共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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灵芝多糖的提取与检测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
灵芝是一种滋补强壮、扶正固本的传统中药。现代医药工作者对灵芝进行了广泛深入的研究,证明灵芝含有多种有效成份,具有广泛的生物学作用,其中灵芝多糖为主要有效成份之一。目前,已从赤灵芝多糖中分离鉴定了18个灵芝多糖均一体,经现代基础医学筛选研究,证实了灵芝多糖具有免疫调节,促进核酸蛋白质的合成代谢,抗衰老等一系列药理作用[’]。灵芝已有片剂、糖浆剂、胶囊剂、注射剂等剂型。其提取工艺有水提法、醇提法等。为探讨各种生产工艺与灵芝多糖有效成份提取量间的关系,本文选取与生产工艺有关的若干因素作了多糖含量测定的比… 相似文献
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目的:对天麻多糖的提取分离方法及药理作用的相关研究进行汇总分析,以期为天麻多糖的开发研究提供参考。方法:以“天麻多糖”“提取分离”“药理作用”“Rhizoma Gastrodiae polysaccharide” 及“Gastrodia elata polysaccharide”等为关键词查阅相关文献,对天麻多糖的提取纯化工艺、结构特征、 结构修饰及主要药理作用等进行综述。结果与结论:天麻多糖是天麻中主要的一类活性成分,不仅含量高,且毒副作用较低,是目前药物开发和研究的热点之一。天麻多糖的提取方法有多种,常见的主要有热水浸提法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法和酶提法。基于这些方法得到的多为天麻粗多糖,需进一步分离纯化,而常用的分离纯化方法有Sevage法、大孔树脂吸附层析法和凝胶层析法。提取纯化方法的多样性会导致天麻多糖结构产生差异,进而导致其药理活性的多样性。天麻多糖具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗衰老、改善脑缺血、改善记忆力、降血压、降血脂和抑菌等多种药理活性。结构修饰天麻多糖具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤等药理作用。因此,天麻多糖可广泛应用于医药、食品及保健品等领域, 具有重要的研究和开发价值,但其高级结构与药理作用之间的内在联系及作用机制有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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多糖是由单糖连接而成的多聚物,在自然界中分布极广,在高等植物、藻类、菌类及动物体内均有存在,是自然界含量最丰富的生物聚合物。人们对多糖的初始研究可追溯到1936年Shear对多糖抗肿瘤活性的发现。20世纪50年代,陆续发现一些真菌多糖和高等植物多糖具有明显的抑瘤活性。近年来随着天然药物化学、药理学研究的不断深入及现代仪器分析技术的发展,多糖的分离纯化及分析手段得到了突飞猛进的发展,并因其具有增强机体免疫力及抗肿瘤等药理作用,且几乎没有毒副作用,越来越引起国内外科研工作者的兴趣,成为当前的研究热点。 相似文献
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中药多糖具有抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、降血糖、降血脂、增强免疫等多种药理作用,是中药发挥临床疗效的重要组分之一。栝楼多个部位可供药用,如其果实为瓜蒌、果皮为瓜蒌皮、种子为瓜蒌子、根为天花粉,临床应用广泛。栝楼各部位多糖成分含量丰富,但由于药用部位不同,多糖的提取方法有所差异,再者不同部位所含多糖结构及药理作用也不尽相同。故此文针对瓜蒌多糖、瓜蒌皮多糖、瓜蒌子多糖和天花粉多糖的提取方法、结构特征及药理作用进行综述,以期为栝楼各药用部位多糖成分的开发与利用提供参考。 相似文献
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Prebiotic oligosaccharides, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of mostly less than 10, exhibit diverse biological activities that contribute to human health. Currently available prebiotics are mostly derived from disaccharides and simple polysaccharides found in plants. Subtle differences in the structures of oligosaccharides can cause significant differences in their prebiotic proper-ties. Therefore, alternative substances supplying polysaccharides that have more diverse and complex structures are necessary for the development of novel oligosaccharides that have actions not present in existing prebiotics. In this review, we show that structural polysaccharides found in plant cell walls, such as xylans and pectins, are particularly potential resources supplying broadly diverse polysaccharides to produce new prebiotics. 相似文献
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Lichens have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and beneficial claims have to some extent been correlated with their polysaccharide content. Of 13,500 lichen species growing worldwide, less than 100 species have been investigated for polysaccharide content. Lichen polysaccharides are mainly of three different structural types: beta-glucans, alpha-glucans, and galactomannans. In addition, a few complex heteroglycans have recently been described, such as thamnolan, a water-soluble, immunologically active heteroglycan with a novel rhamnopyranosylgalactofuranan type of structure. A number of investigations have been carried out on biological effects of lichen polysaccharides, most notably antitumour, immunomodulating, antiviral, and memory-enhancing effects. The current review summarizes present knowledge on the structural characteristics and biological activity of lichen polysaccrides. 相似文献
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Recent studies on natural products as anti-HIV agents 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Sulfated seaweed polysaccharides as antiviral agents 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Several sulfated seaweed polysaccharides show high antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, dengue virus and respiratory syncytial virus. They can be obtained in major amounts and at low costs, have low toxicity and in some cases, lack anticoagulant effects. Even if the systemic applications have many drawbacks, their structure and mode of action indicate potential for topical uses to prevent virus infection. The herpes simplex viruses attach to cells by an interaction between the envelope glycoprotein C and the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). The virus-cell complex is formed by ionic interactions between the anionic (mainly sulfate) groups in the polysaccharide and basic amino acids of the glycoprotein, and non-ionic ones depending on hydrophobic amino acids interspersed between the basic ones in the glycoprotein-binding zone. Hypothesis are advanced of the corresponding hydrophobic structures in the polysaccharides. The antiviral activity of the sulfated seaweed polysaccharides is based on the formation of formally similar complexes that block the interaction of the viruses with the cells. Correlations are established between different structural parameters and antiviral activity. The minimal, ionic and hydrophobic, structures in the seaweed polysaccharides were hypothesized by comparison of the polysaccharides with the known minimal binding structure in HS/heparin, together with a correlation between those structures of the polysaccharides and their antiviral activity. 相似文献