序贯性与非序贯性早期肠内营养对食管癌术后患者临床疗效的比较研究

目的 观察食管癌术后序贯性早期肠内营养与非序贯性早期肠内营养的临床疗效,明确食管癌患者是否从序贯性营养支持疗法中获益。方法 将92例拟行食管癌根治术的患者分为序贯性早期肠内营养组（46例）和非序贯性早期肠内营养组（46例）,比较两组临床结局指标（胃肠道功能恢复情况、肠内营养耐受情况、术后并发症、术后住院时间）和营养指标（白蛋白、前白蛋白等）。结果 与非序贯性早期肠内营养组相比,序贯性早期肠内营养组首次肛门排气时间缩短,首次自然排便和肠内营养耐受性良好例数增加,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者的术后营养指标、人体成分、术后并发症、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于食管癌术后患者,序贯性早期肠内营养支持方案有利于胃肠道功能的恢复和肠内营养耐受性的提高,值得临床进一步推广。     

前列地尔联合低分子肝素改善膝关节置换术后凝血功能的疗效观察

目的 探讨前列地尔联合低分子肝素改善止血带加压下行双侧膝关节置换术(TKA)患者术后凝血功能、下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的疗效观察。方法 选取2014年1月-2015年2月包头市第四医院收治的择期硬膜外联合蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉下行双侧TKA的患者60例,将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。对照组患者采用弹力绷带加压包扎,并于术后第1天开始皮下注射低分子肝素6 kU/d,1次/d,直至术后7 d。治疗组患者在对照组基础上止血带加压前静脉滴入前列地尔注射液10μg,并于术后24、48、72 h分别静脉滴入前列地尔注射液10μg。分别在手术前24 h以及术后6、24、48、72 h抽取上肢外周静脉血,检测凝血功能和血液流变学,术后行下肢血管超声检查血栓形成情况。结果 术后6 h两组活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)与术前24 h比较明显减小(P < 0.05),术后72 h治疗组PT高于对照组(P < 0.05);两组纤维蛋白原(FIB)在术后24~72 h比术前24 h明显增加(P < 0.05);两组D-二聚体在术后6~72 h较术前24 h明显增加(P < 0.05),其中术后24、48 h两组比较,治疗组明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)。术后48、72 h两组全血高切相对指数和全血低切相对指数与术前24 h比较明显增加(P < 0.05),术后24 h全血高切相对指数治疗组低于对照组(P < 0.05),术后24~72 h全血低切相对指数治疗组低于对照组(P < 0.05);术后6~72 h两组血浆黏度较术前24 h明显增加(P < 0.05),其中在术后24~48 h治疗组低于对照组(P < 0.05);术后6~72 h两组红细胞聚集指数高于术前24 h(P < 0.05),其中术后24~48 h治疗组低于对照组。小腿肌间静脉血栓治疗组明显少于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论 行双侧TKA的患者应用前列地尔注射液联合低分子肝素能够改善术后血液高凝状态和血液流变学,减缓血栓的形成。     

不同术式对子宫切除术后患者机体应激的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术对患者机体应激的影响。方法 选取六安市人民医院2013年10至2014年12月收治的子宫良性疾病需行择期手术治疗的患者100例,其中采用腹式及腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术治疗各50例,观察两组患者手术前及手术后24、48小时白介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血清皮质醇水平变化。结果 两组患者术后24、48小时WBC均高于术前(P<0.05);经腹组术后24、48小时WBC高于经阴组(P<0.05);经阴组患者术后24小时血清总皮质醇与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后48小时血清总皮质醇较术前及术后24小时升高(P<0.05);经腹组术后24、48小时血清总皮质醇水平均较术前升高(P<0.05),且术后各时间点血清总皮质醇水平均高于经阴组(P<0.05);两组患者术后24小时IL-6、CRP水平较术前升高(P<0.05),术后48小时IL-6、CRP水平较术后24小时降低(P<0.05),但仍高于术前(P<0.05);经阴组患者术后24、48小时IL-6、CRP水平均低于经腹组(P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术对患者机体应激影响较小,有利于患者术后康复。     

丁丙诺啡复合罗哌卡因对髋部骨折手术患者镇痛和髋关节活动度的影响

目的 考察盐酸丁丙诺啡注射液复合盐酸罗哌卡因注射液用于髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年患者髋部骨折手术术后镇痛效果。方法 选取2020年3月-2022年3月在中化二建集团医院行髋部骨折手术62例患者,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各31例。超声引导下行髂筋膜间隙阻滞。对照组注入0.25%盐酸罗哌卡因注射液40 mL。治疗组注入0.15 mg盐酸丁丙诺啡注射液+0.25%盐酸罗哌卡因注射液40 mL。记录两组术后12、24、36、48、60、72 h各时间点静息和活动状态下的VAS评分和术后7 d髋关节活动度(ROM)。结果 与同组24 h静息状态和活动状态比较,36、48、60、72 h时对照组和治疗组VAS评分均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组术后静息状态VAS评分在12、24、36、48 h低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组在12、24、36、48、60、72 h术后活动状态VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与同组1 d比较,术后7 d每日髋关节ROM均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组同期比较,治疗组术后7 d每日髋关节ROM均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 盐酸丁丙诺啡注射液复合盐酸罗哌卡因注射液用于髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年患者髋部骨折手术可减轻术后疼痛,延长镇痛时间,有利于早期功能锻炼。     

加速康复外科护理在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于加速康复外科（ERAS）理念的护理在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用效果。方法 选择2016年11月至2017年12月铜陵市人民医院胃肠外科收治的的40例拟行腹腔镜胃癌手术患者为观察组，围手术期给予ERAS护理，以2015年12月至2017年12月本科收治的40例行腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术+常规护理的患者为对照组，比较两组患者术中情况（补液总量、手术时间、术中出血量）和术后恢复情况（术后通气和排便时间、首次下床活动距手术结束时间、首次经口饮食时间、术后开始肠内营养时间、术后肠外营养使用时间、鼻肠管拔除时间、术后住院时间）。结果 观察组患者术中补液总量、术后通气时间、术后排便时间、首次下床活动距手术结束的时间、术后开始肠内营养时间、首次经口流质饮食时间、术后开始肠内时间、术后肠外营养使用时间、鼻肠管拔除时间、术后住院时间均少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组术后Ⅱ级以上切口疼痛、咽喉疼痛发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 ERAS护理应用于腹腔镜胃癌根治术，中安全、有效。     

半导体激光与高频电刀治疗牙龈瘤的临床效果

目的 比较半导体激光与高频电刀治疗牙龈瘤的临床效果。方法 收集2017年2月至2019年2月合肥市口腔医院牙周科就诊牙龈瘤患者64例,采用随机数字法分为高频电刀组(对照组)与半导体激光组(观察组),每组32例。分别收集术前、术后第7、14天的龈沟液(GCF),比较 GCF 量及 GCF 中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1) 和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平的变化,比较两组患者术前、术后第12、24、48小时视觉模拟评分(VAS)值大小及患者术后3个月的复发情况。结果 两组患者术后第7、14天GCF含量进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后GCF随时间推移逐渐升高,随后又逐渐下降,术前及术后不同时间GCF含量进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同手术方式和时间对GCF有交互作用(P<0.05)。两组患者术前及术后不同时间点TGF-β1、IL-1β水平进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同术式和时间对TGF-β1和IL-1β有交互作用(P<0.05)。两组患者术后VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随时间推移有下降趋势,术前及术后不同时间VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同术式和时间有交互作用(P<0.05)。结论 半导体激光可减轻牙龈瘤术后炎症反应和疼痛。     

口服营养补充对肺结核患者营养状况和临床疗效的影响

目的 探讨口服营养补充(ONS)对肺结核患者营养状况和临床疗效的影响。方法 前瞻性选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第909医院2017年9月至2018年12月收治的伴有营养风险的肺结核患者90例,按随机数字表法分为ONS组和对照组,各45例。两组在给予正规抗结核治疗的基础上,ONS组接受口服肠内营养粉剂(TP)补充营养8周+常规饮食指导,对照组仅接受常规饮食指导。观察两组治疗前后营养风险筛查(NRS)2002评分、血液指标(清蛋白、血红蛋白)、体质量变化情况,对比两组肺结核临床治愈率、痰菌转阴时间和药物性肝损伤发生率。结果 ONS组NRS评分治疗前后差值高于对照组,ONS组血清白蛋白和血红蛋白治疗前后差值高于对照组,ONS组体质量治疗前后差值高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组临床治愈率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但ONS组涂阳患者痰菌转阴时间短于对照组,药物性肝损伤发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ONS可有效改善肺结核患者营养状况,并有助于缩短痰菌转阴时间、减少药物性肝损伤发生率。     

不同剂量右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼对普外科术后自控静脉镇痛效果的观察

目的 观察不同剂量右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼对普外科术后自控静脉镇痛的效果。方法 选择2010年3月-2013年4月于牡丹江医学院红旗医院ASA分级为Ⅰ或Ⅱ级行普外科手术患者100例,随机分为对照组和治疗组低、中、高剂量组,各25例。4组均给予盐酸格拉司琼注射液5 mg,加入生理盐水200 mL,入静脉自控镇痛泵。在此基础上,对照组给予枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液0.04 μg/（kg·h）,治疗组低、中、高剂量组分别给予盐酸右美托咪定注射液0.08、0.09、0.10 μg/（kg·h）+枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液0.02 μg/（kg·h）。记录术后6、12、24、48 h各时间点的VAS评分、Ramsay评分,并比较各组的血压、心率、呼吸变化、PCA按压次数以及不良反应。结果 术后6、12 h,治疗组中、高剂量组VAS评分显著低于对照组和治疗组低剂量组,且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05、0.01）。术后6 h,与对照组和治疗组低剂量组相比,治疗组中、高剂量组Ramsay评分均增高;术后12 h,治疗组高剂量组的Ramsay评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗组低剂量组术后6 h,治疗组中剂量组术后12、48 h,治疗组高剂量组术后6、12、24 h收缩压均有所降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组低剂量组术后24 h,治疗组中剂量组12、24、48 h,治疗组高剂量组术后6、12、24 h舒张压降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗组低剂量组术后6 h心率显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组中、高剂量组术后6、12、48 h心率均不同程度降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗组低、中、高剂量组呼吸率变化无统计学差异,均未出现呼吸抑制。治疗组中、高剂量组术后的自控镇痛次数明显减少,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗组的不良反应率明显降低,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 中剂量的右美托咪定能够明显提高术后舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛镇静效果,减少不良反应。     

乳清蛋白对急诊脓毒症合并低蛋白血症患者血清白蛋白及相关炎症因子的影响

目的 观察乳清蛋白肠内营养对急诊脓毒症合并低蛋白血症的临床疗效及对患者血清中蛋白质和炎症指标水平的影响。方法 92例急诊脓毒症合并低蛋白血症患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组46例。对照组患者给予常规基础治疗,观察组患者在此基础上给予乳清蛋白肠内营养治疗,比较2组患者治疗第28天的临床疗效、血清蛋白质水平、炎症指标及不良反应。结果 观察组患者治疗总有效率为82.61%,显著高于对照组的63.04%（P<0.05）。观察组患者白蛋白、前白蛋白、总蛋白治疗后显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者炎症指标D-二聚体、C反应蛋白水平、降钙素原表达水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗过程中未发生明显不良反应。结论 乳清蛋白对急诊脓毒症合并低蛋白血症患者临床效果显著,能够显著抑制炎症反应,建议临床推广使用。     

不同剂量盐酸羟考酮注射液对输尿管镜碎石取石术患者自控镇痛的影响

目的 观察不同剂量盐酸羟考酮注射液用于经尿道输尿管镜碎石取石术术后患者自控镇痛的临床效果和不良反应。方法 收集廊坊市人民医院2014年1月至2016年12月泌尿外科择期腰硬联合麻醉经尿道输尿管结石碎石取石手术且接受术后镇痛患者210例,按随机数表法将患者分为A、B、C组,每组70例。3组患者均采用自控镇痛泵镇痛,镇痛药液配比：A组为盐酸羟考酮注射液50 mg+托烷司琼6 mg+0.9%氯化钠配置成100 mL溶液,B组为盐酸羟考酮注射液75 mg+托烷司琼6 mg+0.9%氯化钠配置成100 mL溶液,C组为盐酸羟考酮注射液100 mg+托烷司琼6 mg+0.9%氯化钠配置成100 mL溶液,3组均无背景输注速率,患者自控单次输注2 mL,锁定时间均为5 min。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分法比较3组患者术后4、8、16、24及48 h不同时间点的VAS评分、Ramsay评分,比较3组患者术后的不良反应及镇痛泵按压次数。结果 B、C两组患者术后4、8、16、24及48 h VAS评分均低于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,B、C组术后4 h、8 h Ramsay评分高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;A组患者术后48 h内躁动发生率显著高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义（Z=2.475,P<0.05）,C组患者恶心发生率高于A、B两组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;A组患者术后48 h镇痛泵实际按压次数显著高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义（Z=2.678,P<0.05）。结论 镇痛泵自控单次给药1.5 mg用于经尿道输尿管镜碎石患者术后镇痛效果良好,不良反应较少。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.