甘草素缩胺硫脲类衍生物的合成及抗癌活性

目的研究甘草素缩胺硫脲类衍生物的合成方法及抗癌活性。方法酸性条件下,甘草素与肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯在乙醇中回流缩合成腙,同时二硫代甲酸甲酯基水解成硫代甲酸基,然后在二环己基碳二亚胺(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide,DCC)催化下与相应的胺反应得到目标化合物3a-3j。采用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法,以五氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)为阳性对照药,评价目标化合物对人白血病细胞(K562)、人前列腺癌细胞(DU-145)、人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT-116)、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)、人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)7个肿瘤细胞株及人肾上皮细胞(293)一个正常细胞株的细胞毒活性。结果合成了10个新化合物,其结构经IR、1 H-NMR1、3 C-NMR和MS确证。体外抗癌活性表明大部分衍生物对K562和DU-145有一定的活性。结论从构效关系看,作者推断在甘草素4-C位接入缩胺硫脲基团可以提高抗癌活性。     

大豆异黄酮的抗癌作用

大豆异黄酮是豆科植物的重要成分,近年来研究显示具有抗癌作用,文章介绍大豆异黄酮的成分,化学结构,化学性质,抗肿瘤动物实验及体外实验均显示大豆异黄酮对乳腺癌,前列腺癌,结肠癌,肝癌,胃癌及白血病具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖及抑制肿瘤生长作用,抗癌作用机制分别从性激素样作用,抗氧化作用,诱导细胞程序性死亡及抑制酷氨酸激酶活性和抑制拓扑异构酸Ⅱ活性几个角度进行了阐述,并介绍了有关毒副作用的研究进展。     

斑蝥是阻止肿瘤复发转移的双刃剑

斑蝥是抗癌中药的精品其抗癌作用是野生灵芝的数十倍。但是斑蝥又被视为毒性中药的禁品，非“药王”，“医圣”都避而远之。     

斑蝥是阻止肿瘤复发转移的双刃剑

斑蝥是抗癌中药的精品其抗癌作用是野生灵芝的数十倍。但是斑蝥又被视为毒性中药的禁品，非“药王”，“医圣”都避而远之。     

斑蝥是阻止肿瘤复发转移的双刃剑

斑蝥是抗癌中药的精品其抗癌作用是野生灵芝的数十倍。但是斑蝥又被视为毒性中药的禁品，非“药王”，“医圣”都避而远之。     

尿石素A抗癌作用及其机制研究进展

【摘要】尿石素 A 是天然药物鞣花鞣质在体内经肠道菌群多级代谢后产生的物质,研究表明其具有很好的抗肿瘤活性,因此,针对国内外关于尿石素 A 对膀胱癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、白血病、前列腺癌、结直肠癌等多种癌症的抗癌活性研究进行综述,可为尿石素A 作为潜在抗癌药的临床研究提供参考。     

Hypoglycemic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides

AIM: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) in the normal fasted mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Normal fasted mice were given a single dose of Gl-PS 25, 50, and 100mg/kg by ip and the serum glucose was measured at 0, 3, and 6h after administration. Gl-PS 100mg/kg were also given by ip and the serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 0min, 30min, 1h, 3h, 6h, and 12h Pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with glucose 5.6mmol/L and different concentration of Gl-PS, the insulin content of islets and insulin release were examined. The islets fluorescent intensity of [Ca^2 ]i was also studied with a confocal microscope. Verapamil and egtazic acid were used to testify whether the insulin-releasing effect of Gl-PS was mediated by its ability to raise the Ca^2 influx. RESULTS: Gl-PS dose-dependently lowered the serum glucose levels at 3h and 6h after administration. Gl-PS 100mg/kg raised the circulating insulin levels at 1h after administration. In vitro, Gl-PS had no effect on islets insulin content, but it stimulated the insulin release after incubation with glucose 5.6mmol/L. Confocal microscope showed that Gl-PS 100mg/L had the capacity toraise the [Ca^2 ]i. The insulin-releasing effect of Gl-PS was inhibited by verapamil/egtazic acid. CONCLUSION:Gl-PS possesses the hypoglycemic effect on normal mice; one mechanism is through its insulin-releasing activity due to a facilitation of Ca^2 inflow to the pancreatic β cells.     

鲨鱼软骨抗癌作用研究进展

鲨鱼是世界上最古老、最长寿的深海海洋生物之一 ,已生存 4亿年之久 ,它生命力极强 ,几乎不被疾病感染 ,即使受到外伤 ,伤口也能很快复原。我国是世界上最早对鲨鱼开发应用的国家 ,鲨鱼的药用在我国始见于《本草经集注》,依托传统中医中药 ,积累了丰富的药用经验 ,诸多医籍不乏记载。在西方 ,直到上世纪 70年代初 ,美国麻省理工学院的一个医学小组经过多年的研究 ,才发现鲨鱼软骨的药用价值。然而 ,真正引起医药界重视的是鲨鱼软骨的抗癌作用。美国科学家 Luer将高剂量的强致癌剂黄曲霉素 B1(aflatoxin B1)注射到鲨鱼体内 ,也不能诱发鲨鱼…     

Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits interleukin-ll3-induced interleukin-8 secretion in human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells

AIM: Our previous data have shown that type II alveolar epithelial (AEII) cells express neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and that pro-inflammatory factor interleukin1-beta (IL-1beta) induces CGRP secretion in the A549 human AEII cell line. In the present study, we investigated the effect of endogenous and exogenous CGRP on IL-1beta-induced chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. METHODS: We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR to detect IL-8 protein and mRNA levels, respectively. siRNA and the stably transfected cell line were used to knock down and overexpress the CGRP gene, respectively, and chemiluminescence assay was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. RESULTS: CGRP-1 receptor antagonist hCGRP8-37 (0.1-1 nmol/L) greatly amplified IL-1beta-induced IL-8 production. The inhibition of CGRP expression by siRNA significantly increased IL-8 secretion upon IL-1beta stimulation. However, cell clones stably transfected with CGRP showed significantly inhibited mRNA and protein levels of IL-8 induced by IL-1beta. CONCLUSION: These data imply that AEII cell-derived CGRP suppress IL-1beta-induced IL-8 secretion in an autocrine/paracrine mode. Further investigation showed that CGRP attenuated IL-1beta-aroused ROS formation, which is an early indication of pro-inflammatory factor signaling.     

支气管哮喘患儿血内皮素-1水平变化

内皮素(Endothelia，ET)是由多种细胞分泌的一种生物活性多肽，具有广泛的生理作用，可使气道平滑肌收缩和细胞增殖，在支气管哮喘的发病机理中起重要作用。为了解ET—1在小儿支气管哮喘发病机理中的作用以及在哮喘急性发作期和缓解期的水平变化，2000年9月～2002年5月我们对24例发作期支气管哮喘患儿进行了血浆ET—1水平     

灵芝多糖肽对小鼠巨噬细胞自由基的清除作用

目的 :研究灵芝多糖肽对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基的清除作用。方法 :用四氧嘧啶、叔丁基氢过氧化物 (tBOOH)为氧化剂 ,分别在小鼠体内、体外损伤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,以DCHF DA为荧光指示剂 ,用共聚焦显微镜观察巨噬细胞的荧光变化 ,并用共聚焦显微镜作时间系列扫描 ,观察巨噬细胞荧光的动态变化。结果 :四氧嘧啶 (75mg·kg-1,iv)、叔丁基氢过氧化物 (7.76× 10 -5mol·L-1)可造成巨噬细胞的氧化损伤 ,使荧光密度增加 ,灵芝多糖肽可减轻其损伤 ,使荧光密度减少。时间系列扫描显示 :随时间改变 ,灵芝多糖肽可减少静息状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞荧光密度 ,也可减少由PMA(5 0nmol·L-1)诱导的呼吸爆发状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞荧光密度。结论 :灵芝多糖肽具有抗氧化作用 ,对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞自由基有清除作用     

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells

AIM: To study the effects (and the mechanisms thereof) of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) on the proliferation and the anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, and to make use of CIK cells as a means to investigate the interactions between Gl-PS and cytokines. METHODS: CIK cells were prepared by using the standard protocol as a positive control. Experimental groups also underwent the standard protocol, except that Gl-PS (400 mg/L or 100 mg/L) was added and the dose of anti-CD3 and interleukin-2 they received was reduced by 50% and 75%, respectively. For negative controls, Gl-PS in the experimental protocol was replaced with soluble starch or methylcellulose (400 mg/L or 100 mg/L). CIK cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and phenotype were determined by using the Trypan blue exclusion method, MTT assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS: By synergizing cytokines, Gl-PS (400 mg/L or 100 mg/L) could decrease the amount of cytokine in lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and CIK cells culture, but had no significant effect on the proliferation, cytotoxicity, or phenotype of LAK cells, or CIK cells induced by cytokines at higher doses alone, in which CIK cells expanded about 80-fold and the main effectors, CD3+NK1.1+ cells, expanded by more than 15%. The cytotoxicity of CIK cells in experimental groups was 79.3%+/-4.7%, 76.9%+/-6.8% versus the positive control 80.7%+/-6.8% against P815 (P>0.05) and 88.9%+/-5.5%, 84.7%+/-7.9% versus the positive control 89.8%+/-4.5% against YAC-1 (P>0.05). The activity of Gl-PS could mostly be blocked by anti-CR3. CONCLUSION: Gl-PS was shown to be a promising biological response modifier and immune potentiator. The effect of Gl-PS on CIK cells is possibly mediated primarily through complement receptor type 3.     

灵芝多糖肽对氧自由基损伤巨噬细胞的保护作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)在离体和整体水平对氧自由基(ROS)(tBOOH为氧化剂)损伤巨噬细胞的保护作用.方法:以tBOOH为氧化剂损伤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,以MTT法分析小鼠巨噬细胞存活率,在光镜和电子显微镜下观察细胞的形态改变.结果:GLPP50,100,200 mg/kg腹腔注射5天,能抑制巨噬细胞膜样变性和坏死,细胞存活率提高.在培养的巨噬细胞中加入 GLPP 3.125,12.5,50,200 mg/L,产生相似的保护作用.电镜观察发现,GLPP(100mg/kg)腹腔注射5天可保护细胞器如线粒体免受tBOOH的损伤.结论:GLPP有显著的清除氧自由基和抗氧化作用.     

灵芝多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性氧自由基的影响

为进一步探讨灵芝多糖 ( GLP)免疫调节作用机理 ,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术 ,动态监测灵芝多糖均一体 GLB7对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ( M )活性氧自由基含量的影响 .以 GLB7( 2 0 mg· L-1)刺激 M ,发现探针 DCHF- DA的荧光强度明显下降 ,与静息水平相比 ,平均下降 ( 36± 6) % ( n=6,P<0 .0 5) ;同时还能拮抗 PMA引起的 M 呼吸爆发 ,荧光强度下降幅度为 ( 1 9± 4) % ( n=6,P<0 .0 5) .结果证明 :GLB7能减少 M 内活性氧自由基的生成 ,具有清除活性氧的作用 ,这也是 GLB7产生免疫增强和抗衰老作用的重要途径 .     

灵芝多糖肽对自由基所致的腹腔巨噬细胞早期损伤的影响

目的　以膜电位方法进一步研究灵芝多糖肽(GLPP)对自由基损伤的巨噬细胞线粒体的影响。方法　以叔丁基氢过氧化物(tBOOH)为氧化剂,建立小鼠巨噬细胞体外氧化损伤模型,以罗丹明1 2 3(Rh1 2 3 )为荧光染色剂,以激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞线粒体膜电位改变。结果　tBOOH氧化剂可损伤线粒体膜,使线粒体膜电位降低,GLPP体内( 1 0 0mg·kg- 1 ig 5d)及体外给药(GLPP 1 0mg·L- 1)均可对抗tBOOH自由基损伤,可使因自由基损伤而降低的巨噬细胞线粒体膜电位恢复。结论　GLPP体内体外给药可减轻自由基损伤,使损伤的线粒体膜电位恢复     

段木栽培及袋栽灵芝多糖对体外培养小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性的比较

目的 比较段木栽培灵芝多糖(wood-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, GL-PS-WC) 及袋栽灵芝多糖(bag-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, GL-PS-BC)对体外培养小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性的影响,探讨袋栽灵芝多糖替代段木栽培灵芝多糖的可能性。 方法检测两种灵芝多糖对混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC)反应的影响;观察对刀豆蛋白A (Con A)、细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导淋巴细胞增殖的影响以及对环孢素A (CsA)、丝裂霉素C(Mit C)、足叶乙苷(VP-16) 等抑制MLC反应的影响。结果当质量浓度为0.2～12.8 mg·L^-1时,两种灵芝多糖均可促进MLC反应,增强Con A或LPS诱导的淋巴细胞增殖,并拮抗CsA, Mit C或VP-16对MLC反应的抑制作用。未发现两种多糖之间有显著性差异。结论GL-PS-WC及GL-PS-BC对体外培养脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性有类似作用。     

灵芝孢子多糖两纯组分的单糖组成研究

目的：对灵芝孢子多糖的2个纯多糖组分GLPSl和GLPS3的单糖组成进行分析。方法：将灵芝孢子多糖原料精制，SephacrylS一400SF型凝胶分离纯化得2个主要组分GLPSl和GLPS3，经酸水解后TLC法和HPLC法鉴别单糖组成，改良的1一苯基一3一甲基一5一吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化HPLC法分析单糖组成比例，同时采用LC—MS联用技术鉴定单糖PMP衍生化产物。结果：GLPSl的单糖组成为D一甘露糖：D一葡萄糖：D一半乳糖=1：9．228：1．474；GLPS3的单糖组成为D一甘露糖：D．葡萄糖：D．半乳糖=1：15．900：3．686。结论：灵芝孢子多糖二纯组分均含D一甘露糖，D．葡萄糖和D一半乳糖，仅各单糖的比例不同。     

灵芝多糖对体外树突状细胞诱导细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞的调节作用(英文)

目的:研究灵芝多糖(Gl-PS)在抗原提呈阶段对体外培养树突状细胞(DC)诱导特异性细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞(CTL)功能的调节及其机制。方法:体外培养小鼠骨髓来源DC经P815肿瘤细胞冻融抗原冲击致敏,并与不同浓度Gl-PS(0.8,3.2,或12.8 mg/L)共培养。成熟DC与脾淋巴细胞共培养诱导P815特异性CTL生成。第5天收集各组悬浮细胞及培养上清,采用乳酸脱氢酶法比较CTL特异性杀伤活性;RT-PCR法测定T扰素γ(IFNγ)及颗粒酶B mRNA在CTL的表达;ELISA或Western blot法检测IFNγ或颗粒酶B蛋白的表达。结果:3种浓度的Gl-PS均可增高培养上清中释放的LDH活性(P<0.01);增加CTL表达IFN7及颗粒酶B mRNA(IFNγ:Gl-PS 12.8 mg/L组与RPMI-1640组,P<0.05;颗粒酶B:P<0.01);促进CTL培养上清中IFNγ蛋白生成(P<0.05)以及CTL表达颗粒酶B蛋白(Gl-PS 12.8 mg/L组与RPMI-1640组,P<0.05)。结论:Gl-PS可在抗原提呈阶段促进P815肿瘤冻融抗原冲击致敏DC所诱导的特异性CTL的杀伤活性,其机制可能是通过IFNγ及颗粒酶B途径的调节。     

灵芝多糖对糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用。方法:SD大鼠高脂饮食4周后,注射STZ(30 mg.kg-1)复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后,将大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、灵芝多糖低、中、高剂量组(分别灌胃给予灵芝多糖200,400,800 mg.kg-1)及小檗碱对照组(灌胃小檗碱30 mg.kg-1)。治疗8周后,测量大鼠空腹血糖,VG染色观察心肌纤维化程度,荧光分光光度计法检测大鼠血清晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)的含量,碱水解法测定心肌羟脯氨酸含量,胃蛋白酶限制性降解法测定胶原交联程度,并测量心肌和血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)等氧化应激指标。结果:中高剂量灵芝多糖在降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖水平的同时,可使VG染色血管周围和间质胶原明显减少,心肌组织中羟脯氨酸含量下降,心肌交联程度得到明显改善,血清中AGE含量降低,心肌和血清中CAT和GSH-PX活力得到显著增强。结论:灵芝多糖可降低2型糖尿病大鼠心肌胶原纤维总量和交联程度,其机制可能与灵芝多糖降低血清AGE含量,增强机体内CAT和GSH-PX活性有关。