与lipid A的亲和力；选择具有较高亲和力的药物与定量脂多糖（5ng／mL）于37℃混合孵育30min，再测定其与lipidA的亲和力，以评价药物水提液中活性物质的含量。结果22种中药均具有与lipidA较高的亲和力（大于100RU）；侧柏叶、地骨皮、石榴皮等16种中药中与lipidA特异性结合的活性物质含量较高。结论应用生物传感器技术建立的筛选平台快速而客观，筛选出的16种中药均含有能与lipidA发生特异性结合作用的非鞣质类活性物质。     

止咳口服液制备工艺研究

目的:筛选制备止咳口服液的最佳生产工艺,实现中药片剂合理转换为液体剂型。方法:采用不同方法设计索氏提取法,半仿生提取法,酸水提取法,水超声提取法进行有效成分提取,通过高效液相法进行含量测定。结果:索氏提取法提取和水提取麻黄碱含量较高,适合工业化生产要求。结论:索氏提取法提取、酸水提取都可以满足工业化生产要求。     

薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺比较

目的:比较薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺.方法:把常规提取方法和超临界萃取技术提取的薯蓣皂苷元利用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,计算薯蓣皂苷元产率比较提取工艺.结果:常规提取法薯蓣皂苷元产率为0.622%,超临界CO2萃取法薯蓣皂苷元产率为1.226%.结论:超临界CO2萃取技术能显著提高薯蓣皂苷元的收率且缩短提取时间.     

气相色谱-质谱法分析4种方法提取没药所得提取物的化学成分

目的:为进一步研究没药提供参考。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱法分别对超临界CO2萃取法、索氏提取法、超声提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取没药所得提取物的化学成分进行比较分析。结果:各提取方法所得提取物成分差异很大,以超临界CO2萃取物中化学成分和种类较多,除挥发油外还有大量树脂等有效成分;超临界CO2萃取法可避免提取过程中的高温和有机溶剂残留。结论:超临界CO2萃取法可初步判定为适用于没药的提取方法。     

Dual targets guided screening and isolation of Kukoamine B as a novel natural anti-sepsis agent from traditional Chinese herb Cortex lycii

Treating sepsis remains challenging at present. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial DNA/CpG DNA are important pathogenic molecules and drug targets for sepsis. It is thus a promising strategy to treat sepsis by discovering agents that neutralize LPS and CpG DNA simultaneously. In this study, we present evidences of the biosensor based screening and isolation of active anti-sepsis fractions and monomers from traditional Chinese herbs using dual targets (LPS and CpG DNA) guided drug discovery strategy. Firstly, LPS or CpG DNA was immobilized on surfaces of cuvettes in the biosensor to establish a screening platform. Then, Cortex lycii with both highest affinities was selected out from one hundred and fourteen traditional Chinese herbs. In subsequent experiments, chromatography was utilized and coupled with the biosensor to purify fractions with a higher affinity for LPS and CpG DNA. In line with affinity assay, these fractions were shown to neutralize LPS and CpG DNA and inhibit their activity in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, the contributing monomer Kukoamine B (KB) was purified. KB neutralized LPS and CpG DNA in vitro. It inhibited TLR4, TLR9 and MyD88 mRNA expressions up-regulated by LPS and CpG DNA, and also attenuated the LPS and CpG DNA elicited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein in RAW264.7 cells. It also protected mice from lethal challenge of heat-killed E. coli, a mixture of LPS and CpG DNA. In conclusion, we presented a dual target guided discovery of a novel anti-sepsis agent KB from traditional Chinese herbs via combination of biosensor technology and chromatography methods.     

不同提取方法对黄连中小檗碱含量的影响

目的:探讨不同提取方法对黄连中小檗碱含量的影响。方法:用药典法、回流法、超声法、回流超声法4种方法提取黄连,以高效液相色谱法分别测定提取物中小檗碱的含量。结果:《中国药典》提供的方法与其它提取方法所得小檗碱含量结果有显著性差异(P<0·01)。结论:回流超声法与其它方法比较,时间短、含量高,较适宜提取黄连中的小檗碱。     

Identification of a new anti-LPS agent,geniposide, from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,and its ability of direct binding and neutralization of lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS/endotoxin) is a key pathogen recognition molecule for sepsis. Currently, one of the therapeutic approaches for severe sepsis is focusing on the neutralization of LPS, and clinical trials have shown a lot of traditional Chinese herbs possess anti-sepsis function. Herein, to elucidate the bioactive components of traditional Chinese herbs that can neutralize LPS, the lipid A-binding abilities of sixty herbs were tested using affinity biosensor technology. The aqueous extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, traditionally used to treat inflammation in Asian countries for centuries, was further investigated. Subsequently, a monomer, identified as geniposide, was isolated. In vitro, geniposide was found to directly bind LPS and neutralize LPS. It dose-dependently inhibited cytokines release from RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS without affecting the cell viability, and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression up-regulated by LPS. However, geniposide did not decrease TNF-α release induced by CpG DNA, Poly I:C or IL-1β. Significantly, geniposide dose-dependently down-regulated TLR4 mRNA expression up-regulated by LPS, and suppressed the phosphorylations of p38 MAKP induced by LPS but not by IL-1β. In vivo, geniposide (40 mg/kg) could significantly protect mice challenge with lethal heat-killed E. coli, and dose-dependently decreased the level of serum endotoxin which was tightly associated with the cytokine levels in endotoxemia mice. In summary, we successfully isolated geniposide from G. jasminoides Ellis. Geniposide directly bound LPS and neutralized LPS in vitro, and significantly protected sepsis model mice. Therefore, geniposide could be as a useful lead compound for anti-sepsis drug development.