小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

以Fura-2/AM为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂,用AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,直接测定了体外培养的新生大鼠神经细胞内游离钙([Ca²⁺]i)值,并观察了小檗碱(Ber)的影响。结果表明,Ber对神经细胞静息[Ca²⁺]i无明显影响,Ber1～100μmol·L^-1能剂量依赖地抑制去甲肾上腺素和H₂O₂引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高,其IC₅₀分别为39.9和17.9μmol·L^-1。高剂量Ber(10～100μmol·L^-1)能抑制高K+引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高。姐果提示,Ber对去甲肾上腺素,高K⁺及H₂O₂引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高的抑制作用可能是其抗脑缺血作用机制之一。     

阿米洛利对压力超负荷心肌肥厚大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙的影响

目的:观察阿米洛利预防性给药对压力超负荷心肌肥厚大鼠心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 影响。方法:以Fura-2/AM为指示剂,测定单细胞[Ca²⁺]i。结果:压力超负荷大鼠左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 升高,阿米洛利和依那普利组则[Ca²⁺]i 明显降低。给予KCl,NE刺激后,给药组左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 的增加值明显低于左室肥厚组,百日咳毒素(PTX,100 ng·L^-1) 处理5 h 后,其静息[Ca²⁺]i 无显著变化,但抑制NE诱导左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 升高,该作用在左室肥厚组更明显,对KCl 刺激引起的[Ca²⁺]i 升高,给药组无影响,左室肥厚组的升高值略有增加。结论:NE所致心肌细胞[Ca₂₊]i 升高与PTX敏感的G 蛋白有关,肥厚时此途径亢进。     

神经肽DGAVP和Org2766对神经细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

运用Ca²⁺指示剂Fura-2作为细胞内钙离子的荧光探针,利用AR—CM—MIC阳离子测定系统,检测了分离的神经细胞内游离钙及其变化,并观测了DGAVP和Org2766对蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素(ANI)引起细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca²⁺]_i)变化的影响。结果表明茴香霉素可使[Ca²⁺]_i显著升高,且有量效关系;DGAVP本身并不引起[Ca²⁺]_i发生显著变化,但适当剂量的DGAVP可显著对抗一定剂量范围内ANI升高[Ca²⁺]_i的作用,提示DGAVP对抗ANI的蛋白质合成抑制效应可能是通过拮抗ANI升高[Ca²⁺]_i这一途径实现的,另一神经肽Org2766则可能不是通过这一机制发生作用。从细胞内Ca²⁺的角度看,这两种肽的作用机理显然是不同的。     

应用Fura-2/AM检测分离的神经细胞内游离钙及其变化

本文以酶法制备新生大鼠脑细胞悬液,运用近年来发展起来的Fura-2技术,检测此神经细胞内游离钙(以下简写为[Ca²⁺]i)及其变化。结果表明:在静息状态下,其[Ca²⁺]i为240±5nmol/L。高钾去极化可使[Ca²⁺]i成倍增加.钙拮抗剂verapamil和Ilifedipinc能阻断高钾升高[Ca²⁺]i的作用。实验结果证明了所制备的神经细胞悬液的可用性及建立的Fura-2测定[Ca²⁺]i方法的可靠性。     

缺氧缺糖条件下大鼠脑皮质神经元内游离钙浓度的变化及神经生长因子的作用

以Fura-2/AM为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂,用双波长荧光分光光度计测定了缺氧缺糖时体外培养的大鼠胎鼠神经细胞内游离钙([Ca²⁺]i)的变化,并观察了神经生长因子(NGF)的影响。结果表明,脑皮质细胞缺氧缺糖培养16～24h时,细胞大量死亡。NGF剂量依赖地减少神经元缺氧缺糖培养24h时乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放,提高细胞生存力。细胞缺氧缺糖早期引起[Ca²⁺]i减少,而后期引起[Ca²⁺]i显著升高,导致细胞损害。NGF50μg·L^-1在缺氧缺糖早期提高[Ca²⁺]i到正常水平,降低后期[Ca²⁺]i的升高。提示,NGF通过稳定[Ca²⁺]i或降低后期的胞内钙升高保护了脑皮质神经元免受缺氧缺糖的损害。     

粉防己碱对胎鼠大脑细胞游离钙含量的影响

结果表明,粉防己碱(Tet)非常明显地阻断K+去极化导致的胎鼠大脑[Ca²⁺]i含量的增加。经不同浓度Tet处理的大脑细胞加入KCl后,[Ca²⁺]i含量仍基本维持在静息状态下水平。对[Ca²⁺]i的阻断程度与Tet浓度无关。Tet对L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)所致大脑[Ca²⁺]i升高亦有明显抑制作用。10^-7mol·L^-1浓度的Tet还降低BayK8644引起的[Ca²⁺]i上升高。Tet能抑制高K⁺,二氢吡啶类钙激动剂及兴奋性神经递质导致的胎鼠大脑[Ca²⁺]i含量增加,提示Tet对神经细胞损伤可能有一定保护作用。     

前胡丙素对培养大鼠心肌细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

用Fura-2/AM技术直接观察前胡丙素(Pra-C)对培养大鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙的影响。结果显示Pra-C浓度为0.1～1.0μmol·L^-1可明显抑制CaCl₂,高K⁺和Bay K 8644引起[Ca²⁺]i增加,并且有剂量—效应关系,对ouabain引起的[Ca²⁺]i增加无明显作用。结果提示Pra-C降低心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i的作用与抑制电压依赖性钙通道有关。     

眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素对大鼠心肌细胞收缩及细胞内钙离子的作用

目的研究眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素(Cardiotoxin,CTX)对心肌细胞的形态、收缩幅度和细胞内钙离子([Ca²⁺]_i)的作用。方法应用荧光计量法(以Fura-2/AM为荧光染料)及光学成像系统来测定单个心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]_i和收缩幅度。结果0.001～1μmol/L的CTX使心肌细胞由杆状变成圆形,药物的作用从第1分钟时开始,到第20分钟时趋于稳定。在电刺激存在的情况下,1μmol/L的CTX最初导致电诱导的[Ca²⁺]_i和收缩幅度瞬间增加,接下来[Ca²⁺]_i时程延长,最终细胞对电刺激不敏感、突然收缩、[Ca²⁺]_i持续增高。在缺乏电刺激的情况下,1μmol/L的CTX可诱导Ca²⁺震荡波、持续性[Ca²⁺]_i增高,这种作用与40mmol/L的KC l和10mmol/L咖啡因所引起的[Ca²⁺]_i瞬间增加不同。结论CTX作用初期使[Ca²⁺]_i增高,使细胞[Ca²⁺]_i超载,同时伴随细胞形状的改变。     

Quin2法测定人血小板胞浆游离钙浓度

应用荧光钙指示剂Quin2测定胞装游离钙浓度的方法,研究了在不同胞外游离钙浓度[Ca²⁺]₀下人血小板场急状态时及由凝血四激活后的胞装游离钙浓度[Ca²⁺]₁的变化.结果显示:凝血的可使负载Quin2的人血小板[Ca²⁺]₁呈现浓度依赖性的短暂升高,且这种作用对[Ca²⁺]₀有明显的依赖性。该项结果提示凝血酸引起的[Ca²⁺]₁升高主要来源于外钙内流,部分为内钙释放所致.     

小檗碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离Ca2+的作用

利用Fura-2技术和AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,直接观察了小檗碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内[Ca²⁺]i的影响。结果显示:小檗碱可明显升高心肌细胞静息[Ca²⁺]i且具饱合性,维拉帕米和CoCl₂对其有一定的抑制作用;小檗碱与高K⁺,高Ca²⁺,去甲肾上腺素,哇巴因合用比单用上述激动剂更能明显增高[Ca²⁺]i;维拉帕米对其有抑制作用;在胞外无外Ca²⁺和无外Ca²⁺,外K⁺,外Na⁺时,小檗碱30～200μmol·L^-1仍能升高静息[Ca²⁺]i,维拉帕米只对前者有一定抑制作用。结果提示:小檗碱可能通过促胞外Ca²⁺内流和胞内Ca²⁺释放等途径有限度地增高心肌细胞内游离Ca²⁺浓度,显示强心作用。     

Modulation of barrier function of bovine aortic and pulmonary artery endothelial cells: dissociation from cytosolic calcium content.

1. Barrier function and cytosolic free calcium content [Ca2+]i was measured in monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). 2. Thrombin (1 u ml-1) increased albumin transfer across monolayers of BPAEC but not BAEC, yet induced biphasic increases in [Ca2+]i in both endothelial cell types, consisting of a rapid, initial phasic component which decayed to a lower, more sustained plateau phase. 3. 4 beta-Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 0.3-3000 nM) increased albumin transfer across monolayers of BPAEC and BAEC, but had no effect on basal levels of [Ca2+]i in either endothelial cell type. 4. Treatment of BPAEC and BAEC with forskolin (30 microM), an activator of adenylate cyclase, had no effect on resting transfer of albumin, but inhibited that stimulated by PMA (600 nM). It also inhibited the thrombin (1 u ml-1)-induced increase in albumin transfer across monolayers of BPAEC, but enhanced the plateau phase of the associated increase in [Ca2+]i. 5. Treatment of BPAEC and BAEC with either atriopeptin II (100 nM), an activator of particulate guanylate cyclase, or 8 bromo cyclic GMP (30 microM) had no effect on resting or PMA (600 nM)-stimulated transfer of albumin. Both agents did, however, inhibit the thrombin (1 u ml-1)-induced increase in albumin transfer across monolayers of BPAEC, but had no effect on the associated increase in [Ca2+]i. 6. These data suggest a dissociation between the ability of agents that increase or decrease albumin transfer and their effects on [Ca2+]i.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cytosolic calcium increase in coronary endothelial cells after H2O2 exposure and the inhibitory effect of U78517F.

1. Cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were determined with fura-2 on both resting (unstimulated) and A23187-stimulated coronary endothelial cells following injury by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 2. Treatment of cells with H2O2 (10(-4) M) caused an increase in the resting [Ca2+]i, which reached a maximum of five fold after 3 h. 3. The increase in resting [Ca2+]i was significantly attenuated by treatment with U78517F, a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, at a concentration of 10(-6) M or greater. Catalase (50 u ml-1) also markedly inhibited the H2O2-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment with verapamil (10(-5) M), nifedipine (10(-6) M) or diltiazem (10(-5) M) had no effect on the increase in [Ca2+]i following addition of H2O2. 4. A23187 produced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained plateau. The initial peak and plateau phase responses to A23187 were augmented by H2O2. This augmentation of [Ca2+]i was suppressed by U78517F or catalase but not by Ca-entry blockers. 5. Thus, it is likely that lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i that occurs following treatment with H2O2 and that this continues in the presence of agonists which stimulate the endothelium. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels do not seem to be involved in the genesis of cellular damage associated with sustained large increases in [Ca2+]i.     

小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞内游离Ca^2＋的影响

以Ｆｕｒａ２／ＡＭ为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂，用ＡＲＣＭＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统，直接测定了体外培养的新生大鼠神经细胞内游离钙（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）值，并观察了小檗碱（Ｂｅｒ）的影响。结果表明，Ｂｅｒ对神经细胞静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无明显影响，Ｂｅｒ１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能剂量依赖地抑制去甲肾上腺素和Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，其ＩＣ５０分别为３９．９和１７．９μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。高剂量Ｂｅｒ（１０～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）能抑制高Ｋ＋引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高。姐果提示，Ｂｅｒ对去甲肾上腺素，高Ｋ＋及Ｈ２Ｏ２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的抑制作用可能是其抗脑缺血作用机制之一。     

Silica increases cytosolic free calcium ion concentration of alveolar macrophages in vitro.

Rat alveolar macrophages were exposed to silica dust (quartz) suspended in culture medium (SiO2, dry particle size less than 5 microns in diameter) and fluctuation in their cytosolic free calcium content ([Ca2+]i) was detected in cell monolayers with a fluorescent calcium probe (Indo-1AM). Cytosolic free calcium content was correlated with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, an index of cell damage. SiO2 induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ ion concentration and LDH release. [Ca2+]i was increased about fivefold when cells were exposed to 200 micrograms of SiO2 per milliliter (3 ml per dish) for 2 hr. [Ca2+]i changed within 15 min of SiO2 treatment, whereas LDH release was measurably increased only after 30 min. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ by 2 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetate did not prevent SiO2-induced fluctuation of macrophage [Ca2+]i, but did partially prevent the SiO2-induced increase in LDH release (p less than 0.01). We conclude that a very early event in SiO2-induced damage of alveolar macrophages involves mobilization of intracellular calcium pools to increase [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that SiO2-induced macrophage damage, a key event in the development of silicosis, may involve perturbation of intracellular calcium homeostasis.     

内皮细胞衍生的一氧化氮抑制凝血酶激活的兔血以Na^＋／H^＋交换

AIM: To study the effect of nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial cells on Na+/H+ exchange in rabbit platelets activated by thrombin. METHODS: Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular pH (pHi) were measured by the dual-wavelength fluorophotometer with the fluorescent probes Fura-2 and 2',7'-biscarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Effects of NO on rabbit platelets were tested by cultured bovine endothelial cells (BAEC). RESULTS: BAEC (0.1-1 x 10(9).L-1) inhibited thrombin (100 U.L-1)-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibiting effect was abolished by preincubating BAEC with NG-nitro-L-arginine 1 mmol.L-1. When the [Ca2+]i store was depleted with ionomycin in the presence of egtazic acid (EGTA), the increase in pHi induced by thrombin was inhibited. Refilling intracellular Ca2+ store partially reversed this effect. BAEC 2 x 10(8).L-1 inhibited thrombin (100 U.L-1)-induced elevation of pHi and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ store (P < 0.01). No direct effect of endothelial cells on unstimulated rabbit platelets was observed. CONCLUSION: NO derived from endothelial cells inhibited thrombin-induced rabbit platelet activation by inhibiting thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i mobilization and then inhibiting the consequent Na+/H+ exchange in rabbit platelets.     

RED BLOOD CELL IONIZED CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION: MODULATION IN VIVO BY THE CALCIUM ANTAGONIST PN 200.110

1. Altered calcium regulation has been observed in experimental and human hypertension. In this study erythrocyte (RBC) intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was compared in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls (WKY) at rest and after injection of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist PN 200.110. 2. Resting [Ca2+]i was similar in SHR and WKY. 3. PN 200.110 administration induced a rapid decrease in blood pressure in SHR and WKY. Five minutes after the injection no change in [Ca2+]i was observed; at 1 h [Ca2+]i was significantly decreased in SHR, but not in WKY. 4. These results suggest that the mutual adaptation of the rate of calcium influx through calcium channels and the activity of the calcium extruding pump differ between WKY and SHR.     

Heterologous desensitization of bradykinin-induced phosphatidylinositol response and Ca2+ mobilization by neurotensin in NG108-15 cells

The heterologous desensitization of the bradykinin (BK)-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by neurotensin was studied in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells. The addition of neurotensin to the cells resulted in an increase in [Ca2+]i and an increase in the formation of inositol phosphates in Ca2+-free medium. Pretreatment of the cells with neurotensin resulted in 43% decrease in the BK-induced increase of [Ca2+]i. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ionomycin, which causes Ca2+ release from the intracellular pool, was not decreased by pretreatment with neurotensin. This indicates that the inhibitory effect of neurotensin on the BK-induced increase of [Ca2+]i was not due to depletion of the intracellular Ca2+ pool. Pretreatment with neurotensin also caused a 47% decrease in the BK-induced formation of inositol trisphosphates (IP3). This decrease was not due to depletion of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates. Neurotensin did not inhibit [3H]BK binding to cell membranes. These results show that neurotensin desensitizes the BK responses of NG108-15 cells, heterologously, perhaps by changes in phospholipase C and/or guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein).     

丹酚酸B镁盐对缺氧复氧内皮细胞内钙和一氧化氮的影响

目的:研究丹酚酸B镁盐对缺氧复氧引起的内皮细胞内钙升高和一氧化氮释放增加的影响.方法:培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(ECV304)暴露在95％ N_2 5％CO_2条件下缺氧30分钟,后在含5％CO_2的空气中复氧30分钟.内皮细胞的损伤用染料排除实验、SOD的活性和MDA的生成来评价.胞内游离钙浓度用钙荧光探针Fura 2-AM测定.一氧化氮含量用一氧化氮试剂盒测定.内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)mRNA和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的表达用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测.结果:缺氧复氧引起内皮细胞的活力由正常条件下(93.1±1.2)％降至(88±3)％(P<0.01),SOD的活性也由(0.24±0.07)kNU/L下降到(0.18±0.03)kNU/L(P>0.05),但其使内皮细胞MDA的生成由(1.12±0.06)mmol/L增至(3.78±0.03)mmol/L(P<0.01).丹酚酸B镁盐2.5,5,10 mg/L能明显降低缺氧复氧引起的内皮细胞MDA生成量的增加,并且显著提高细胞活力和SOD的活性.同时,缺氧复氧还增加内皮细胞的胞内游离钙浓度(F_(340)/F_(380)由 1.65±0.16增至 1.89±0.28)和一氧化氮释放[由(7.5±1.3)μmol/L增至(16±5)μmol/L],并上调其eNOS mRNA的表达,但降低iNOS mRNA的表达(P<0.05).但在无钙的条件下,缺氧复氧对内皮细胞的胞内游离钙浓度、一氧化氮含量、eNOSnRNA和iNOS mRNA表达     

尼卡地平抑制dbcAMP分化的神经母细胞瘤x神经胶质瘤杂种细胞（NG1 …

AIM: To investigate the possibility of dihydropyridine inhibition of N-type calcium channels. METHODS: Effects of nifedipine and nicardipine on the high K(+)-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increase were studied by measuring [Ca2+]i using the fluorescent indicator Fura-2. RESULTS: Pretreatment of cells with nifedipine 50 mumol.L-1 inhibited the high K(+)-induced [Ca2+]i transient by about 60% (n = 3); however, pretreatment of cells with nicardipine 10 mumol.L-1 completely prevented the high K(+)-evoked [Ca2+]i increase in dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP)-differentiated NG 108-15 cells (n = 5). The high K(+)-induced [Ca2+]i increase was mediated by L- and N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) in NG 108-15 cells. CONCLUSION: Nicardipine at micromolar range inhibited both L- and N-type VSCC in dbcAMP-differentiated NG 108-15 cells whereas nifedipine mainly inhibited L-type calcium channels.     

Mechanism underlying H2O2-induced inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle

The mechanism underlying the inhibition by H2O2 of acetylcholine-induced contraction was investigated in epithelium-denuded strips of rabbit trachea. Acetylcholine (10 microM) generated a phasic, followed by a tonic increase in both the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and force. Although the acetylcholine-induced tonic contraction was around 9 times the high K+ (80 mM)-induced one, the two stimulants induced similar [Ca2+]i increases (around 0.2 microM), indicating that acetylcholine generates tonic contraction via increases in both [Ca2+]i and myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity. H2O2 (30 microM) (a) enhanced the acetylcholine-induced tonic (not phasic) increase in [Ca2+]i but attenuated both phases of the acetylcholine-induced contraction and (b) enhanced the high K+-induced increase in [Ca2+]i but did not modify the high K+-induced contraction. In beta-escin-skinned strips, application of acetylcholine in the presence of GTP enhanced the contraction induced by 0.3 microM Ca2+ so that its amplitude became similar to that induced by 1 microM Ca2+. H2O2 (30 microM) attenuated the contraction induced by 0.3 microM Ca2+ (alone or in the presence of acetylcholine) but not those induced by higher concentrations of Ca2+ alone (0.5 microM and 1 microM). These results indicate that H2O2 acts directly on contractile proteins in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle to inhibit the contraction induced by low concentrations of Ca2+ (<0.5 microM). An action of H2O2 that increases [Ca2+]i (and thereby masks this reactive-oxygen-induced inhibition of myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity) is apparent in the presence of high K+ but not of acetylcholine. Thus, in rabbit tracheal smooth muscle H2O2 downregulates myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity more potently during acetylcholine-induced contraction than during high-K+-induced contraction, leading to an effective inhibition of the former contraction.