海绵共附生菌Streptomyces olivaceus LHW2444的分离鉴定及其抗青枯菌活性代谢产物研究

目的 从海绵中分离培养放线菌,筛选具有抗青枯菌活性的菌株,分离鉴定活性代谢产物。方法 以来源于南海西沙永兴岛附近海域的海绵Leucetta chagosensis为实验材料,采用三种选择性分离培养基分离海绵的共附生放线菌,利用16S rRNA序列分析对各菌株进行种属鉴定。对各菌株的发酵提取物进行抗青枯菌活性筛选,采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱法对筛选到的活性菌株的发酵产物进行分离、纯化,运用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)等手段,鉴定化合物的结构。采用微量稀释法测定化合物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 分离培养海绵共附生放线菌16株,筛选得到一株具有较好抗青枯菌活性的菌株Streptomyces olivaceus LHW2444,并从该菌株的发酵产物中分离鉴定2个吡咯类化合物、1个苯并二恶茂类化合物、2个吡喃酮类化合物,分别为pyrrole-2-carboxamide(1)、pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid(2)、1,3-benzodioxole-2-one-4-carboxylamide(3)、germicidin B(4)、germicidin C(5),化合物1-5为首次从该种属放线菌分离得到。首次发现pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid对青枯菌具有较强抑制作用,MIC值为8 μg/mL。结论 海绵共附生菌Streptomyces olivaceus LHW2444是潜在的植物青枯病生防菌,pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid是抗青枯菌的活性代谢产物。     

洋紫荆中生物碱类抗肿瘤活性成分的研究

目的研究洋紫荆中的抗癌活性成分.方法采用色谱法与生物活性追踪相结合分离纯化活性成分.丽丝胺罗丹明B(SRB)法检测化合物对K562细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测化合物对K562细胞周期的影响.结果分离得到4个具有活性的生物碱类化合物,用现代谱学方法鉴定为N-naphthyl-2-aniline(1)、biocyclomahanimbine(2)、mahanimbine(3)、girinimbine(4).化合物1～3体外具有明显诱导K562细胞调亡作用.结论 4个生物碱类化合物均为该属中首次分离,其中化合物1的体外抗癌活性为首次报道.     

角茴香中1个新的吡嗪类生物碱

采用硅胶、ODS、MCI等柱色谱以及半制备液相等现代色谱分离技术对角茴香(Hypecoum erectum L.)正丁醇萃取部位的化学成分进行分离纯化,得到4个吡嗪类生物碱。运用现代波谱学方法(1D NMR、2D NMR、UV、IR、MS等)鉴定结构分别为hyperectpyrazin A (1)、1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2)、2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3)和pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4)。化合物1为1个新的吡嗪类生物碱,化合物2～4为首次从角茴香中分离得到,并首次通过Mo₂(OAc)₄诱导的CD谱确定了化合物2的绝对构型。采用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制模型和脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,对化合物1～4进行体外活性评价,其中化合物2和4表现出一定的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,在终浓度为50μmol·L^-1时对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率分别为44.40%和43.99%。     

中国南海海绵Haliclona baeri的化学成分研究

目的 对采自中国南海海域海绵Haliclona baeri 95 %乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行研究。方法 运用薄层色谱、正相Silica gel柱色谱、SephadexLH-20柱色谱以及HPLC等色谱分离手段;通过NMR、MS等波谱学方法,并结合文献报道,鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从海绵H. baeri中分离并鉴定了5个吲哚生物碱,分别为：(1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide (1)、1H-indole-3-acetamide (2)、1H-indole-3-ethylethanoate (3)、1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4)和1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (5)。结论 化合物1-4为首次从该属海绵中分离得到。对化合物1进行生物活性测试,该化合物没有表现出明显的细胞毒、抗核因子κB、抗菌、抗病毒和抗污损活性。     

田基黄抗缺氧活性成分的分离鉴定与活性测定

目的分离鉴定田基黄(Herba Hypericci japonici)中抗缺氧活性成分,期望得到具有抗缺氧活性的纯化合物。方法采用多种柱色谱法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及IR、NMR、ESI-MS等波谱数据进行结构鉴定;对分离得到的化合物采用PC12细胞进行活性追踪,评价其体外抗缺氧活性。结果分离得到5个化合物,分别为3-O-甲基槲皮素(3-O-methylquercetin,1)、原儿茶酸(protocate-chuic acid,2)、二氢山柰酚(dihydronaphthol,3)、二氢槲皮素(dihydroquercetin,4)、绿原酸(chloro-genic acid,5)。结论化合物2~5为首次从田基黄中分离得到;化合物均具有一定的抗缺氧活性,其中化合物2活性最强。     

罗氏海盘车(Asterias rollestoni)中两种生物碱的分离纯化及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 从罗氏海盘车（Asterias rollestoni）中分离鉴定生物碱类天然产物,并进行体外抗肿瘤活性评价。方法 利用MCI GEL CHP20凝胶吸附树脂柱层析、硅胶薄层层析、硅胶柱层析、凝胶 Sephadex LH-20 柱层析和高效液相色谱等手段对化合物进行了分离纯化;运用NMR、MS等波谱方法并结合文献鉴定化合物的结构;采用SRB、MTT法评价化合物的抗肿瘤活性。结果 从罗氏海盘车的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了1个环二肽生物碱类化合物 Fellutanine A （1）和1个吲哚生物碱N-（2-（1H-吲哚-3-基）乙基）-2-苯乙胺（2）。化合物1对MGC803细胞的抑制率为53.99%,具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。结论 两个生物碱类化合物均为首次从罗氏海盘车中分离获得,其中化合物1的发现说明罗氏海盘车中存在非核糖体肽合成酶,进一步研究其合成路线、从中分离非核糖体多肽合成酶可以为挖掘罗氏海盘车药用价值提供重要参考。     

中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚Subergorgia suberosa次级代谢产物

目的研究中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚Subergorgia suberosa的次级代谢产物。方法利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、HPLC等方法对化合物进行分离纯化;利用NMR,MS等波谱方法,并与文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构;利用抗菌活性模型和卤虫致死活性模型评价化合物的生物活性。结果从侧扁软柳珊瑚中分离鉴定了6个单体化合物,分别为:倍半萜化合物subergorgic acid(1),2-β-hydroxysubergorgic acid(2)和2-β-acetoxysubergorgic acid(3);甾体化合物3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one(4),5α-pregnane-3,20-di-one(5)和胆甾醇(6)。结论化合物1～3对白色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus albus均显示出较强的抑制活性,化合物4对蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus显示出较强的抑制活性,而化合物4和5显示出较强的卤虫致死活性。     

红树林来源黑曲霉Aspergillus niger ZHN2-20次级代谢产物的研究D

目的 研究红树林植物榄李Lumnitzera racemosa根泥来源黑曲霉Aspergillus niger ZHN2-20的抗肿瘤活性次级代谢产物。方法 利用硅胶柱层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、HPLC等常规化学手段对次级代谢产物进行了分离纯化;通过理化性质结合波谱学数据分析及文献对照,鉴定化合物的结构;分别以SRB和MTT法评价了化合物的细胞毒活性。结果 从黑曲霉Aspergillus niger ZHN2-20的次级代谢产物中,分离鉴定了5个甾类单体化合物,分别为：helvolic acid (1),methyl helvolic acid (2),(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-triene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (3),cerevisterol (4),(22E, 24R)-ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-triene-3β, 5α-diol (5)。化合物3、5对HL-60和K-562肿瘤细胞株均表现出一定的细胞增殖抑制作用,抑制率分别为78.10%,60.50%和62.36%,49.43%。 结论 化合物1-3、5为首次在黑曲霉Aspergillus niger中分离得到,其中化合物2为新结构化合物。首次测定了化合物1-5对Hela、A-549、MGC-803、HL-60和K-562五种肿瘤细胞株的细胞毒活性,其中化合物3、5对两株人白血病细胞显示出一定的抑制作用。     

盐碱地真菌棘孢曲霉Aspergillus aculeatus的化学成分研究△﹡

目的 对一株具有抗肿瘤活性的滨州盐碱地真菌棘孢曲霉Aspergillus aculeatus的活性次级代谢产物进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱层析、LH-20凝胶色谱和半制备高效液相色谱分离纯化代谢产物,通过理化性质、波谱手段结合X-ray单晶衍射技术鉴定化合物,采用MTT法测试所得化合物对肿瘤细胞A549的增殖抑制活性。结果 从棘孢曲霉Aspergillus aculeatus中分离得到8个化合物(1～8),分别鉴定为5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (1)、Isorhodoptilometrin (2)、Secalonic acid F (3)、Emodin (4)、Protocatechuic acid (5)、Altechromones B (6)、Cyclo (L-Tyr-L-Leu) (7)和Cyclo (L-Phe-L-Ala) (8)。化合物3对A549细胞具有一定的增殖抑制活性,其IC50值为14.9 μM。结论 首次研究了来源于盐碱地真菌棘孢曲霉Aspergillus aculeatus的活性次级代谢产物,并首次报道secalonic acid F对A549肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性。     

一株海洋真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次级代谢产物及其抗菌活性研究

目的 研究一株南海来源真菌Penicillium chrysogenum的次级代谢产物及抗菌活性。方法 运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和HPLC半制备等方法对次级代谢产物进行分离和纯化;通过NMR、MS等方法鉴定化合物结构;利用抗菌活性模型对其进行活性评价。结果 从真菌P. chrysogenum中分离鉴定了5个化合物,包括一个结构复杂的生物碱taichunamide H (1),一个带有脂肪链的蒽醌1-O-methyl-averantin (2),两个聚酮类化合物versicone A (3)和 versicone B (4) 以及一个联苯醚diorcinol (5);其中,2对致病菌Canidia albicans和 Staphylococcus aureus具有显著的抑制活性,MIC值分别为6.25 μM和12.5 μM;5对海洋污损菌Photobacterium halotolerans显示抑制活性,MIC值为 50 μM。结论 化合物3和 4为首次从青霉菌中分离得到;化合物2具有显著的抗菌活性,具有重要的研究和潜在开发价值。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.