特非那定片的溶出度研究

目的：改进特非那定片的处方工艺,改善溶出度。方法：参照国外处方并根据国内辅料情况筛选新的片剂工艺方法。将不同处方生产的片剂按《中国药典》规定的方法进行溶出度检查。结果：按新处方、老处方生产的片剂与德国史达特公司生产的片剂在４５分种时的溶出分别为８９．０２％、１０．８１％和８２．３６％。结论：特非那定片处方组成对溶出度尤为重要,新处方中碳酸氢钠的加入使其溶出度明显提高。     

阿齐霉素片的溶出度测定方法研究

阿齐霉素片经硫酸显色后采用分光光度法测定其溶出度,测定波长４８２ｎｍ;线性范围：１０～９０μｇ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝５,ｒ＝０．９９９２）;平均回收率９９．４％（ＲＳＤ＝２．３０％）。溶出度用转篮法测定,转速１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ;溶出介质ｐＨ６．０磷酸盐缓冲液,４５ｍｉｎ的累积溶出度大于９０％,不同批号阿齐霉素片溶出度测定结果重现性良好。     

尼莫地平与泊洛沙姆固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出度

采用熔融法制备尼莫地平（１）与泊洛沙姆（２）固体分散体，并测定其体外溶出度，结果均高于１原药。１与２不同比例（１∶１、１∶２、１∶３、１∶５、１∶１０）的固体分散体４５ｍｉｎ时的溶出度分别是原药的６．８、７．３、７．６、８．５、９．８倍。ＤＳＣ测定结果表明，１－２固体分散体的ＤＳＣ曲线中１原药的熔点峰消失。     

交沙霉素片体外溶出度比较

目的：比较不同厂有交沙霉素片剂的体外溶出度。方法：采用紫外分光光度法（检测波长２３２ｎｍ）测定国内两个厂家４批交沙霉素片剂的体外溶出度,并以浆法和转蓝法中以比较。结果：４批产品的溶出度参数有非常显著的差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其中Ａ２产品溶出迅速,在浆法测量中４０ｍｉｎ可溶出９５％以上,而Ｂ１产品溶出最慢,同一方法４０ｍｉｎ仅溶出３０％左右。结论：由于不同厂家的交沙霉睛剂差异明显,建议规定详细地溶出标     

RP—HPLC法测定雌二醇透皮控释制剂的含量和溶出度

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定雌二醇透皮控释制剂的含量和溶出度。色谱柱ＳｐｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８（４．６×２５０ｍｍ）；流动相：甲醇－水（７５：２５）；检测波长：２８０ｎｍ，溶出度用浆法测定，转速３０ｒｐｍ／ｍｉｎ溶出介质，１％聚乙二醇＝４００，线性范围，５．０－８０．０μｇ／ｍｌ，雌二醇最低检了量为５ｎｇ，平均回收率；９９．２７％，日内和日间ＲＳＤ分别为１．９３％和２．４５％，１６８ｈ的累积溶出度大于     

布洛芬片剂处方组成的优选

采用均匀设计优选出布洛芬片剂最佳处方组成。按该处方组成压制成的片剂Ａ与市售片剂Ｂ、Ｃ进行体外溶出速率试验。结果表明：外溶出度参数间均匀有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明该方片比市售片释放快 。     

不同厂家卡马西平片溶出度考察

目的：对国内５个厂家生产的卡马西平片进行了溶出度考察。方法：按中国的药典１９９５年版溶出度测定法第二法测定卡马西平片的溶出度。结果：提取参数（Ｔ５０,Ｔｄ,ｍ）,并对参数进行相关性研究。结论：各厂产品溶出度参数差异有极显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ厂生产的卡马西平片溶出度符合中国药典规定,Ａ、Ｃ厂生产的卡马西平片溶 出度不符合规定。     

依那普利制剂体外溶出度对比研究

目的：以进口片剂为对照,对三种国产马来酸依那普利制剂溶出度进行对比研究。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定依那普利浓度,参照ＵＳＰ（ＸＸⅢ）溶出度测定Ⅱ法进行溶出度试验。结果：三种国产制剂３０ｍｉｎ累积溶百分率分别为８５．２％、１０１．９％和２６．３％,经统计学检验有显著性差异。进口片剂３０ｍｉｎ累积溶出百分率为１００．６％,国产制剂中仅有一种片剂３０ｍｉｎ累积溶出百分率与之相当。结论：国内生产的马来酸     

尼群地平片溶出度考察

目的：考察不同厂家生产的尼群地平片溶出度,为选购该药提供参考。方法：用紫外分光光度法测定尼群地平片的溶出度并行比较。结果：５ 个厂家生产的片剂溶出度差异悬殊,６０ｍｉｎ 累积溶出量,最高的达（９４５５ ±０６１） ％ ,最低的为（６７３９ ±２２２） ％ 。结论：建议溶出度较低的厂家酌情改进生产工艺,提高尼群地平片剂的溶出度。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中伊曲康唑浓度

目的：建立了ＨＰＬＣ法测定血清样品中伊曲康唑的定量分析方法。方法：色谱条件：以ＺＯＲＢＡＸＴＭＣ１８（５μｍ,４．６×１５０ｍｍ）为色谱柱;乙腈水（６７．５∶３２．５）为流动相,检测波长２６３ｎｍ;用正庚烷∶异戊醇（９８．５∶１．５）作为提取剂。结果：三种浓度４０,８０,３００ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１回收率分别为１０５．０５％,１００．５７％,９７．９１％（ｎ＝６）;日内、日间ＲＳＤ分别为３．８３％,４．０５％,３．０９％及６．００％,４．９０％,４．７２％（ｎ＝６）。血清中药物的最低检测浓度为５ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１,在５～６００ｎｇ·ｍｌ－１血药浓度范围内线性关系良好,ｒ＝０．９９９５。结论：方法灵敏、准确、结果满意     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

血管内皮生长因子的异常与子(癎)前期发病的关系

目的:研究血浆可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)浓度和胎盘组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)及其血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR1,Flt-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sVEGFR1,sFlt-1)mRNA的表达与子前期的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测45例子前期患者和45例健康产妇血清sICAM-1的浓度,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测胎盘组织中VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的表达.结果:(1)子前期组sICAM-1水平为(218.45±29.93) μg/L,显著高于对照组的(168.84±19.39) μg/L(P < 0.01).(2)子前期患者胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于对照组(均P < 0.01).(3)血清sICAM-1浓度与胎盘组织中sFlt-1mRNA的相对表达量呈正相关(r = 0.90,P < 0.01).结论:子前期患者血清sICAM-1浓度升高,其胎盘组织VEGF、PLGF、Flt-1、sFlt-1 mRNA的相对表达量也升高.胎盘组织sFlt-1mRNA的高表达与子前期内皮损伤等有密切关系.     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Binding affinity in drug design: experimental and computational techniques

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In pharmaceutical design where future drugs are developed by targeting a specific chosen protein, the evaluation of ligand affinity is crucial. For this very purpose are a multitude of diverse methods which are continuously being improved, which, in turn, makes it difficult to choose which techniques to use in practice.

Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss both experimental and computational approaches for affinity evaluation. Basic principles, general limitations and advantages, as well as main areas of application in drug discovery, are overviewed for some of the most popular ligand binding assays. The authors further provide a guide to affinity predictions, collectively covering several techniques that are used in the first stages of rational drug design.

Expert opinion: All affinity estimation methods have limitations and advantages that partially overlap and complement one another. Some of the suggested best practices include cross-verification of data using at least two different techniques and careful data interpretation.