氧化苦参碱的肾脏保护作用及其机制的研究进展

氧化苦参碱具有抗肾缺血再灌注损伤、抗内毒素性肾损伤、抗四氯化碳致慢性肾损伤、抗阿霉素肾病、抗输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化和抗高糖、高脂诱导的肾脏纤维化的作用。氧化苦参碱肾脏保护作用的作用机制是抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、调血脂作用,抑制活性氧(ROS)/TLR4、PERK/ATF4/CHOP、JAK2/STATs、TGF-β1/Smads和NF-κB/TNF-α信号通路,减轻肾损伤炎症反应和细胞外基质沉积,阻滞肾损伤和纤维化。     

慢性肝病肾损伤早期尿微量蛋白检测意义

许多慢性肝病如病毒性肝炎、肝纤维化酒精性肝病等，均可由于免疫损伤或血流动力学改变，使肾功能受损，严重者可导致肾功衰竭。为了防止肾功能改变，在临床上作到早期诊断，以便早期治疗，尿微量蛋白检测就是早期肾损伤指标。现检测不同慢性肝病患者尿微量蛋白及血清β2-微球蛋白，以了解其在慢性肝病伴肾损伤早期的诊断价值。     

蝉花及其成分增强免疫、抗肿瘤药理作用研究进展

蝉花是寄生在蝉上的真菌,也是我国传统名贵中药材。现代研究表明蝉花及其有效成分具有免疫调节、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、降血糖及改善肾功能等广泛的药理作用,尤其以增强免疫力作用的研究报道为多。近年来蝉花的抗肿瘤活性也逐渐受到关注,因此主要对蝉花的增强免疫力和抗肿瘤活性研究进行综述,并对其后续研究及应用前景进行展望。     

姜黄素防治急性肾损伤的研究进展

急性肾损伤是以肾功能急性丧失为特征的临床综合征,发病机制复杂。姜黄素可通过稳定线粒体功能、减轻肾缺血再灌注损伤、抗炎、抗氧化、调控巨噬细胞功能、抗肾间质纤维化、抗凝血障碍等多种途径发挥防治急性肾损伤的作用。总结了姜黄素防治急性肾损伤的作用及其机制,希望为姜黄素的临床使用提供参考。     

肾康注射液对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清胱抑素C的影响

目的观察肾康注射液对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清胱抑素C的影响。方法 18例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,在常规治疗上应用肾康注射液,观察用药前后临床症状和实验室检查指标的变化。结果肾康注射液可明显降低慢性肾功能衰竭患者的血清胱抑素C水平(P<0.05)。结论肾康注射液能改善患者临床症状,保护肾功能,延缓肾功能衰竭进展。     

肾灵Ⅱ号片治疗慢性肾衰竭模型大鼠的实验研究

［摘要］目的观察肾灵Ⅱ号片对腺嘌呤诱导慢性肾衰竭（CRF）大鼠的保护作用。方法用腺嘌呤诱发肾衰竭模型，再用肾灵Ⅱ号片灌胃治疗30 d，以海昆肾喜胶囊作阳性对照药。观察肾功能、电解质及肾组织学的变化。结果肾灵Ⅱ号片可改善肾功能及电解质水平，减轻模型大鼠肾组织的损害。结论肾灵Ⅱ号片能明显改善肾功能并抑制慢性肾衰竭的发展。     

丹参活性成份药理作用

丹参注射液具有活血化瘀作用,主要用于治疗冠心病,临床上用于心绞痛、心肌梗塞等。多年研究现已证实丹参中的一些成分具有广泛的生物活性,它具有抗心肌缺血、防治心肌缺血和心肌梗死,加快微循环血流,促进毛细血管网开放,抑制心肌收缩,降低心肌耗氧量,扩张血管,降低胆固醇、血脂,抑制凝血,激活纤溶,稳定细胞膜,提高氧耐受力,增加肝脏血流量,保护肝损伤细胞,抗纤维化等作用。丹参抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集,丹参改善肾内微循环增加肾血流,对缺血肾有一定的保护和修复作用,对慢性迁延性肝炎有较好效果,     

胰激肽原酶对阿霉素大鼠慢性肾损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨胰激肽原酶对阿霉素慢性肾损伤的保护作用及机制.方法:建立大鼠阿霉素慢性肾损伤动物模型,将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、干预组.观察各组血尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Cr),血一氧化氮(NO)及血β-2微球蛋白的变化.并摘取肾脏进行HE染色,观察肾组织病理形态学改变.结果:干预组血BUN,Cr,及血β-2微球蛋白较模型组显著下降(P＜0.05),而NO显著升高(P＜0.05).病理显示干预组较模型组大鼠肾小球病变不明显,少数肾小管上皮细胞轻度肿胀;炎性细胞浸润也较模型组减少.结论:胰激肽原酶能改善肾功能,延缓慢性肾损伤的病程进展.其机制可能与NO含量增加,肾脏中组织激肽释放酶水平升高有关.     

甘草酸对肾损伤的保护作用和临床应用研究进展

动物实验研究证实甘草酸对缺血再灌注性、梗阻性、高血糖性、药物性(如马兜铃酸、庆大霉素、顺铂、阿霉素、镉等引起的)、变态反应性肾损伤都有保护作用.临床研究肯定了甘草酸在治疗肾综合征出血热中的疗效.已经有一些报道称甘草酸对慢性肾脏疾病、原发性干燥综合征并肾小管酸中毒、阿昔洛韦致急性肾衰竭和防治心脏手术引起的缺血再灌注性肾损伤也有疗效,但还需要其他研究在临床上进一步证实.     

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在急性肾损伤及慢性肾脏病中的作用

目的 Wnt信号通路参与生物胚胎发育、器官形成、组织再生等多种生理过程,是生物进化过程中高度保守的信号通路.在病理情况下,Wnt信号通路异常激活,参与多种疾病的病理过程并发挥不同作用.在急性肾损伤中,Wnt信号通路被激活,发挥肾脏保护作用,而在慢性肾脏疾病,Wnt信号通路可以促进肾脏纤维化及肾功能恶化的发生.本文就经典的wnt/β-catenin信号通路在急性肾损伤及慢性肾脏病中异常激活,发挥的不同作用及其机制进行综述.     

人参皂苷Rg1对肾疾病的保护作用及机制研究现状

人参皂苷Rg1主要存在于五加科植物人参和三七中,具有抗炎、抗衰老、抗氧化等多种药理活性作用,多项研究表明人参皂苷Rg1在肾纤维化模型、糖尿病肾病模型、以及其他各种肾病模型和细胞损伤中均表现出良好的保护作用。本文主要从体内肾损伤模型和体外细胞实验两方面,针对人参皂苷Rg1对肾的保护作用及其机制研究进展进行综述。     

Estradiol metabolites attenuate renal and cardiovascular injury induced by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition

Our previous studies in rodent models of nephropathy demonstrate that 2-hydroxyestradiol (2HE), an estradiol metabolite with little estrogenic activity, exerts renoprotective effects. In vivo, 2HE is readily converted to 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), a major estradiol metabolite with no estrogenic activity. The goal of this study was to determine whether 2ME has renal and cardiovascular protective effects in vivo. First, the acute (90 minutes) and chronic (14 days) effects of 2ME (10 microg/kg/h) on blood pressure and renal function were examined in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Second, a rat model of cardiovascular and renal injury induced by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition (N-nitro-L-arginine; 40 mg/kg/d; LNNA group) was used to examine the protective effects of estradiol metabolites. Subsets of LNNA-treated rats were administered either 2HE or 2ME (10 microg/kg/h via osmotic minipump; LNNA+2ME and LNNA+2HE groups, respectively. 2-Methoxyestradiol had no acute or chronic effects on blood pressure or renal function in normotensive animals or on hypertension in SHR. Prolonged, 5-week NOS inhibition induced severe cardiovascular and renal disease and high mortality (75%, LNNA group). 2ME, but not 2HE, significantly decreased elevated blood pressure and attenuated the reduction in GFR. 2HE delayed the onset of proteinuria, whereas no proteinuria was detected in the 2-ME group. 2HE and 2ME reduced mortality rate by 66% and 83%, respectively (P < 0.001). In the kidney, 2HE and 2ME abolished LNNA-induced interstitial and glomerular inflammation, attenuated glomerular collagen IV synthesis, and inhibited glomerular and tubular cell proliferation. In the heart, 2HE and 2ME markedly reduced vascular and interstitial inflammation and reduced collagen synthesis and vascular/interstitial cell proliferation. This study provides the first evidence that, in a model of severe cardiovascular and renal injury, 2-methoxyestradiol (a major nonestrogenic estradiol metabolite) exerts renal and cardiovascular protective effects and reduces mortality.     

三七总皂苷对大鼠慢性缺血性肾损伤的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷(PNS)对慢性缺血性肾损伤的保护作用。方法48只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、模型组和PNS组,每组16只。采用双侧肾动脉不全结扎术建立双侧肾动脉狭窄模型,PNS组于术后开始给予腹腔注射PNS50mg·kg-1·d-1直至处死,其余2组给予同等容量的灭菌注射用水。观察术后14、28、45、60d各组大鼠血细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平,肾间质纤维化程度和肾组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组与PNS组大鼠在各时间点血ICAM-1和AngⅡ水平均增高,肾组织α-SMA的表达也升高,差异均显著(P<0.05)。同时PNS组大鼠各时点血ICAM-1、AngⅡ水平和肾组织α-SMA的表达均低于模型组(P<0.05),且同一时间点病理改变轻于模型组。结论PNS可能通过降低ICAM-1、AngⅡ水平和肾组织α-SMA的表达,延缓肾间质纤维化的进展,进而保护肾功能。     

Drug Discovery for Overcoming Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Pharmacological Effects of Mineralocorticoid-Receptor Blockers

There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the renoprotective effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade are independent of the effects exerted by renin-angiotensin inhibitors. MR is expressed not only in tubular cells but also in other renal cells including glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes, and renal interstitial fibroblasts. Animal experiments have shown that MR blockers prevent aldosterone-induced proteinuria, glomerular injury, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In vitro studies have also demonstrated that MR blockers inhibit aldosterone-induced renal cell damage. Recent clinical studies have shown that treatment with MR blockers attenuates the development of proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension, independent of changes in blood pressure. In some cases, MR blockers elicit potent renoprotective effects in conditions where aldosterone levels are not elevated. These data suggest that treatment with MR blockers may possibly present an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with CKD.     

Potential renoprotective effects of silymarin against nephrotoxic drugs: a review of literature

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) accounts for up to sixty percent of hospital acquired acute kidney injury. Several efforts have been made to reduce drug-induced renal damage; however, DIN remains a matter of concern, with substantial impact on patients and the health system. Silymarin is a drug that has been used for many years in alternate and modern medicine for treating hepatic diseases. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects make it an interesting herbal medicine, and these properties have implicated this compound as a potential renoprotective agent. Based on the findings from animal studies, this review concluded that silymarin might exert significant protective or ameliorative effects against drug-induced kidney disease, especially against cisplatin-induced renal damage. Whether the protective administration of silymarin could be an effective clinical pharmacological strategy to prevent DIN is a question that remains to be answered in clinical trials.     

注射用丹参多酚酸药理作用及临床应用研究进展

注射用丹参多酚酸是以唇形科丹参药材为原料,采用现代先进工艺提取、分离其水溶性酚酸类有效成分研制而成的新一代中药注射剂。药理研究表明,丹参多酚酸对缺血性脑损伤具有抗炎、抗氧化应激、神经营养、再生和保护的作用,同时能够减轻心肌缺血损伤和糖尿病肾损伤。在临床上主要用于中风病（轻中度脑梗死）恢复期瘀血阻络证的治疗,近年来也逐步拓展应用到了急性脑梗死、呼吸综合征等方面的治疗。主要对注射用丹参多酚酸上市以来的药理作用、临床应用及安全性评价加以综述,为进一步开展基础试验提供研究线索,为临床推广应用提供参考依据。