千金妇炎舒的抗菌实验研究

目的研究千金妇炎舒在体内和体外实验中的抗菌作用。方法①体外培养大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎链球菌、嗜血杆菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、淋球菌等标准菌株和不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、洋葱假单孢杆菌、枸橼酸肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌等临床分离菌株,观察千金妇炎舒的体外抗菌作用;②体内实验观察了千金妇炎舒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌对小鼠的保护作用。结果千金妇炎舒体外给药对上述细菌均有抑制作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、洋葱假单孢杆菌抑制作用较强,其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）在12.5～50mg/ml。千金妇炎舒体内给药对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌所致感染的小鼠具有保护作用,能降低感染小鼠的死亡率。结论千金妇炎舒具有较明显的抗菌作用。     

软皂溶液微生物限度检查方法验证

目的建立软皂溶液的微生物限度检查方法。方法采用培养基稀释法和薄膜过滤法并在稀释剂中加入1%吐温80,通过测定5个规定试验菌株回收率来确定适宜的检查方法。结果培养基稀释法无法消除软皂溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,可消除对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉的抑制作用,用1%的吐温80作稀释剂结合薄膜过滤法可消除对金葡萄球菌的抑制作用。结论软皂溶液霉菌及酵母菌总数可采用培养基稀释法检测;细菌总数及控制菌金黄色葡萄球菌检查需用1%的吐温80 pH=7.0的蛋白胨缓冲溶液作为稀释剂,结合薄膜过滤法检查;控制菌铜绿假单胞菌检查可采用常规法。     

黄藤素片微生物限度检查方法验证研究

目的:建立黄藤素片微生物限度检查方法.方法:按<中国药典>2005年版的规定,进行该品种微生物限度检查方法的验证.结果:常规法试验显示黄藤素片对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌均有抗菌作用,不同批产品其抗菌活性有差异,回收率小于70%;培养基稀释法可消除本品对上述4种菌株的抗菌作用,回收率大于70%;常规法试验和稀释法试验均有1批未检出大肠埃希菌;采用薄膜过滤法冲洗300或400 mL,检出大肠埃希菌.结论:本品不能用常规法进行细菌、霉菌和酵母菌数测定,可采用稀释法进行测定;不能用常规法和稀释法进行控制菌检验,可采用薄膜过滤法进行检验.     

抗菌消炎胶囊微生物限度检查法的建立及方法学验证

目的建立抗菌消炎胶囊微生物限度检查的方法并验证。方法按中国药典2010年版,用大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌对抗菌消炎胶囊进行微生物限度检查方法学验证试验。细菌的计数方法为低速离心-培养基稀释联用法;霉菌、酵母菌计数方法为培养基稀释法;控制菌检查采用常规法检验。结果抗菌消炎胶囊对细菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的抑制作用,对大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌有一定的抑制作用。结论该方法用于抗菌消炎胶囊的质量控制有效、可行。     

喉咽清口服液微生物限度检查方法的验证

目的建立喉咽清口服液微生物限度检查方法。方法接种5株阳性对照菌,测定其回收率。结果枯草芽孢杆菌采用培养基稀释法回收率为86%以上;大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉采用常规法回收率为83%以上;控制菌（大肠埃希菌）采用常规法可检出。结论经验证喉咽清口服液微生物限度采用培养基稀释法检查细菌;常规法检查霉菌及酵母菌、控制菌。     

连花清瘟颗粒微生物限度检查方法的研究

目的 建立连花清瘟颗粒微生物限度检查方法。方法 按照《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版一部规定的方法,以5种试验菌的回收率试验验证细菌、霉菌及酵母菌的计数方法,以大肠埃希菌验证大肠埃希菌的检查方法。结果 采用平皿法,金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的回收率均小于70%,而采用培养基稀释法可以使其回收率大于70%。结论 细菌计数采用培养基稀释法,霉菌及酵母菌计数采用平皿法,大肠埃希菌检查用常规法。     

皂角刺提取物体外抑菌杀菌作用研究

目的探讨皂角刺提取物对实验室常见菌(大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌)的体外抑菌杀菌作用。方法制备不同溶剂不同浓度的皂角刺提取物,采用滤纸片法测其抑菌杀菌作用,二倍稀释法测其最低抑菌浓度。结果皂角刺提取物对大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌杀菌作用不明显,对金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑菌杀菌作用。皂角刺水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为25.0 mg.mL-1;皂角刺乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为12.5 mg.mL-1。结论不同溶剂、不同浓度的皂角刺提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌和杀菌作用。     

抗生丸微生物限度检查法的验证

［摘要］目的确定抗生丸微生物限度的检查条件和方法,确保其检查方法的科学性和检验结果的准确性。方法采用2005年版《中华人民共和国药典》（一部）附录“微生物限度检查法”项下相关内容进行方法学验证。结果常规法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白念珠菌、黑曲霉菌的回收率均＞70%,枯草芽孢杆菌的回收率＜70%;稀释法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌的回收率均＞70%。结论稀释法能有效地去除抗生丸的抑菌活性,用该法进行微生物限度检查,可行性强,能达到检测目的。     

畲药铁线莲提取物的生物活性初步研究

目的研究铁线莲的生物活性,寻找药理活性成分。方法通过测定铁线莲石油醚提取物、乙醇提取物和水提取物的总还原力、对超氧阴离子(O-2)的清除率、对脂质体过氧化的抑制率来探讨铁线莲提取物的抗氧化作用;通过测定提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用探讨铁线莲提取物的抑菌作用。结果铁线莲提取物对超氧阴离子有一定的清除能力,对脂质体过氧化有较强的抑制能力;乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度分别为1、0.25、1mg·m L-1;水提取物对大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌也有较好的抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度分别为1、1mg·m L-1。结论铁线莲提取物具有一定的抗氧化能力和抑菌能力。     

乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液微生物限度检查方法验证

目的：建立乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的微生物限度检查法。方法：通过加菌回收的方法对不同批次产品进行验证。对照菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠埃希菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，白色念珠菌，黑曲霉。结果：常规法对照用阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌回收率〈70％，薄膜过滤法回收率均〉80％。结论：薄膜过滤法可有效去除乙二胺四乙酸钠铁口服液的抑菌活性。用该法进行微生物限度检查。可行性强。能达到检测目的。     

α-Helical domain is essential for antimicrobial activity of high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 （HMGN2）

AIM: To examine the antimicrobial spectrum and functional structure of high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2). METHODS: OMIGA protein structure software was used to analyze the two-dimensional structure of HMGN2. Synthetic short peptides were generated for studying the relationship between function and structure. Prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed for the holo-HMGN2 and its helical domain. Their E coli-based products were also prepared for antimicrobial testing. The antimicrobial assay included minimal effective concentration, minimal inhibitory concentration, and minimal bactericidal concentration. RESULTS: OMIGA protein structure software analysis revealed a transmembrane alpha-helical structure (the putative antimicrobial domain) located from position 18 to 48 of the HMGN2 protein sequence. The antimicrobial assay showed that the MIC of the recombinant holo-HMGN2 against E coli ML-35p (an ampicillin-resistance strain), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were 12.5, 25, and 100 mg/L, respectively. Against the same microorganisms, the MIC of the synthetic HMGN2 alpha-helical domain were 12.5, 25, and 100 mg/L, respectively, that is, the same as with the recombinant form of HMGN2. In contrast, recombinant holo-HMGN2 was inactive against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The synthetic N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of HMGN2 had no antimicrobial activity against E coli ML-35p, P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 or C albicans ATCC 10231. CONCLUSION: HMGN2 showed potent antimicrobial activity against E coli ML-35p, P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and, to some extent, against C albicans ATCC 10231, but was inactive against S aureus ATCC 25923 in these assay systems. Itos alpha-helical structure may be essential for the antimicrobial activity of HMGN2.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-(p-substituted-phenyl)-5-substituted-carbonylaminobenzoxazoles

A series of 2-(p-substituted-phenyl)-5-substituted-carbonylamino benzoxazole derivatives (5-22) was synthesized and their antimicrobial activities determined in comparison to several control drugs. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. Microbiological results showed that the compounds possessed a diffuse spectrum of antibacterial activity against these microorganisms. Compound 9 which bears a phenylacetamido moiety at position 5 and a 4-fluorophenyl group at the 2-position of benzoxazole ring was the most active derivative against S. aureus, S. faecalis and P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 12.5 microg/ml. Compound 11 provided higher potency than the other tested compounds against B. subtilis at a MIC value of 12.5 microg/ml. Compounds 5-22 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC values between 50 and 12.5 microg/ml.     

Evaluation of the antimicrobial potency of tannins and related compounds using the microdilution broth method.

The antimicrobial activity of a total of 27 tannins and related compounds was evaluated against 8 microorganisms, including 2 Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), 4 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis), and 2 yeasts (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans). The compounds tested were generally found to possess only weak to moderate antibacterial, but fairly high anticryptococcal activities. Attention is given to structure-activity relationships with emphasis on simple galloyl esters, hydrolyzable tannins and proanthcyanidins among this class of secondary products.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new benzimidazole derivatives

Some benzimidazolylbenzamides were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans evaluated. It was shown that the compound 14 exhibited the best activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans.     

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of withania somnifera L

In the present study antimicrobial activity of Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Solanaceae) has been evaluated against selected pathogens. Free and bound flavonoids of different parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of W. somnifera have been studied for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion assay against three Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 46, Proteus mirabilis MTCC 3310 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1934), one Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160) and three fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 183, Aspergillus flavus MTCC 277 and Aspergillus niger MTCC 282). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was evaluated through micro broth dilution method, while minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration was determined by sub culturing the relevant samples. C. albicans was found to be the most susceptible organism followed by S. aureus, P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Out of the tested organisms, A flavus and A. niger were observed to be resistant as none of the tested extracts showed activity against them. Total activity (TA) of extracts (ml/g) against each sensitive pathogens was also evaluated. Bound flavonoid extract of root showed best activity against C. albicans (IZ 30, MIC 0.039, MFC 0.039, respectively). However all the microorganisms were found to be sensitive against the extracts tested. Total activity of bound flavonoid extract of root was found to be same for E.coli, P. mirabilis, S. aureus and C. albicans (153.84 ml/g). Results of the present study reveal that extracts of W. somnifera showing great antimicrobial potential against test microorganisms may be exploited for future antimicrobial drugs.     

艾迪注射液薄膜过滤无菌检查法的建立及验证

目的：建立艾迪注射液薄膜过滤无菌检查法,并验证其准确性和可靠性。方法：按照《中国药典：二部》2010版《附录无菌检查》项下薄膜过滤法做无菌检查;取相应量艾迪注射液经全封闭无菌滤器滤过后,每个滤桶用300 mL（pH 7.0）无菌氯化钠-蛋白胨缓冲液冲洗;然后,在各滤桶中接种阳性菌,在适宜培养条件下培养,并逐日观察其结果。结果：在24 h内大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、生孢梭菌和白假丝酵母菌均生长良好,而枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉在48 h内生长良好。结论：本文检验条件下艾迪注射无抑菌活性或抑菌活性可以忽略,即可用薄膜过滤法做无菌检查。     

Antibacterial activity of cervical mucus in pregnant or non-pregnant women

Antibacterial activities of human cervical mucus obtained from non-pregnant and pregnant women were tested using standard blood agar plates. The combined effect of cervical mucus with cefmetazole (CMZ) was also investigated. Obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Cervical mucus specimens obtained from 6 subjects at 9 to 36 weeks of pregnancy showed antibacterial activity to only one strain of Bacillus subtilis among organisms tested. The cervical mucus enhanced the activity of CMZ against 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes and 2 strains of Micrococcus luteus, but no effect was observed against other organisms tested. 2. Cervical mucus specimens obtained from non-pregnant women showed antibacterial activities to 8 of 11 strains (72.7%) of B. subtilis tested. The cervical mucus enhanced the activities of CMZ against 1 strain of S. pyogenes and 3 strains of B. subtilis. The tested organisms included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, M. luteus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans, but, as described above, cervical mucus samples showed antimicrobial activities only against B. subtilis (9/17, 52.9%), and specimens obtained only from non-pregnant women or pregnant women with less than 11 weeks of pregnancy showed any antimicrobial activities.     

Synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives

Thiosemicarbazones of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Hydroxamate derivatives 4a-4l were found to have better antimicrobial and anticancer activity than their acid counterpart. Compound 4d was found to have good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis with IC(50) value of about 1 μM. Compound 4f showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (IC(50) = 1.29 μM) and compound 4h showed potent anticancer activity (IC(50) = 0.07 μM).     

枸橼酸钾溶液中抑菌剂的抑菌效果观察

目的 考察枸橼酸钾溶液中抑菌剂的抑菌效果.方法 以《中国药典》中规定的5种常规菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉作为挑战菌,4组枸橼酸钾溶液分别加入含量为处方浓度0、80%、100%、120%的抑菌剂羟苯乙酯醇溶液,在刚生产时和刚过有效期时对样品进行抑菌活性试验,探讨其在6个月有效期内的抑菌剂有效性.结果 枸橼酸钾溶液中羟苯乙酯醇溶液的处方量10%(mL/100 mL)时,对5种常规菌株的抑菌效力均符合药典规定.结论 枸橼酸钾溶液中羟苯乙酯醇溶液现有处方浓度是可行的,而且在有效期内均能达到抑菌效果.     

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ammoniacum Gum from Dorema ammoniacum

Antimicrobial activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1 : 1) extract of ammoniacum gum (from Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) was evaluated against 14 microorganisms which included seven Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica), one yeast (Saccharomyces cereviseae) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The extract of ammoniacum gum exhibited a of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity by inhibiting all the seven Gram-positive bacterium, one Gramnegative bacterium, one yeast and one fungus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40µg/ml. To overcome the solubility problem often faced when herbal extracts are added to aqueous medium, we employed a modified broth method where the broth cultures were agitated at 150 rpm in an orbital shaking incubator. This method reduced the MIC of the extract considerably, to 5-20µg/ml, against B. bronchiseptica, S. aureus and S. epidermidis.