HIV感染和艾滋病的动物模型世界卫生组织会议备忘录

动物模型可用于研究人类免疫缺陷症病毒(HIV)感染和艾滋病,主要有三种动物模型显示与人类HIV感染有很多共性,即猿猴免疫缺陷症病毒(SIV)、非灵长类慢病毒和非人灵长类HIV感染。灵长类和非灵长类慢病毒模型是继续研制艾滋病疫苗和治疗剂的关键。本文报道了这个研究领域的现状。     

新疆维吾尔自治区孕妇感染艾滋病的相关因素及母婴阻断后婴儿结局分析

新疆自1995年首次发现艾滋病(HIV)感染者以来,截至2006年底,全疆报告艾滋病感染者18207例,是全国艾滋病疫情最为严重的省(区)之一.总数居于全国的第四位[1].妊娠合并HIV感染者也逐年上升[2].我院自2003年10月启动预防艾滋病母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmissionofHIV,简称PMTCT)项目工作,对HIV阳性孕产妇及新生儿进行相应的干预措施,保护儿童免受HIV病毒侵害,减少婴儿或儿童感染HIV病毒.使HIV病毒母婴传播率下降1/3 ～2/3[3].本研究旨在探讨孕妇感染HIV的相关因素及母婴阻断后婴儿结局情况.     

环球集萃

HIV领域新药在华获批近日,抗艾滋病病毒(HIV)领域新药多拉韦林片正式获得中国国家药品监督管理局批准,用于治疗艾滋病病毒1型(HIV-1)感染的成人。HIV是一种能攻击人体免疫系统的病毒。它把人体免疫系统中最重要的CD4 T淋巴细胞作为主要攻击目标,大量破坏该细胞,使人体丧失免疫功能。因此,患者易于感染各种疾病,并可发生恶性肿瘤,病死率较高。     

HIV抗病毒治疗的研究进展

<正>艾滋病(AIDS)即获得性免疫缺陷综合征,是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染所引起的,以全身免疫系统严重损害为特征的传染性疾病。已发现的人类免疫缺陷病毒有:HIV-1和HIV-2。HIV-1是引起全球艾滋病流行的主要病因。自1981年6月首例艾滋病患者被确诊,HIV病毒便开始肆虐全球并严重威胁了人类的健康[1]。抗病毒治疗是治疗艾滋病的关键,现在全球     

艾滋病病毒抗体的实验室检测方法

<正>艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测是HIV感染的诊断、监测和血液筛查的常规方法,是艾滋病早期诊断的主要依据。中国常规的HIV抗体检测程序分为筛查试验和确认试验。艾滋病实验室诊断技术还包括HIV病毒载量检测、CD4+T淋巴细胞检测、HIV核酸定性检测和     

艾滋病的抗病毒治疗

<正>艾滋病(AIDS)是由艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染引起的一种传染病。其特征是HIV特异性地侵犯人体免疫系统的中枢指挥部分——CD4+T淋巴细胞, 造成CD4+T淋巴细胞数量和功能的进行性破坏及感染和癌变,导致艾滋病。     

药物治疗艾滋病及其相关感染的现状

当今,随着临床试验的日益增加,对成人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)及与艾滋病有关的其他感染的治疗有可能取得某些一致的看法。一、HIV感染 1.叠氮胸苷(Zidovudine,AZT)是抑     

抗艾滋病新药

艾滋病(Acquired ImmunodefieiencySyndrom,AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染而引起,是一种获得性免疫缺陷性综合征(ARC)。现已确定HIV的构型可分为二型:HIV-1和HIV-2。其中HIV-1的致病性最强,世界上绝大多数AIDS患者是由此致病的,HIV-2主要流行于西非。HIV主要侵犯淋巴细胞,造成免疫系统受损,也     

健康一月

世界艾滋病日2005年,全球有将近500万人感染艾滋病病毒(HIV)。这是自1981年报告第一例艾滋病病例以来增幅最大的一年。目前全球HIV病毒携带者已达4030万人,而更可怕的是,发展中国家90%的人不知道自己是否感染了HIV。中国预防医学科学院专家和熟悉中国艾滋病疫情的国内专家估计,如果不采取有效控制措施,到2010年,中国HIV病毒感染者数量有可能达到1000万。健康一月     

19例HIV阳性产妇住院分娩的护理体会

<正>近年来艾滋病患者越来越多,妊娠合并人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的人数也逐年增多,艾滋病是HIV引起的性传播疾病,HIV感染后主要破坏患者的免疫系统,加上妊娠本身的一系列生理病理的改     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

血管内皮生长因子的异常与子(癎)前期发病的关系

目的:研究血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和胎盘组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)及其血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1,Flt-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1,sFlt-1)mRNA的表达与子前期的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测45例子前期患者和45例健康产妇血清sICAM-1的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测胎盘组织中VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的表达.结果:(1)子前期组sICAM-1水平为(218.45±29.93) μg/L,显著高于对照组的(168.84±19.39) μg/L(P < 0.01).(2)子前期患者胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(均P < 0.01).(3)血清sICAM-1浓度与胎盘组织中sFlt-1mRNA的相对表达量呈正相关(r = 0.90,P < 0.01).结论:子前期患者血清sICAM-1浓度升高,其胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量也升高.胎盘组织sFlt-1mRNA的高表达与子前期内皮损伤等有密切关系.     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In pharmaceutical design where future drugs are developed by targeting a specific chosen protein, the evaluation of ligand affinity is crucial. For this very purpose are a multitude of diverse methods which are continuously being improved, which, in turn, makes it difficult to choose which techniques to use in practice.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss both experimental and computational approaches for affinity evaluation. Basic principles, general limitations and advantages, as well as main areas of application in drug discovery, are overviewed for some of the most popular ligand binding assays. The authors further provide a guide to affinity predictions, collectively covering several techniques that are used in the first stages of rational drug design.

Expert opinion: All affinity estimation methods have limitations and advantages that partially overlap and complement one another. Some of the suggested best practices include cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful data interpretation.