HPLC法同时测定酚氨咖敏颗粒中三组分的含量

目的:建立 HPLC 法同时测定酚氨咖敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、氨基比林的含量。方法:采用日本岛津 VP-ODS色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(40:60)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长273 nm,柱温:30℃,进样量:20 μL。结果:对乙酰氨基酚进样浓度在10～100μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=3)为98.8%～99.4%;咖啡因进样浓度在2.4～24μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率(n=3)为98.2%～101.5%;氨基比林进样浓度在8～80μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率(n=3)为98.3%～100.4%。结论:本方法灵敏度高,操作简便、可靠,适用于测定酚氨咖敏颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、氨基比林的含量。     

HPLC法测定复方茶碱麻黄碱片中茶碱、咖啡因和可可碱的溶出度

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定复方茶碱麻黄碱片中可可碱、茶碱和咖啡因的溶出度的方法。方法:采用溶出度测定法(桨法),以水为溶出介质,转速为50 r·min^-1,45 min时取样。采用Apollo C 18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以醋酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(93∶7)为流动相,流速0.8 mL·min^-1,紫外检测器,检测波长271 nm,柱温40℃,以外标法峰面积定量。结果:可可碱在1.65~33.0μg·mL^-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为94.7%,RSD为1.41%(n=6);茶碱在1.65~33.0μg·mL^-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99.8%,RSD为0.36%(n=6);咖啡因在0.5~20.0μg·mL^-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.4%,RSD为0.54%(n=6)。三批药品的可可碱、茶碱与咖啡因溶出度测定结果分别为95%、94%、94%;92%、92%、94%;92%、92%、93%;结论:本方法简便、快速,测定结果准确可靠,重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

奥沙西泮原料及其片剂中有关物质的检查

目的:建立 HPLC 法同时测定奥沙西泮原料及片剂中有关物质的方法。方法:采用 C_(18)柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.05 mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢铵-甲醇(45:55,用三乙胺调 pH 8.0)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为230 nm。结果:奥沙西泮峰及各杂质峰均能良好分离。杂质 A 浓度在0.092～9.2μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为 Y=67.9X 1.2,r=0.9999,最低检测限为0.13 ng,奥沙西泮中回收率为106.2%,RSD=2.1%(n=6),片剂中回收率为104.2%,RSD 为1.9%(n=6);杂质 B 浓度在0.106～10.6μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为 Y=51.4X-5.6,r=0.9999,最低检测限为0.31 ng,在奥沙西泮中回收率为97.9%,RSD=1.5%(n=6),片剂中回收率为101.5%,RSD 为1.2%(n=6);杂质 C 浓度在0.1～10.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为 Y=77.4X 0.28,r=0.9998,最低检测限为0.28 ng,奥沙西泮中回收率为113.1%,RSD=2.5%(n=6),片剂中回收率为110.5%,RSD为2.3%(n=6)。结论:该方法简便、灵敏、专属性好,可用于奥沙西泮原料和制剂中有关物质的检查。     

HPLC法测定骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量

目的建立骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法对骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷(以欧前胡素和异欧前胡素计)的含量进行测定。结果欧前胡素在6.0～60.0μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为93.6%,RSD=2.48%(n=6);异欧前胡素在4.0～40.0μg·mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为90.4%,RSD=1.51%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、可靠、重复性好,可用于骨刺消痛胶囊中白芷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定复方咖磷颗粒中咖啡因的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定复方咖磷颗粒中咖啡因的含量.色谱柱为Alltima C18,流动相:甲醇-水(70:30),流速:1.0ml·min-1,检测波长:273nm.咖啡因在5～50μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.6%(n=9),RSD为0.47%.     

HPLC法同时测定乳块消片中丹参素、原儿茶醛、橙皮苷、丹酚酸B的含量

目的:采用 HPLC 法同时测定乳块消片中丹参素、原儿茶醛、橙皮苷、丹酚酸 B 4种成分的含量。方法:采用 Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以甲醇-3%醋酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱;流速为1 mL·min~(-1);柱温为30℃;检洲波长280 nm。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、橙皮苷、卅酚酸 B 进样浓度分别在7.0～223.0μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),0.7～21.5μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),8.5～272.0μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),34.8～1112.0μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999)范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率(n=6)分别为101.4%,98.9%,96.2%,99.4%及其 RSD 分别为2.4%,1.8%,1.3%,1.5%。结论:本方法简便,重现性好,结果准确可靠,为乳块消片的质量控制奠定了基础。     

HPLC法测定复方对乙酰氨基酚片中对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酸及咖啡因的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定复方对乙酰氨基酚片中对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酸及咖啡因的含量。方法:采用 Li-chrospher C_(18)(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(40:60:0.3)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长272 nm,柱温35℃。结果:对乙酰氨基酚线性范围为19.93～199.32μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9998),平均回收率(n=9)为99.2%;乙酰水杨酸线性范围为36.00～359.96μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),平均同收率(n=9)为99.7%;咖啡因线性范围为4.90～49.04μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9998),平均同收率(n=9)为98.8%。结论:方法简使,结果准确,适用于该产品的质量控制。     

紫金颗粒中黄芩苷和绿原酸的含量测定研究

目的测定紫金颗粒中黄芩苷和绿原酸的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法对紫金颗粒中的黄芩苷、绿原酸进行含量测定。结果黄芩苷在0.2384～1.4304μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999;平均回收率为98.39%,RSD为0.80%(n=6)。绿原酸在0.0272～0.6800μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999;平均回收率为98.86%,RSD为0.63%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法可靠、准确、专属性强,可作为紫金颗粒的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定复方醋酸泼尼松氯霉素散中两组分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定复方醋酸泼尼松氯霉素散中醋酸泼尼松和氯霉素的含量。方法迪马ODSC18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(60:40)为流动相,检测波长238nm,流速1.0ml·min-1,柱温30℃,进样量为20μl。结果醋酸泼尼松在2.5～15μg·ml-1范围内与吸收峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999,n=6),氯霉素在0.2～1.4mg·ml-1范围内与吸收峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999,n=6);平均回收率:氯霉素为99.5%,RSD=1.0%(n=9);醋酸泼尼松为1 0 0.9%,RSD=0.2%(n=9)。     

HPLC法同时测定肿痛安胶囊中5种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定肿痛安胶囊中:天麻素、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、欧前胡素和异欧前胡素含量的HPLC法。方法色谱柱:Phenomenex Luna C_(18)柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流速:1.0mL·min~(-1);柱温:25℃;流动相:甲醇-水梯度洗脱;检测波长:230nm;进样量:5μL。结果天麻素质量浓度在12.46～199.30μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r_1=0.999 5,平均回收率为101.2%,RSD值为1.6%(n=6);升麻素苷质量浓度在12.07～193.20μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r_2=0.999 7,平均回收率为100.1%,RSD值为1.8%(n=6);5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷质量浓度在8.12～129.90μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r_3=0.999 8,平均回收率为99.1%,RSD值为1.7%(n=6);欧前胡素质量浓度在12.52～200.40μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r_4=0.999 6,平均回收率为98.6%,RSD值为1.4%(n=6);异欧前胡素质量浓度在12.65～202.40μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,r_5=0.999 6,平均回收率为99.0%,RSD值为0.7%(n=6)。结论该方法简单、准确,可同时测定5种成分的含量,可用于肿痛安胶囊的质量控制。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.