鼻内镜手术切除治疗38例鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤的临床疗效

目的：对鼻内镜手术切除治疗鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤的临床疗效进行探讨。方法对我院2010年1月至2013年1月收治的在鼻内镜下切除38例鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术中出血100～350mL,平均220mL,无术中死亡,无严重并发症。术后鼻内镜检查及鼻窦CT或MRI检查证实38例患者肿瘤全部切除,手术成功率100％。所有患者随访14～38个月,2例筛窦鳞状细胞癌中1例6个月后因心肌梗死死亡,1例16个月后脑转移死亡;2例恶性黑色素瘤患者中1例术后13个月死于脑转移,1例10个月后出现局部复发,再次鼻内镜手术,随访至今未见复发;1例腺样囊性癌患者术后19月个后复发、1例秀神经母细胞瘤术后29个月复发、1例软骨肉瘤14个月后局部复发,均再次鼻内镜下手术,随访至今未复发,其余31例随访至今未见复发。结论鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤有效、创伤小、恢复快,对提高患者生存质量有重要意义,但应注意手术适应症。     

鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎65例疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术的手术方法和临床效果。方法对65例(68眼)患者采用鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎,同期行鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻腔疾病,随诊观察6个月以上。结果 58例治愈,5例好转中有2例术后1年后息肉复发。治愈率为89%,总有效率100%。结论鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术是治疗慢性泪囊炎的切实可行的手术方法。     

鼻内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的临床分析

目的探讨经鼻内镜手术切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的疗效。方法对2002年6月～2007年6月笔者所在医院在鼻内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤11例患者和同期行鼻侧切开术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤11例患者进行回顾性比较研究。所有患者系Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期病例。结果在鼻内镜下治疗的11例患者中,10例一次性手术完全切除,1例15个月复发再手术治愈。在鼻侧切开术下治疗的11例患者中1例恶变,6例一次性手术完全切除,2例术后发现残留,予以微波处理,2例分别手术后6个月和12个月复发,均再手术治愈。所有病例均随访3年,均未再复发。结论内镜下切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,具有视野清晰、损伤小、面部无瘢痕、患者康复快,术后换药方便等特点。     

手术防粘连液预防小儿经鼻内镜腺样体切除术后鼻腔粘连的疗效观察

目的 探讨手术防粘连液预防小儿经鼻内镜腺样体切除术后鼻腔粘连的临床效果.方法 选择患小儿腺样体肥大,经鼻内镜腺样体切除术患儿118例,随机分为观察组63例和对照组55例,观察组术后予鼻用糖皮质激素加用手术防粘连液,对照组仅予鼻用糖皮质激素,随访6个月,比较2组术后出现鼻腔粘连的情况.结果 观察组出现鼻腔粘连2例（3.2％）,对照组出现鼻腔粘连8例（14.5％）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 手术防粘连液能有效预防小儿经鼻内镜下腺样体切除术后出现鼻腔粘连.值得临床推广应用.     

气管、支气管腺样囊性癌4例临床分析

目的 探讨气管、支气管腺样囊性癌的临床特征、诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析4例气管、支气管腺样囊性癌的诊治过程,均为女性,年龄37～65岁.2例为气管腺样囊性癌,2例为支气管腺样囊性癌.结果 4例均在我院明确诊断,并进行了包括内镜下介入、手术、放疗等有效的治疗,存活至今.结论 大气道腺样囊性癌是临床少见病,诊断时需要提高警惕,采用多种联合治疗可提高存活率.     

21例鼻内翻性乳头状瘤手术治疗效果观察

目的：探讨手术治疗鼻和鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的效果及术式选择。方法：回顾性分析在鼻内镜下功能性鼻腔、鼻窦手术或者柯-陆手术＋鼻内镜下鼻腔鼻窦手术联合径路行鼻内翻性乳头状瘤切除的资料。结果：21例中6例失访,其余病例随访观察6—36个月,除1例因放疗后出现鼻腔粘连,其余均无复发。结论：彻底切除肿瘤,减少对邻近部位侵袭的发生。术后密切随访是降低术后复发率的重要措施。     

鼻内镜下鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤切除术临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤切除术的方法及效果。方法回顾分析65例患者的临床资料。结果本组65例患者均完整切除肿瘤,症状消失,术后无明显并发症发生。本组患者术后经病理诊断均为内翻性乳头状瘤。于术后6个月内按鼻内镜常规要求换药,并定期复查。全部患者随访1~4年,其中6例在随访期第3年复发,均为侵犯上颌窦肿瘤,再次手术后未有复发。2例在第4年复发,手术切除病理报告为肿瘤恶变,行鼻侧切开术切除肿瘤,术后配合放疗,目前患者状况较好。结论鼻内镜下切除肿瘤创伤小,并发症少,可同时处理鼻腔及鼻窦的其他病变,术后随访简单易行。单纯采用鼻内镜手术时,要选择好适合病例,对病变范围广泛,手术难度大,鼻内镜下联合其他方法治疗是较好的选择。     

经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床研究

目的：观察经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术治疗慢性泪囊炎的临床疗效。方法：选择2010年4月-2011年4月收治的经常规治疗方法无效的慢性泪囊炎患者36例（41眼）,在局麻鼻内镜下行泪囊鼻腔造口术。随访6～12个月。结果：本组36例（41眼）手术均顺利完成,其中治愈33例,好转2例,无效1例,总有效率为91．67％。均未出现明显手术并发症。结论：经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊造口术对慢性泪囊炎治疗有较高的疗效,术中准确定位泪囊在鼻内的解剖部位是鼻内镜下鼻腔内造口术手术成功的关键。     

头颈部腺样囊性癌患者的预后及其影响因素分析

目的分析头颈部腺样囊性癌患者的预后及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2004-2012年我院收治的55例头颈部腺样囊性癌患者的临床资料,其中单纯手术30例,手术加术后放疗22例,放化疗1例,单纯放疗2例,接受化疗15例。接受化疗的15例患者中初治后发生转移行化疗12例,术后同步化放疗2例,同期放化疗1例。采用Kaplan-Meier法和Logrank检验分析其临床疗效和预后情况。结果 55例患者的随访率为96%,中位随访时间46个月。3年、5年总生存率分别为89.8%、77.3%,无远处转移生存率分别为81.8%、35.9%,无局部区域失败生存率分别为79.1%、56.3%。单因素分析显示T分期、术后放疗和手术切缘与总生存率相关(P<0.05),手术切缘和术后放疗与无局部区域失败生存率相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示T分期是总生存率的独立影响因素(P=0.005),手术切缘是无局部区域失败生存率的独立影响因素(P=0.047)。结论头颈部腺样囊性癌治疗应尽量手术根治切除,局部晚期推荐手术及放疗综合治疗。     

青少年腺样体及下鼻甲肥大微创治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨青少年腺样体及下鼻甲肥大微创治疗的方法及疗效.方法:对32例患者在鼻内镜下行腺样体及下鼻甲肥大的等离子消融治疗,随访6个月,观察患者的临床症状、鼻内镜及CT榆查情况.结果:32例患者全部治愈,总有效率100%,无任何并发症.结论:鼻内镜下行腺样体肥大及下鼻甲肥大的等离子消融手术直观、清晰、微创,术后并发症少,能最大限度保护鼻腔鼻咽黏膜及生理功能,值得推广应用.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.