首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
张莉滟 《中国医药》2013,8(5):684-686
目的评价硫酸异帕米星对临床常见革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床用药提供参考。方法采用美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)推荐的K—B琼脂法测定临床常见的14种致病菌(各30株)对异帕米星和其他抗菌药物的敏感性,并对结果进行分析。结果对于革兰阳性菌甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),异帕米星的体外抗菌作用低于万古霉素,MRSA对异帕米星敏感率为30.0%(9株),优于氨苄西林/舒巴坦和左氧氟沙星;异帕米星对溶血葡萄球菌的敏感率为93.3%(28株),仅次于万古霉素。对于革兰阴性菌,尤其是大肠埃希菌非产酶株、大肠埃希菌产酶株、肺炎克雷伯菌非产酶株、肺炎克雷伯菌产酶株、阴沟肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌(非痰标本),异帕米星对它们的敏感率分别为100.0%(30株)、86.7%(26株)、100.0%(30株)、100.0%(30株)、100.0%(30株)、100.0%(30株)、96.7%(29株),显示出良好的抗菌作用;对于嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,异帕米星与产酶抑制剂(头孢哌酮舒巴坦或哌拉西林他唑巴坦)有良好的协同抗菌活性。结论异帕米星对各种常见细菌的抗菌作用较强,在临床耐药性病细菌感染的治疗和联合用药中可供临床参考。  相似文献   

2.
氨基糖苷类抗菌新药──异帕米星方红,张婴元(上海医科大学抗生素研究所,上海200040)关键词异帕米星;氨基糖苷类;抗生素类;微生物敏感试验异帕米星(isepamicin)为一种新的半合成氨基糖苷(昔名氨基糖甙)类抗生素,是在庆大霉素B(gentam...  相似文献   

3.
异帕米星的体外抗菌活性及临床应用   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的 :观察异帕米星 (isepamicin)对细菌感染的治疗效果和体外抗菌活性。方法 :按美国NC CLS药敏纸片扩散法检测 12 3株临床分离菌对异帕米星和其他 17种抗生素的敏感性。 4 1例次 (36例 )细菌感染病人接受异帕米星 4 0 0mg·d- 1,静脉滴注 ,疗程 8d±s3d。结果 :革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌对异帕米星的耐药率分别为 2 6 % (6 / 2 3)和 10 %(10 / 10 0 )。临床治愈率 2 7% (11/ 4 1) ,有效率6 1% (2 5 / 4 1) ,细菌清除率 80 % (33/ 4 1)。结论 :异帕米星对所观察的致病菌有良好的抗菌活性 ,治疗常见感染有满意疗效  相似文献   

4.
目的 分析苯唑西林和万古霉素对金葡菌儿童株和成人株的体外抗菌活性差异。方法用纸片扩散法检测苯唑西林和万古霉素对金葡菌的抑菌圈直径,用E-test法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC),比较两种抗生素对金葡菌儿童株和成人株的抗菌活性。结果 纸片扩散法和E-test法检测金葡菌的药敏结果基本一致,E—test法结果显示儿童临床分离株对苯唑西林的敏感、中介和耐药率分别为88.2%、3.2%和8.6%,MIC50和MIC90分别为0.75和3.0μg/ml,成人临床分离株的敏感、中介和耐药率分别为28.2%、2.6%和69.2%。MIC50和MIC60均〉256ug/ml,成人株对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于儿童株(r=107.1,P〈0.001)。所有菌株均对万古霉素敏感,其中儿童临床分离株的MIC50和MIC60分别为1.5和2.0μg/ml,成人临床分离株的MIC50和MIC60均为4.0μg/ml。结论 金葡菌成人株对万古霉索和苯唑西林的耐药性高于儿童株,临床应根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗生素,避免抗生素滥用。  相似文献   

5.
20种抗菌药物对肺炎链球菌的体外抗菌活性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:评价莫西沙星等20种常用抗菌药物对临床分离的60株肺炎链球菌的体外抗菌活性。方法:采用微量肉汤稀释法测定20种抗菌药物对肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:60株肺炎链球菌中有青霉素敏感的肺炎链球菌(PSSP)42株(71.7%),青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌(PNSSP)18株(28.3%);其中,青霉素耐药的肺炎链球菌(PRSP)有2株(3.3%)。对PSSP菌株,20种抗菌药物中敏感率较高的药物有头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、加替沙星、莫西沙星、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸,敏感率均为100%;耐药率较高的药物有红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素,耐药率分别为83-3%,83-3%,74.7%,74.7%。对PNSSP菌株,敏感率较高的药物有阿莫西林/克拉维酸、莫西沙星、头孢噻肟、加替沙星、左氧氟沙星,敏感率分别为100%,100%,88.8%,94.4%,94.4%;耐药率较高的药物有红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素,耐药率均为66.7%。20种抗菌药物对60株肺炎链球菌的累积抑菌百分率曲线显示莫西沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的抑菌能力最强。结论:肺炎链球菌对大环内酯类、复方新诺明、磷霉素等抗菌药物的耐药率较高,第三、四代氟喹诺酮类药物(左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、加替沙星)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸及第三代头孢菌素中的头孢噻肟、头孢曲松等对肺炎链球菌(包括PNSSP)有很好的抗菌活性,提示其可作为高度耐药肺炎链球菌感染的首选药物。  相似文献   

6.
目的:观察异帕米星对下呼吸道感染的疗效。方法:下呼吸道感染42例(男性32例,女性10例;年龄56±s13a),以异帕米星注射液400mg/d,静脉滴注,疗程8.7±2.3d.结果:临床有效率81%(34/42),细菌清除率69%(24/35)。临床分离的61株革兰阴性(G-)杆菌作体外药敏测定显示对异帕米星的耐药率为30%,明显低于庆大霉素的耐药率(48%)。结论;异帕米星治疗下呼吸道感染疗效满意。  相似文献   

7.
目的研究头孢吡肟等5种抗生素对革兰阴性杆菌抗菌活性。方法用纸片扩散法对临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌进行药敏检测,比较头孢吡肟与其他4种临床常用抗生素的抗菌活性。结果分离出245株革兰阴性杆菌。其中:以不动杆菌(48.2%)和铜绿假单胞菌(11.0%)为主的非发酵菌占65.3%。多数革兰阴性杆菌对头孢类菌素的敏感率为44%~68%;除嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌外,其他革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南敏感率最高为93.9%。头孢吡肟对阴沟肠杆菌的抗菌活性优于头孢他啶和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦;而对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的抗菌活性明显较低,其他与头孢他啶相近;2004年较2003年,头孢吡肟除对肺炎克雷伯菌抗菌活性略升高外,对其他革兰阴性杆菌均有不同程度降低;而头孢他啶和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦抗菌活性保持稳定。结论第4代头孢菌素头孢吡肟可用于ICU危重病人抗感染治疗。  相似文献   

8.
异帕米星治疗下呼吸道感染   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:观察异帕米星对下呼吸道感染的疗效。方法:下呼吸道感染42例(男性32例,女性10例;年龄56±s13a),以异帕米星注射液400mg/d,静脉滴注,疗程8.7±2.3d。结果:临床有效率81%(34/42),细菌清除率69%(24/35)。临床分离的61株革兰阴性(G^-)杆菌作体外药敏测定显示对异帕米星的耐药率为30%,明显低于庆大霉素的耐药率为30%,明显低于庆大霉素的耐药率(48%),  相似文献   

9.
泰宁等7种抗菌药物对临床常见致病菌抗菌活性的比较   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
用琼脂平板稀释法测定泰宁等7种抗菌药物对5种215株临床常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),井统计敏感率。结果表明7种抗菌药物对大多数受试菌均显示较高的抗菌活性,其中泰宁的抗菌活性最强。金葡球菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷白氏菌对泰宁的敏感率达97.6~100%;绿脓假单胞菌17.02%耐药,绿脓假单胞菌4.26~12.77%和肺炎克雷白氏菌1株对泰宁和其他抗菌药物呈现部分交叉耐药性,而CPLX与其他抗菌药物对不同受试菌呈现2.38~19.05%的交叉耐药率。该结果提示对其他β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药的致病引起的严重感染,可考虑选用泰宁,但CPLX的选用还应根据药敏试验决定。  相似文献   

10.
老年患者葡萄球菌耐性监测和用药对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 分析老年患者葡萄球菌感染的特点,以指导其治疗。方法 利用全自动细菌分析系统鉴定菌种和测定抗生素体外抗菌活性。结果 老年患者葡萄球菌感染以金葡球菌为主,占89.0%;98.0%菌株产β-内酰胺酶,91.7%菌株是耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌,85.9%菌株菌三种以上不同种类抗生素。万古霉素敏感率为100%,呋喃妥因为98.8%,其他抗生素体外抗菌活性不高。结论:老年患者预防耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌比治疗有更积极的意义,更应该合理使用抗生素。  相似文献   

11.
In order to find new antibacterial agents effective against Staphylococcus aureus, ethanolic extracts of 10 plants were tested. S. aureus (489 samples) were isolated either from healthy carriers (nose and throat) or clinical samples. Out of 489 isolates tested, 98.6% were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which was used as the reference antibiotic. From the plant extracts screened for antibacterial activity, Myrtus communis L. (leaves) had the greatest activity, inhibiting the growth of 99% of the isolates. Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Eucalyptus globolus Labill and Menta viridis L., were also active against the isolates inhibiting the growth of 90, 59.5 and 48.7% of the isolates, respectively. All of these extracts were active against the reference strains of S. aureus tested. Saturia hortensis L., Teucrium polium L., and Achillea santolina L., had very little antibacterial activity, while Trigonella foenum graecum L., Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey (flowers) and Juglans regia L. (leaves), had no antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates.  相似文献   

12.
The combined effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and beta-lactams were investigated against various beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates, including 21 Staphylococcus aureus, 6 Escherichia coli, 3 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8 Serratia marcescens strains. Penicillin in combination with EGCg at 12.5 microg mL(-1) showed the most potent synergy against 100% penicillinase-producing S. aureus. However, cefotaxime or imipenem in combination with higher concentration of EGCg (100 microg mL(-1)) only showed slight synergy against 2 of 17 Gram-negative rods. Similar to the effect on the penicillinase from S. aureus, however, EGCg also directly inhibited the extracted beta-lactamases from the Gram-negative rods, thereby protecting beta-lactams from inactivation. The different effects of the combinations on different beta-lactamase-producing species were confirmed to be related to the cellular locations of beta-lactamases. In contrast to a 32.7% extracellular fraction of total beta-lactamase activity in a penicillinase-producing S. aureus, the fractions were 0.6%, 0.6% and 1.2% in a TEM-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli, an inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae and an IMP-producing S. marcescens, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of penicillin with EGCg showed potent synergy against penicillinase-producing S. aureus in-vitro. The combinations of beta-lactams and EGCg against beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative rods do indicate a limitation owing to the cellular location of beta-lactamases.  相似文献   

13.
Nisin, an amphipathic antibiotic peptide, is produced by a number of strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. It has been employed as a food preservative as it has a high antibacterial activity with a relatively low toxicity for humans. Nisin is known to exert a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive but not Gram-negative bacteria. However, purified nisin Z was found to show an antibacterial activity both against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. To clarify the mechanisms of activity, nisin Z and purified nisin Z were tested for their antibacterial activities in a high-salt environment. The activity of nisin Z against Staphylococcus aureus was stable even in the presence of NaCl at 100 mM, showing ca. 2log colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction. In contrast, the activity of nisin Z against Escherichia coli was highly sensitive to the same concentration of NaCl, and CFU reduction was not observed. Furthermore, purified nisin Z caused the permeabilisation both of S. aureus and E. coli cytoplasmic membranes. The permeabilisation of E. coli but not S. aureus cytoplasmic membranes was remarkably reduced in a high-salt environment. Moreover, vancomycin inhibited the nisin Z-induced permeabilisation of the S. aureus cytoplasmic membrane. These results suggest that nisin Z utilises two distinct mechanisms of antibacterial activity: a high-salt-sensitive mechanism for E. coli and a high-salt-insensitive mechanism for S. aureus.  相似文献   

14.
目的了解金黄色葡萄球菌对夫西地酸的耐药现状及耐药性改变。方法通过琼脂稀释法测定2010年连续收集的260株和2007年收集的220株金黄色葡萄球菌对夫西地酸的MIC值,用K-B纸片法测定这些菌株对万古霉素等7种抗生素的抑菌圈直径。结果 480株金黄色葡萄球菌中对夫西地酸耐药的只有4株,耐药率为0.83%,2007年和2010年收集的菌株对夫西地酸的MIC50均为0.25mg/L,MIC90均为0.5mg/L,纸片法测定结果:所有菌株对万古霉素敏感,2007年的菌株57.8%耐甲氧西林,2010年的菌株76.9%耐甲氧西林。结论夫西地酸对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性很强,而且2007年和2010年菌株的抗菌活性无多大改变。  相似文献   

15.
目的 考察自主研发的协定方中药“金贯蓝”提取物对寻常痤疮三种主要致病菌(痤疮丙酸杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)的体外抑菌效果,为其临床治疗寻常痤疮提供一定实验依据。方法 2021年1月至2022年3月采用琼脂打孔法考察金贯蓝提取物对三种痤疮相关致病菌的抑菌活性,并评估不同浓度药物对上述菌的抗菌作用是否具有浓度相关性;采用倍比稀释法测定药物最低抑菌浓度以及最小杀菌浓度,绘制药物时间抑菌曲线进一步考察其作用特点。结果 500 g/L金贯蓝提取物对C. acnes、S. epidermidis、S. aureus的抑菌圈直径分别为(27.67±2.52)mm、(23.33±1.53)mm、(22.00±1.00)mm;浓度为250 g/L金贯蓝提取物对C. acnes、S. epidermidis、S. aureus的抑菌圈直径分别为(22.33±0.58)mm、(20.67±1.53)mm、(20.11±1.20)mm;浓度为100 g/L金贯蓝提取物对C. acnes、S. epidermidis、S. aureus的抑菌圈直径分别为(13.30±0.75)mm、(10.67±1....  相似文献   

16.
The in vitro activity of HR 756, a new cephalosporin, has been determined against recent clinical isolates and compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. The geometric means of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for different isolates of Escherichia coli (100 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (84), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (121), Proteus mirabilis (52), indole-positive Proteus species (9), Salmonella species (19), Staphylococcus aureus penicillin-sensitive (29) and penicillin-resistant (39) were: 0.095, 0.124, 11.1, 0.095, 0.0107, 0.078, 1 and 0.95 mcg/ml, respectively. Its activity was affected by rise in inoculum against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa but not against K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Bactericidal activity was determined by membrane filtration method. HR 756 was found to be bactericidal to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Proteus species. Although the MICs of the tested S. aureus strains were 1 mcg/ml, 5 mcg/ml of HR 756 failed to kill 99% of the inoculum within 24 hours.  相似文献   

17.
加替沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
考察加替沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌活性以及抗MRSA的能力。采用药敏纸片法(K-B法),从129株临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌筛选对甲氧西林和氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药菌株,用琼脂二倍稀释法对交叉耐药菌进行MIC测试,比较了加替沙星与环丙沙星等第二代氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药菌株,用琼脂二倍稀释法对交叉耐药菌进行MIC测试,比较了加替沙星与环丙沙星等第二代氟喹诺酮类药物的抗菌活性。用苯唑西林筛选三代自发突变株,比较环丙沙星、加替沙星对MRSA的抗菌活性。实验表明,苯唑西林、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星对129株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药率相似。体外活性表明,加替沙星比环丙沙星等第二代氟喹诺酮类药物的抗菌活性强,抗MRSA菌株的活性较强;敏感金黄色葡萄球菌发生加替沙星耐药的突变频率在所试药物中也是最低的。说明加替沙星比环丙沙星等第二代氟喹诺酮类药物的抗菌活性得到明显提高。  相似文献   

18.
As a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (CZOP), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, and carbapenems. Changes in the bacterial sensitivity for CZOP were also evaluated with the resistance ratio calculated with breakpoint MIC. Sixteen species (1,913 strains) of Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from 1996 to 2000, and consisted of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; n = 178), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; n = 199), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE; n = 98), methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE; n = 164), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 72), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 28), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 206), Enterococcus faecium (n = 91), Enterococcus avium (n = 72), Streptococcus pyogenes (n = 133), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 138), penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP; n = 133), penicillin-intermediate resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP; n = 100), penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP; n = 29), Streptococcus milleri group (n = 135) and Peptostreptococcus spp. (n = 137). CZOP possessed comparable antibacterial activities against MSSA and MSSE to other cephems, and was also effective on MRSE but not on MRSA. An antibacterial activity of CZOP against S. saprophyticus was comparable to or higher than other cephems. CZOP, however, did not indicate an antibacterial activity against S. haemolyticus, just like other cephems. An antibacterial activity of CZOP against E. faecalis was comparable to cefpirome (CPR) and higher than other cephems. No antibacterial activity of CZOP against E. faecium and E. avium was observed, just like other drugs. An antibacterial activity of CZOP against S. pyogenes was as potent as that of cefotiam (CTM), cefepime (CFPM) and CPR, and that against S. agalactiae was also preferable. CZOP and other cephems also had a preferable antibacterial activity against S. milleri group that was most sensitive to benzylpenicillin. An antibacterial activity of CZOP against Peptostreptococcus spp. was preferable but weaker than that of cefazolin, CTM and cefmetazole. The resistance ratio estimated with breakpoint MIC of CZOP was 96.5% in MRSA, 93.1% in PRSP, 60.0% in PISP, 40.3% in S. haemolyticus, 22.3% in E. faecalis, and 15.9% in MRSE. Those resistance ratios were similar to those for CFPM, but E. faecalis showed 90.8% resistance for CFPM. The difference in the resistance ratio of E. faecalis demonstrated that CZOP successfully maintained its antibacterial activity against this species. In conclusion, no remarkable annual change in the antibacterial activities of CZOP against the Gram-positive bacteria was observed. The sensitivities of PISP and PRSP to CZOP, however, was suggested to be decreasing.  相似文献   

19.
目的 评价左氧氟沙星(喹诺酮类抗菌药)与磷霉素(合成抗菌药)联用对30株金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌效应.方法 用棋盘法设计,微量肉汤稀释法测定不同浓度组合的抗菌药物对15株甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和15株甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的最低抑菌浓度,并计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)判定联合效应.结果 左氧氟沙星与磷霉素联用后,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50显著降低,15株MSSA:HCI≤0.5占36.4%;0.52为0.15株MRSA:HCI≤0.5占81.8%;0.52为0.结论 体外左氧氟沙星与磷霉素联用对30株金黄色葡萄球菌主要为协同和相加作用.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号