由于毛细现象液面上升高度计算的思考

毛细现象在日常生活和科技生产中都有着重要的作用。大部分同学在计算毛细管中液面上升高度时,往往因为不能抓住模型的本质而产生错误。本文针对两种不同的模型通过对比计算方法,指出了错误产生的原因从而加以规避。     

治疗痤疮药物使用情况分析

目的了解目前医院治疗痤疮的药物使用情况。方法选取本院门诊300张临床诊断为痤疮的处方进行分析。结果本院治疗痤疮药物的使用频率前六位依次是螺内酯、维生素B6、氯唑乳膏、克林霉素、羚羊角滴丸、异维A酸;抗生素的使用存在一些不合理情况。结论痤疮治疗中抗菌药物的使用应规范合理,以减少耐药的产生和药物不良反应的发生率。     

Effect of reserpine on the acetylcholine content of the heart, the ileum and the hypothalamus of the dog

The effect of intravenous administration of reserpine in 10 dogs was studied on the acetylcholine content of the sino-atrial node, the right auricle and the right ventricle of the heart, the ileum and the hypothalamus of dog. The general sedation, the bradycardia, and the purgative effects of reserpine were also noted. Tissues were removed for estimation of acetylcholine when bradycardia was maximal. Reserpine increased the acetylcholine content of all the tissues studied. The increase in the peripheral tissues was greater than in the hypothalamus. The bradycardia and the purgative effects of reserpine may be related to the increase of the acetylcholine content of the sino-atrial node and the ileum.     

GABA-ergic mechanisms of the action of ketamine on the structures of the hippocampo-reticulo-neocortical system of the brain

In freely mobile rabbits with electrodes preliminarily implanted in the brain structures ketamine (5 mg/kg intravenously or 20 mg/kg intramuscularly) exhibited properties of GABA receptor agonist decreasing the direct excitability of the mesencephalic reticular formation and periaqueductal gray matter and reducing their activating effect on the frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal region of the hippocamp (DH). GABA-mimetics (muscimol, baclofen, aminooxyacetic acid) as well as GABA system antagonists (bicuculline, thiosemicarbazide) attenuated ketamine action at the level of DH and especially FC.     

A test for the assessment of the duration of the action of neostigmine and of the relative potencies of various anticholinesterases using the pupil of the mouse

The miotic effect of anticholinesterases was used to monitor the duration of their activity and to compare the relative potency of different members of this group. Female albino mice were used and the diameter of their pupils measured with the help of a monocular microscope at a magnification of × 60. After a suitable control period, readings were taken at 30 min intervals. This test was found to be superior to previous tests described for the same purpose.     

The nature of the adrenergic receptors of the trachea of the guinea-pig

The adrenergic receptors of the guinea-pig isolated trachea have been characterised as β-receptors by established criteria. No evidence was obtained that any α-receptors are present. (-)-Isoprenaline was 17 times more potent than (-)-adrenaline which was 10 times more potent than (-)-noradrenaline. High concentrations of piperoxan, thymoxamine and dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids did not antagonise the catecholamines, while phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine potentiated them, isoprenaline almost as much as noradrenaline. Propranolol, pronethalol and the 3, 4-dichloro-analogues of (+)-noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline each specifically antagonised the catecholamines, isoprenaline moreso than noradrenaline. The characteristics of this blockade by pronethalol and propranolol fulfilled established criteria for competitive antagonism; propranolol (pA₂ against noradrenaline 6·56 + 0·21) was 18·6 (11·4 to 30·5) times more potent than pronethalol, (pA₂ against noradrenaline 5·29 + 0·07).     

白花前胡提取成分对心血管作用的研究进展

目的介绍国内外中药白花前胡提取成分对心血管作用的研究进展 ,为研究和开发中草药提供参考。方法以国内外大量有代表性的文献为基础 ,进行分析、整理和归纳。结果白花前胡提取成分保护心血管作用可能通过以下机制 :a .阻滞钙内流 ;b .抑制血小板聚集作用 ;c .促钾通道开放 ;d .调节心肌细胞动作电位 ;e .抗氧自由基和脂质过氧化作用实现。结论白花前胡及其有效成分在研究和开发防治心血管疾病新药方面具有广阔前景     

Clinical use of the polymyxins: the tale of the fox and the cat

Background

There is a need to identify practice patterns of polymyxin use, quantify gaps in knowledge, and recognize areas of persistent confusion.

新生儿使用多巴胺时静脉血管保护方法的探讨

目的 探讨新生儿在使用多巴胺药物治疗时的静脉血管保护方法.方法 提取2008年2月至2010年5月期间儿科病例资料60例,对静脉输液的治疗方法及护理方法进行分析,并与同期未进行相应血管保护方法60例进行对比.结果 60例新生儿在应用多巴胺静脉输注过程中,4例出现轻微不良反应.2例出现严重不良反应;对照组患者出现轻微不良反应8例,出现严重不良反应6例,两组不良反应经过治疗全部痊愈.结论 血管选择优化,均匀给药,控制给药时间及良好的固定措施,配合临床密切观察来预防不良反应,是预防和保护血管发生损害的工作重点.     

铸造桩核修复老年人后牙残根残冠的探讨

目的铸造桩核在修复老年人后牙残根残冠的效果。方法选择60～80岁老年患者42例,患牙48颗、上(牙合)牙25颗。下(牙合)牙23颗。首先将残根残冠经过完善的根管治疗后,进行常规备牙,选择相对粗、直、长的根管为桩核固定的主根管。经取模灌注后制作铸造金属桩核,固定于残根残冠。再进行固定或活动义齿修复。结果在46件义齿修复中,2例2颗在1年后因根折而拔除,相对患者和患牙的成功率分别为95.2%和95.8%,效果理想。结论选择性的保留老年人的残根残冠,并作完善的根管治疗,再行铸造桩核修复可以取得较好的效果。     

围绝经期妇女焦虑症心理治疗研究进展

随着社会竞争日益激烈，妇女承受的生理、心理、社会压力越来越大，致使部分女性提早进入围绝经期，出现较为严重的围绝经期焦虑症。围绝经期焦虑症患病率较高，诊断率和治疗率均很低，临床更易误诊为器质性疾病，严重影响妇女的家庭生活和工作。因此，大力发展社区心理治疗，主动与区精神卫生中心合作，形成心理疾病防控网络，可更好地提高妇女在围绝经期的社会功能，促进社区妇女健康，推动社区围绝经期焦虑症心理治疗的迅速发展。     

A comparison of the effects of the three isomers of dinitrobenzene on the testis in the rat

Sexually mature Alpk/AP (Wistar derived) rats were killed 5 days after a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg of the 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-isomers of dinitrobenzene. Testis weight reductions accompanied by testicular lesions were observed in the animals dosed with 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) while the 1,2- and 1,4-isomers were without effect on the testis. However, 1,4-dinitrobenzene, but not 1,2-dinitrobenzene, was of a potency similar to that of 1,3-DNB in producing cyanosis and splenic enlargement in these animals, indicating that different mechanisms are probably responsible for these two toxic effects. In a subsequent study the pathogenesis of the testicular damage resulting from a single oral dose of 5, 10, 15, or 25 mg 1,3-DNB/kg was studied in sexually mature rats. Animals were killed 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr after dosing and a detailed histopathological examination of the testes and selected tissues was made. At 12 hr after a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg, 1,3-DNB produced testicular lesions limited to Stages VIII to XI of the spermatogenic cycle. By 24 hr widespread Sertoli cell damage was evident and in some tubules was associated with degeneration of primary spermatocytes. Ultrastructural examination at this time confirmed that there were effects on Sertoli cells in the absence of germ cell damage. Similar effects were seen 48 hr after a single oral dose of 15 mg 1,3-DNB/kg. Doses of 5 or 10 mg 1,3-DNB/kg were without effect on the testis. The Sertoli cell is implicated as the prime target for the toxic action of 1,3-DNB with germ cell damage a secondary event.     

质疑处方“划价”易位的合理性

目的:合理推进医院服务改革,促进《处方管理办法》的深入落实。方法:比较财务"划价"与调剂"划价"对患者的优势与劣势。结果与结论:财务人员"划价"注重的是经济收入;调剂人员"划价"注重的是处方的合理性,后者对于防范医疗风险、保障患者用药安全起着无可替代的作用。建议将药品价格内容与财务收费联网,让财务划价人员与药剂人员联合办公。     

Overview of the innervation of the lung

The autonomic nervous system controls many aspects of airway function, including regulation of airway smooth-muscle tone, mucus secretion from submucosal glands and surface epithelial goblet cells, vascular permeability and blood flow. Recent data suggest that enhanced neural activity may play a key role in the symptomatology and pathophysiology of airway inflammatory diseases.     

The inhibition of monoamine oxidase by tricyclic antidepressants: the influence of the nature of the substrate and the source of the enzyme

Five tricyclic antidepressants, amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine and iprindole, have comparable potencies as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase in rodent brain and liver. With rodent brain, potency was always greater with phenethylamine as substrate than with benzylamine, and was generally least with 5-HT. With mouse liver, in which monoamine oxidase is mainly B type, potency with tyramine and dopamine as substrates was close to that found with phenethylamine. The kinetics of inhibition varied with both the substrate and the tissue, and were inconsistent with a simple ping-pong model for substrate oxidation. The relevance of these observations to clinical effectiveness is discussed.     

癌症患者经疗用药分析

目的：了解黄山市人民医院住院癌症患者化疗药物的选用情况,评估使用的合理性。方法：查阅住院化疗303例患者的处方及病历,包括病情、体表面积、化疗药物的名称、剂量、用法、使用途径、使用时间、总用药量及合理性。结果：注射剂18种,口服制剂5种;注射给药合计1718d,口服867d,灌注49d;剂量过大者2种。结论：该院患者化疗药物使用大部分合理。     

男性会阴部手术后伤口暴露疗法与伤口细菌感染和愈合情况的研究

目的 探讨男性会阴部手术后伤口暴露疗法的可行性.方法 选择450例男性会阴部手术患者,其中250例术后伤口采用暴露疗法,200例术后伤口采用传统包扎疗法,术后观察伤口细菌感染和愈合情况,统计出伤口甲级愈合率,伤口细菌感染率,采用x2检验,用SPSS 17.0统计软件计算.结果 伤口甲级愈合率暴露疗法组为92.8%,明显高于包扎疗法组的91.5%(x2=12.2,P<0.01).伤口细菌感染率暴露疗法组和包扎疗法组相近(x2=0.06,P>0.05).结论 男性会阴部手术后伤口采用暴露疗法不会增加伤口细菌感染率,且伤口甲级愈合率明显提高.     

人体脚长、脚掌宽与身高相关关系的研究

对489名男女青年进行了脚长、脚掌宽与身高的测量,并记录相关数据,将测量数据输入计算机中进行回归分析,得出脚长、脚掌宽推测身高的直线回归方程,利用脚长推测身高:男性:y=93.55+3.26x,女性:y=130.53+1.41x;利用脚掌宽推测身高:男性:y=130.79+4.18x,女性:y=137.99+2.72x。结果表明,人体脚长、脚掌宽与身高存在一定的线性关系。     

提高原发性脾恶性淋巴瘤诊断率的探索：附7例报告

报告70余例恶性淋巴瘤中7例（1％）原发性脾恶性淋巴瘤（PSL）的临床和影像学诊断的特征以及术中所见。粟粒型或微（小）结节型PSL影像诊断易漏诊（占3／7例）。凡浅表淋巴瘤容积小，未检出淋巴瘤原发病灶的巨脾患者需高度警惕PSL。PSL治疗原则上应该积极作牌切除术，再后续系统化疗。     

Effect of suloctidil on the dynamics of the peripheral artery of the dog

The effects of suloctidil, an antispasmodic agent, on the femoral, renal, superior mesenteric, common carotid and vertebral blood flows were compared with those of papaverine and cinnarizine using electromagnetic flow meters in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. In i.v. administration, the peripheral vasodilating action of suloctidil, papaverine and cinnarizine dose-dependently occurred from the dose of 0.1 mg/kg, and the order of their potencies in blood flow increase was vertebral greater than or equal to femoral greater than or equal to common carotid much greater than mesenteric artery. However, the renal blood flow decreased by i.v. administration of suloctidil and papaverine. I.a. administration (1-100 micrograms/kg) of suloctidil, papaverine and cinnarizine dose-dependently increased femoral and common carotid blood flows. I.a. administered suloctidil and papaverine caused a transient increase of renal blood flow followed by a slight decrease. Suloctidil-induced increase of femoral blood flow was not affected by the pre-treatment with atropine, propranolol or diphenhydramine. Thus, suloctidil may cause direct vasodilation to increase regional blood flow, and its influence on the various blood flows is roughly similar to those of papaverine and cinnarizine.