金双歧对肠易激幼鼠肠道菌群影响的研究

目的通过金双歧治疗肠易激幼鼠模型观察金双歧对幼鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法建立幼鼠肠易激模型,共20只,随机选同期正常生长幼鼠10只为正常组A,另取肠易激模型幼鼠10只为模型组B,取10只用金双歧治疗为实验组C。然后对三组幼鼠分别作粪便含水量检测及肠道菌群检测。结果小鼠建立肠易激模型后肠杆菌、肠球菌数量明显增多（P〈0.05）,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量大量减少（P〈0.05）：用金双歧治疗10d后,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量减少（P〈0.05）,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌大量增多（P〈0.05）,3组鼠粪便干湿重及粪便含水量比较,B组与A、C组间有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论金双歧治疗肠易激综合症对幼鼠粪便性状症状及肠道菌群有明显改善,为应用益生菌治疗肠易激综合症提供理论依据。     

急慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的改变

目的 探讨急慢性腹泻者肠道菌群的变化及其差异.方法 对20例慢性腹泻、31例急性腹泻及20例对照组的粪便进行肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的培养及检测分析.结果 与对照组比较,急性腹泻患者肠杆菌增加,肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌及类杆菌减少(P＜0.01),慢性腹泻患者肠杆菌增加,乳酸杆菌减少(P＜0.05).急性腹泻与慢性腹泻比较,类杆菌和乳酸杆菌减少更明显(P＜0.05).结论 急慢性腹泻患者均存在肠道菌群失调,其中急性腹泻更严重.     

丹参破壁饮片、常规饮片及传统粉末对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的研究丹参破壁饮片、丹参常规饮片及丹参传统粉末对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠50只,随机分为5组,分别为空白组、常规饮片组、低剂量破壁饮片组、高剂量破壁饮片组及传统粉末组。连续灌胃给药14 d后,选择性分离培养粪便中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、肠球菌及肠杆菌,鉴定和计数;并提取回盲部粪便的总DNA,进行PCR-DGGE(PCR-梯度凝胶电泳)分析,以观察小鼠肠道菌群的变化。结果细菌培养结果显示低剂量破壁饮片组及常规饮片组双歧杆菌及乳酸杆菌数量增加、肠球菌和肠杆菌数量则减少,差异有显著性意义;高剂量破壁饮片组及传统粉末中4种菌均无显著性差异。PCRDGGE结果显示,低剂量破壁饮片组的物种丰度和多样性指标均高于其他各组。结论丹参破壁饮片、常规饮片及传统粉末对肠道菌群无不良影响,且低剂量长期服用丹参破壁饮片对肠道菌群具有调整作用。     

急性心肌梗死恢复期患者肠道微生物菌群变化研究

目的分析急性心肌梗死恢复期患者肠道微生物菌群变化情况,为临床用药提供参考。方法选取2017年5月至2018年5月我院收治的急性心肌梗死恢复期的43例患者,纳入研究组,同时选取43名健康人作为对照组,对两组肠道微生物菌群各项指标进行比较研究。结果研究组乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、总厌氧菌数均少于对照组(P<0.05),肠杆菌、肠球菌、总需氧菌数量多于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗72 h后,研究组乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、总厌氧菌数量增加(P<0.05),肠杆菌、肠球菌和总需氧菌数量减少(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死恢复期患者出现明显的肠道微生物菌群紊乱情况,经过治疗,肠道菌群紊乱情况明显改善。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀对高脂血症患者血脂及肠道菌群的影响

摘 要 目的:探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀对高脂血症患者血脂及肠道菌群的影响。方法：80例高脂血症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组予瑞舒伐他汀片10 mg,po qd;观察组在此基础上加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630 mg,po tid。两组疗程均为12周。观察两组治疗前后总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,及肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌)变化,比较两组药品不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗12周后,两组TC、TG和LDL-C水平较前均明显下降,HDL-C水平明显上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且治疗后观察组各项血脂指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌、粪肠球菌数量较前明显上升,大肠埃希菌数量明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组变化幅度比对照组更明显(P<0.05)。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：双歧三联活菌胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗高脂血症患者的降脂疗效显著,安全性较好,与双歧三联活菌调节并纠正肠道微生态失衡,恢复肠道有益菌数量密切相关。     

佳木斯大学大学生及老年教师正常肠道菌群值的调查

采用人肠道菌群的培养与定量测定方法,利用4种选择性培养基,对本院大二学生及老年教师主要正常肠道菌群进行调查,结果显示:大二学生各类菌群均值(Log10n/克便)分别是:双歧杆菌:10.98±0.26;乳杆菌:8.27±0.57;肠杆菌:7.89±0.66;肠球菌:6.59±0.43.老年教师各类菌群均值(Log10n/克便)分别是:双歧杆菌:9.42±0.8;乳杆菌:8.02±0.59;肠杆菌:8.49±0.42;肠球菌:7.94±0.13.     

黄芩苷对小鼠肠道菌群影响的量-时规律观察

目的通过观察黄芩苷对小鼠肠道菌群的影响的量-时规律观察,以期为临床合理使用黄芩苷提供参考资料。方法用不同剂量的黄芩苷灌胃小鼠,于第3、6、9、14天取小鼠粪便,用细菌培养法观察菌群变化情况。结果林可霉素可使乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌下降,粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌上升;出现变化的时间在第9和14天,4个时间点变化规律明显,大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌呈上升趋势,乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌呈下降趋势;黄芩苷高剂量作用使双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪肠球菌下降,大肠杆菌上升;黄芩苷中、低剂量可使大肠杆菌升高,粪肠球菌减少,对双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌无影响。黄芩苷各剂量组4个间点的变化较波动,无明显的上升和下降趋势。结论黄芩苷在一定浓度下可抑制益生菌(双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌)的数量,在较低浓度下有抑制条件致病菌生长的作用。黄芩苷使粪肠球菌先降后升,对其他菌的影响无明显时效变化规律。     

急性重症胰腺炎肠道膜菌群变化研究

目的：研究急性重症胰腺炎对肠道膜菌群及分泌型IgA浆细胞水平的变化规律,方法：选择Wistar大鼠制备急性出血坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）模型,用细菌培养法定量检测肠道膜菌群中四种优势菌,结果：ANP模型组肠道膜菌群中肠杆菌计数明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,双歧杆菌,乳酸杆菌明显减少（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,结论：ANP模型大鼠肠道菌群发生明显变化,G－肠杆菌数量出现明显增加趋势,为进一步探讨肠菌群与肠粘膜免疫间的关系提供实验基础。     

青少年肠道菌群特点分析

目的探讨青少年肠道菌群的特点。方法50名12~18岁健康青少年作为青少年组,60岁以下健康人和10岁以下幼儿分别收集50名作为对照组取新鲜粪便,提取DNA在肠道菌群中门和属水平分别选取具有代表性的细菌,进行荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测肠道拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌、肠球菌及梭菌细菌拷贝数,统计分析各组间差异。结果青少年组拟杆菌门数量明显高于婴幼儿组而低于成年组(P<0.05),而青少年组厚壁菌门数量明显低于婴幼儿组而高于成年组(P<0.05)。青少年组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量均明显低于婴幼儿组(P<0.05),高于成年组(P<0.05);青少年组肠杆菌、肠球菌数量均明显高于幼儿组(P<0.05),青少年组和成年组肠杆菌、肠球菌数量组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组之间梭菌属量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。青少年组双歧杆菌/肠杆菌(B/E)值明显低于婴幼儿组,而高于成年组(P<0.05)。结论青少年期肠道菌群呈现不同于婴幼儿期及成人期的特点,这种变化可能与饮食改变、机体需求及激素变化有关。     

连续性肾替代治疗对多脏器功能不全综合征患者肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨连续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)对多脏器功能不全综合征(MODS)患者肠道菌群的影响。方法选取我院重症监护病房(ICU)住院的MODS患者40例,分为对照组和CRRT组,分别给予危重病常规治疗和在此基础上加用CRRT,1周后比较2组治疗前后肠道菌群菌落计数和比例的变化。结果与对照组相比,CRRT组肠球菌、肠杆菌数量显著减少,而双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量和厌氧菌总数显著升高(P<0.05);同时双歧杆菌/肠杆菌和厌氧菌总数/需氧菌总数的比值显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 CRRT有助于改善MODS患者的肠道菌群失调。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.