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1.
Satellite cell self-renewal   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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2.
Skeletal muscle has a tremendous ability to regenerate, attributed to a well-defined population of muscle stem cells called satellite cells. However, this ability to regenerate diminishes with age and can also be dramatically affected by multiple types of muscle diseases, or injury. Extrinsic and/or intrinsic defects in the regulation of satellite cells are considered to be major determinants for the diminished regenerative capacity. Maintenance and replenishment of the satellite cell pool is one focus for muscle regenerative medicine, which will be discussed. There are other sources of progenitor cells with myogenic capacity, which may also support skeletal muscle repair. However, all of these myogenic cell populations have inherent difficulties and challenges in maintaining or coaxing their derivation for therapeutic purpose. This review will highlight recent reported attributes of these cells and new bioengineering approaches to creating a supply of myogenic stem cells or implants applicable for acute and/or chronic muscle disorders.  相似文献   

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The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize skeletal muscle satellite cells from rats using tissue block culture method. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) level Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to isolate skeletal muscle satellite cells. Morphology, expression and distribution of α-actin and Desmin within the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle satellite cells were compared with those of C2C12 myoblasts. The results showed that tissue block culturing method achieved robust proliferation and excellent differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry results showed that α-actin and Desmin proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of both skeletal muscle satellite cells and myoblasts. We concluded that tissue block culturing method can obtain highly purified skeletal muscle satellite cells with robust proliferation and excellent differentiation capabilities.  相似文献   

5.
1. In adult mammals, skeletal muscle mass is maintained through a precise balance of protein synthesis and protein degradation, whereas during development cellular (not protein) turnover predominates. When protein balance is shifted towards synthesis, skeletal muscle hypertrophy ensues. In contrast, increased protein degradation leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I is among the best documented of the growth factors and regulates skeletal muscle mass by increasing protein synthesis and decreasing protein degradation. However, an IGF‐I‐independent growth pathway has been identified that involves the activation of β‐adrenoceptors and subsequent skeletal muscle growth, development and hypertrophy. 2. Although the importance of β‐adrenergic signalling in the heart has been well documented and continues to receive significant attention, it is only more recently that we have started to appreciate the importance of this signalling pathway in skeletal muscle structure and function. Studies have identified an important role for β‐adrenoceptors in myogenesis and work from our laboratory has identified a novel role for β‐adrenoceptors in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration after myotoxic injury. In addition, new data suggest that β‐adrenoceptors are markedly upregulated during differentiation of C2C12 cells. 3. It is now clear that β‐adrenoceptors play an important role in regulating skeletal muscle structure and function. Importantly, a clearer understanding of the pathways regulating skeletal muscle mass may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of muscle wasting disorders, including sarcopenia, cancer cachexia and the muscular dystrophies.  相似文献   

6.
1. When rats were fed with clenbuterol for 7 days skeletal muscle mass increased by 21% in the tonic soleus and phasic plantaris muscles and a 16% hypertrophy of the heart was also induced. Fenbufen, fed to rats for the same period, blocked the hypertrophy of the heart but not that of the skeletal muscles. 2. When feeding of fenbufen commenced 3 days before the administration of clenbuterol, plasma prosta-glandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was reduced by 79%; there was again no effect of fenbufen on clenbuterol-induced increases in the RNA or protein content of plantaris, nor in the increased area of fast or slow twitch fibres in the soleus. In the heart the clenbuterol-induced increases in the RNA (+21%) and protein content (+20%) were totally inhibited. 3. The effects of clenbuterol on heart muscle appear to be mediated by a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid whilst the effects on skeletal muscle are not.  相似文献   

7.
Testosterone affects behavior. Whether regular physical training does influence these effects is unknown. The assumption that testosterone induces muscular hypertrophy if combined with physical training has not been confirmed experimentally. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether activity and/or testosterone treatment affects depression-like behavior and to observe the effects of activity and testosterone on muscle fiber diameter.Forty-three male rats were divided into 4 groups: two groups (TST act and TST lazy) were treated with testosterone (5 mg/kg) and two groups were used as control (CTRL act and CTRL lazy). Two of the groups (CTRL act and TST act) underwent 2 weeks of exercise. The forced swim test was used as a test of depression-like behavior. Sex steroids were measured and the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers was evaluated.Testosterone was significantly higher in both testosterone-treated groups (p < 0.001). Physically active groups had higher immobility times in the forced swim test than inactive groups. Groups CTRL act and TST lazy showed significantly larger diameter of muscle fibers in comparison to the TST act group.Our results suggest that physical activity induces depression-like behavior in rats. Controversial antagonistic effects of testosterone and physical activity on muscle fiber diameter were found.  相似文献   

8.
Adult skeletal muscles have a vigorous regenerative capacity in response to chemical, mechanical or physical injuries. Muscle satellite cells play a critical role in skeletal muscle regeneration. Activated satellite cells (myoblasts) proliferate and then differentiate. Differentiated myoblasts fuse with each other to form multinucleated myotubes, and the growth of myotubes is induced by both fusion with additional myoblasts and reinnervation of motor neurons. Cellular and molecular events underlying the regenerative processes are regulated by critical factors, which are produced by satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes, extracellular matrix and inflammatory cells. Galectin-1 is abundantly synthesized in adult skeletal muscles, but its roles in muscle regeneration have not been fully elucidated. We reviewed previous studies on the function of galectin-1 regarding myogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and discussed the roles of this lectin in regenerating skeletal muscles based on our observations. In intact adult muscles, galectin-1 was associated with basement membranes of myofibers. After muscle injury, galectin-1 immunoreactivity was increased within the cytoplasm of activated satellite cells. Thereafter, differentiated myoblasts lost galectin-1 immunoreactivity, but galectin-1 expression associated with basement membranes was detected in myotubes. Administration of anti-galectin-1 antibody, which perturbs the function of galectin-1, decreased the size of myotubes. Furthermore, muscle injury induced abundant expression of galectin-1 in damaged intramuscular nerve axons. We conclude that galectin-1 is a novel factor that promotes both myoblast fusion and axonal growth following muscle injury, and consequently, regulates myotube growth in regenerating skeletal muscles.  相似文献   

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女贞子及其活性成分熊果酸、红景天苷等具有胰岛素样作用,对骨骼肌产生正性作用,即促进骨骼肌利用糖和脂质,增强肌糖原和肌蛋白合成,增加骨骼肌质量、快肌纤维和慢肌纤维体积,并促进快肌纤维向慢肌纤维转化。熊果酸还能刺激肌卫星细胞增殖、成肌细胞肌性分化,促进骨骼肌中新的肌细胞生长,促使骨骼肌强壮。其次,女贞子及其活性成分下调骨骼肌特异性的肌肉萎缩素-1和肌肉环状指蛋白表达,及其抗氧化应激和抗炎作用,最终可以防治肌萎缩和疲劳引起的骨骼肌损伤。  相似文献   

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