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1.
目的 利用实时细胞分析(RTCA)Cardio系统,通过体外细胞实验及整体动物实验评价速效救心丸抗心律失常作用。方法 培养原代大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,接种于E-Plate Cardio 96,分析3 600/孔、20 000/孔以及90 000/孔接种浓度心肌细胞的细胞指数(CI)和搏动图形;MTT法检测速效救心丸(10、20、40、80、160 μg/mL)对原代心肌细胞活力的影响;考察速效救心丸(160 μg/mL)对乌头碱(8 μmol/L)诱发心律失常的心肌细胞搏动频率、搏动幅度的影响;舌下iv乌头碱50 μg/kg制备大鼠心律失常模型,利用八导生理记录仪观察速效救心丸(54、270 mg/kg)对Ⅱ导联心电图的影响。结果 20 000/孔为最佳接种浓度,CI值在观察时间内成对数生长,细胞形成同步搏动,波形正常且持续时间长;在10~160μg/mL浓度范围内,速效救心丸对心肌细胞活力均没有明显影响。RTCA Cardio系统检测结果显示,与模型组比较,速效救心丸能显著降低心肌细胞搏动速率(P<0.01)、显著增加心肌细胞的搏动幅度(P<0.01)。动物实验发现,速效救心丸能有效对抗乌头碱诱导的心律失常、改善乌头碱对实验动物RR间期的抑制作用和对心率的促进作用、降低乌头碱诱导的室颤发生率(P<0.01、0.001)。结论 RTCA Cardio系统能实现对心肌细胞的实时监测,可以检测心肌细胞的搏动情况;速效救心丸能有效对抗乌头碱诱导的心律失常。  相似文献   

2.
次乌头碱对乳大鼠原代培养心肌细胞的毒性作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨次乌头碱(HA)对心肌细胞的毒性作用。方法制备乳大鼠原代心肌细胞,用锥虫蓝染色法检测心肌细胞存活率,用小鼠抗大鼠α横纹肌肌动蛋白和兔抗大鼠纤连蛋白多克隆抗体免疫化学染色法鉴定心肌细胞。制备的原代细胞培养3~4d,分别加入HA0,3,6,30,60和120μmol·L-1培养5,15,30和60min,记录每组细胞搏动频率;以HA体外引起心肌细胞搏动消失的浓度及作用时间为依据,将心肌细胞分为培养基对照,二甲亚砜(DMSO)对照,HA30,60和120μmol·L-1组,分别连续培养5,15,30和60min,比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化。结果与HA0μmol·L-1组比较,HA30μmol·L-1与心肌细胞作用5,15,30和60min时细胞搏动频率增加,由40±26,42±27,38±19和(20±10)min-1分别增加到114±27,98±32,100±32和(49±13)min-1(n=12,P<0.01);HA120μmol·L-1立即导致心肌细胞停搏。不同浓度的HA随着作用时间的延长,导致LDH漏出率不同程度的增加,其中HA30,60和120μmol·L-1作用60min时细胞LDH漏出率分别为(29±8)%,(42±10)%和(57±9)%与同一时间点DMSO组比较有明显差异(P<0.01)。倒置显微镜观察发现,随着HA浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,心肌细胞有死亡现象。结论 HA对心肌细胞有毒性作用,主要表现为细胞搏动频率加快,细胞膜稳定性破坏;HA120μmol·L-1与心肌细胞作用超过120min会引起少量心肌细胞死亡。  相似文献   

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目的观察二氢石蒜碱(dihydrolycorine,DL)对Wistar大鼠的乳鼠培养心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤(H/R)的保护作用。方法采用培养的Wistar乳鼠的心肌细胞,建立H/R损伤模型,检测指标包括:①心肌细胞存活率;②超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;③丙二醛(MDA)含量;④乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性。结果模型组缺氧后心肌细胞存活率降低,复氧后进一步下降,各个时间点细胞内SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性升高,与正常组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01);在DL1、10、100μmol·L-1组,随着给药浓度的增加,细胞存活率升高,LDH活性变低,MDA含量逐渐趋于恢复正常,SOD活性逐渐回升,表明经DL干预之后,心肌细胞抗损伤能力加强,发生损伤的程度减轻。结论DL对培养的乳鼠心肌细胞H/R损伤具有保护作用,其作用在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系,机制可能与其阻断α、β受体、抑制心肌细胞脂质过氧化反应有关。  相似文献   

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摘要:目的:通过体内和体外实验探讨吴茱萸碱对心脏的毒性。方法:原代培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,采用CCK-8检测试剂盒观察不同浓度吴茱萸碱对大鼠心肌细胞生存活力影响,同时观察不同浓度吴茱萸碱对心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量、丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响;利用斑马鱼在体实验,测定吴茱萸碱最大非致死浓度(MNLC)和10%致死浓度(LC10),并观察吴茱萸碱对斑马鱼心率、心律和心脏形态学改变。结果:31.3μg·ml-1浓度及以上的吴茱萸碱可降低心肌细胞生存活力,增加LDH释放量和MDA水平,降低SOD活性。吴茱萸碱对斑马鱼的MNLC为113.4 ng·ml-1,LC10为354 ng·ml-1。与对照组相比,吴茱萸碱可导致斑马鱼心率降低,心律无明显变化,心包形态学改变和静脉窦和动脉球直线距离增大。结论:通过在体和离体试验发现吴茱萸碱对心脏具有一定的毒性,可能与氧化应激有关。  相似文献   

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目的确定萌化钴(CoCl2)对乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法采用达氏修正依氏(DMEM)/F12(1∶1)培养基原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,3d后分别给予浓度200、400、600μmol/L的CoCl2培养24h,对照组不加CoCl2。锥虫蓝染色检测细胞存活力,Hochest33258荧光染色检测细胞凋亡,用Western Blot检测缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)蛋白水平。结果与对照组比较,CoCl2培养组细胞存活率明显下降(P<0.01),凋亡率明显增加(P<0.01),且心肌细胞存活率下降程度及细胞凋亡率睁加程度均随着氯化钴浓度增加而升高。HIF-1α蛋白水平亦随CoCl2浓度升高而增加。结论CoCl2可模拟缺氧诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡。  相似文献   

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乌头碱对大鼠卵巢黄体细胞的毒性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 研究乌头碱对体外培养的卵巢黄体细胞的毒性.方法 无菌下制备25~29日龄雌性SD大鼠的卵巢黄体细胞,并通过透射电镜观察管嵴状线粒体来鉴定细胞.用MTT法检测0、0.05、0.5、5、50μg·mL-1的乌头碱对大鼠卵巢黄体细胞活力、激素分泌功能的影响,及对大鼠黄体细胞的氧化损伤作用.结果 与溶剂对照组比较,作用24h后,50μg·mL-1乌头碱可明显抑制大鼠黄体细胞的增殖,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);0.5、5、50μg·mL-1乌头碱对孕酮的分泌明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 乌头碱浓度高于5×102ng·mL-1时,对雌性大鼠卵巢黄体细胞有毒性作用,主要表现为抑制黄体细胞的增殖及抑制激素的分泌.  相似文献   

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目的探讨丹红注射液(DH)预处理对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用及其相关机制。方法建立乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型,分离培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,在培养3d后随机分为5组(每组实验重复6次):正常对照(control)组、缺氧/复氧(A/R)组,丹红注射液低剂量(终浓度为0.2μmol/ml)(DHL+A/R)组,丹红注射液中剂量(终浓度为0.6μmol/ml)(DHM+A/R)组,丹红注射液高剂量(终浓度为1.8μmol/ml)(DHH+A/R)组。测定各组心肌细胞存活率,培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,以及细胞内ATP水平。结果与对照组比较,A/R组心肌细胞存活率、细胞培养液中SOD活性和细胞内ATP水平均明显降低(均P<0.01),而培养液中LDH水平明显增加(P<0.01)。与A/R组比较,DH+A/R各剂量组心肌细胞存活率、细胞内SOD含量和细胞内ATP水平均明显增加(均P<0.01),而培养液中LDH水平均明显降低(P<0.01);其中又以DHH+A/R组细胞的存活率升高明显,与DHL+A/R组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论丹红注射液预处理可减轻心肌细胞A/R损伤,其机制可能为丹红注射液增加了细胞的内源性抗氧化剂活性,改善了心肌细胞能量代谢;且在一定范围内呈剂量依赖性,随着剂量的升高,保护作用更明显。  相似文献   

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目的以乌头碱为工具药,建立基于实时细胞分析(real-time cell analysis, RTCA Cardio)系统的体外心律失常检测技术,为抗心律失常药物的研发提供可靠方法。方法利用八导生理记录仪从整体动物水平检测乌头碱对实验大鼠心律的影响;体外培养心肌细胞,首先利用RTCA方法考察心肌细胞的接种密度,利用RTCA Cardio系统监测乌头碱对心肌细胞搏动的影响,分析细胞的CI值、细胞搏动频率、振幅、不规则性节律等。结果八导生理记录仪检测50 mg·g~(-1)乌头碱对整体动物的影响结果发现乌头碱可诱发室速、室颤、RR间期缩短以及心率增加等心律失常的表现;RTCA Cardio系统显示2~8μmol·L~(-1)乌头碱可呈剂量依赖性的导致心肌细胞搏动频率增加、搏动幅度降低、搏动状态异常等心律失常现象。结论 RTCA Cardio系统可以快速、敏感、准确检测乌头碱诱导的心肌细胞心律失常现象,为抗心律失常药物的研发提供了方法学参考。  相似文献   

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目的 探讨五甲基槲皮素(PMQ)预处理对大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(A/R)损伤的保护作用及其线粒体功能的影响。方法 原代培养SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,经终浓度分别为10,30,100 μmol·L-1 PMQ预处理24 h后,制作A/R损伤,检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 活性、四唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞存活率、流式细胞法检测线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡情况、线粒体肿胀法检测各组心肌细胞线粒体mPTP开放情况。结果 不同剂量PMQ(10, 30,100 μmol·L-1)预处理24 h后可剂量依赖性的降低LDH活性、增加细胞存活率、减少细胞凋亡(P 〈0.05或P 〈0.01);30, 100 μmol·L-1 PMQ预处理24 h后,线粒体膜电位更为稳定、mPTP开放减少(P 〈0.05或P 〈0.01)。结论 PMQ预处理24 h后,可产生药理性延迟保护作用,机制与其稳定线粒体膜电位、抑制mPTP开放,进而减少细胞凋亡有关。  相似文献   

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本文观察了桂利嗪(Ci)对体外培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞自发性搏动频率动作电位的影响及对乌头碱的拮抗作用。结果表明:Ci能降低劝作电位的最大上升速率和动作电位幅度;能减少心肌细胞的自发性搏动频率;及能拮抗乌头碱增加心肌细胞自发性搏动频率的作用。提示Ci可能有抑制心肌细胞快钠通道的作用。  相似文献   

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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

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