0～3岁婴幼儿发育状况的调查分析

目的通过应用丹佛智能筛查表(DST)了解沭阳农村0~3岁儿童智力发育情况,分析影响儿童发育的因素,促进农村家长重视家庭教育。方法采用DST量表对江苏沭阳0~3岁婴幼儿共401人测试并为家长提供指导意见。结果 401例儿童中,检出"正常"328例,"可疑"47例,"异常"26例,检查结果无明显性别差别。结论重视农村0~3岁儿童智能发育情况,在早期主动筛查和干预有利于及时发现异常和可疑病例,同时宣教家庭教育重要性,促进农村儿童保健工作,提高人口素质。     

DST测试异常婴幼儿146例分析

目的 了解DST异常婴幼儿的病因及影响早期发现的因素,提高对早发现、早干预重要性的认识.方法 采用0～6岁儿童智力发育筛查测验方法(DST)量表对来诊患儿进行智能发育筛查,并进行有关影响因素的调查.结果 146例DST测试异常儿童中具有高危因素113例,原因不详33例,窒息史者和早产、高胆红素血症,所占比例较高,且男性高于女性,而且6月内发生异常居多.结论 提高家长对影响儿童发育的有关疾病和因素的警惕性及认识水平,对患儿智能发育有着极其重要的意义.     

北京市丰台区2020—2022年某农村地区婴幼儿屈光状态筛查结果分析

目的 分析北京市丰台区某农村地区婴幼儿屈光状态筛查结果，为视力异常婴幼儿的早期干预提供依据。方法 采用滚雪球抽样方法，选取2020年12月至2022年6月北京市丰台区北宫镇社区卫生服务中心保健科门诊体检的0.5～3岁婴幼儿1 922人，采用手持莫廷HAR-800视力筛查验光仪对婴幼儿进行双眼视力筛查，分析其屈光状态，建立婴幼儿屈光状态档案，发现屈光异常婴幼儿及时转诊。结果 发现视力异常婴幼儿1 399例（72.8%），其中可疑1 066例（55.5%），散光203例（10.6%），近视59例（3.1%），远视合并散光33例（1.7%），远视31例（1.6%），近视合并散光7例（0.4%）。0.5～<1岁婴儿视力异常检出率较高，达78.5%(610/777)，大致呈现年龄越小视力异常检出率更高的趋势。结论 辖区婴幼儿屈光异常比例较高，需要引起重视，异常婴幼儿早期筛查及时转诊，早期干预以促进其视力正常发育，减少儿童期弱视的发生。     

0～3岁小儿智能发育的调查分析

目的为了了解小儿智能的早期发育状况及影响小儿智力发育的相关因素,以便早期对基线干预,促进小儿智力发育。方法采用DST量表对江苏高邮0~3岁小儿共459例测试。结果 459例小儿中,检出"正常"376例,"可疑"53例,"异常"30例。结论加强围生期的保健,重视0~3岁小儿家庭智能发育指导,将有利于小儿的健康成长。     

某市3100例婴幼儿发育评估水平的调查

目的分析韶关市婴幼儿发育评估水平调查,为促进婴幼儿智能早期发展提供数据支持。方法回顾性分析韶关市妇幼保健院儿保门诊2016年1月至2016年12月接受健康体检的婴幼儿,随机抽取3100例,进行发育评估,分析本市婴幼儿发育状况。结果 (1)本调查婴幼儿发育商DQ为90.49±11.80,筛查中优秀占0.29%,中上占2.42%,正常占68.65%,中下占24.81%,低下占3.83%。(2)筛查中低下率最高的月龄为36个月>18个月>30个月;(3)大运动、精细动作、社交行为、适应能力、语言发育落后比例分别为32.52%、31.29%、30.81%、27.38%、26.33%。结论韶关地区婴幼儿智能发育整体水平一般,应普及早期教育知识,提高18个月以上幼儿发育筛查检查率,针对落后能区加强训练,进行早期干预。     

高危新生儿进行早期干预的效果观察

目的 探讨对高危儿进行评估和早期干预的效果.方法 对生后1月龄的高危新生儿126例进行Gesell发育量表筛查,将筛查出的可疑及异常发育儿分为早期干预组和对照组.干预组从出生后1月起接受早期干预,包括感知觉及精细动作训练、被动及主动运动功能训练、言语及社会交往训练,异常者及时综合康复治疗.对照组只接受常规育儿指导.两组观察至12个月,并使用Gesell发育量表测查精神运动发育商（DQ）.结果 126例高危儿中可疑及异常发育儿84例（68.3%） 干预组（46例）6、12个月DQ显著高于对照组（38例）（P〈0.05）.干预组后遗症发生率为4.4%（2/46）,对照组后遗症发生率为21.06%（8/38）,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）.结论 早期干预可有效促进高危新生儿运动智能发育,改善预后,大大降低后遗症的发生率.     

精细运动发育落后婴幼儿家庭干预方法的效果观察

目的 探讨在作业治疗师指导下家庭干预对精细运动发育落后婴幼儿的恢复情况。方法选择精细运动发育落后的婴幼儿20例。由专业测试人员进行精细运动发育水平的评估，制定干预计划，由作业治疗师对婴幼儿家长进行干预方法培训，从而开展家庭干预指导，由家长对婴幼儿进行精细运动家庭干预。结果经过3个月的家庭干预后，婴幼儿精细运动两个能区标准分和精细运动发育商较治疗前有明显提高，精细运动的两个能区之间在干预前后差异均无统计学意义，但两个能区之间有显著的相关性。结论对精细运动发育落后婴幼儿采用以家庭干预方法为中心，医疗指导相结合的干预模式是有效的。     

探究全面发育迟缓儿童的发育特征

目的　探讨全面发育迟缓儿童的发育特征,为早期诊断和干预提供可行性依据。方法　选取广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院2019—2020年0～5岁全面发育迟缓儿童138例［男103例,女35例,年龄为（2.68±1.13）岁］和89例0～5岁正常儿童［男58例,女31例,年龄为（2.56±1.19）岁］进行研究分析,分别采用Gesell婴幼儿发育量表进行评估。采用χ²检验、独立样本t检验、Spearman相关性分析。结果　（1）全面发育迟缓儿童各能区的发育商均低于正常儿童,语言能区落后最明显［（48.77±13.88）分比（92.97±6.19）分］,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。（2）随着发育迟缓程度的不断增加,除大运动外的其他能区也表现为发育的异常。（3）全面发育迟缓儿童中,占比最多的是语言能区的发育迟缓［98.6%（136/138）］。随着年龄的增长,适应性和语言能区发育迟缓儿童的比例均增加。（4）语言能区与其他各能区均存在正相关性（r=0.636、0.206、0.378、0.676,均P<0.05）。结论　全面发育迟缓儿童伴有多个能区的发育迟缓,语言能区和适应性能区占比较多,而大运动发育并不一定落后。     

早期干预对早产儿智力发育的促进作用探讨

目的探讨早期干预对早产儿智力及运动发育的影响。方法将160例高危儿随机分成干预组（80例）和对照组（80例）,干预组接受早期干预,对照组仅常规育儿指导。两组患儿于1岁时来院进行Gesell婴幼儿发育检查方法监测干预组与对照组的发育商（DQ）。结果干预组在粗大运动、精细运动、自我照顾、认知社交四部分内容评分均显著高于对照组（均P〈0．01）,且发育商分级比较也有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论早期干预对早产儿在婴儿期智能发育方面有良好的促进作用,能有效促进智力发育及运动发育。     

早期干预对早产儿智能发育的影响

目的 探讨早期干预对早产儿智能发育的影响及疗效。方法将180例在我院及外院出生后转入我院成活的早产儿，随机分为干预组及对照组。干预组在新生儿期即给予抚触、听音乐、看红球等刺激，并指导家长进行视、听、感知觉及运动方面的干预训练。用北京——Gesell婴幼儿发育检查法监测干预组与对照组在3、6、12个月的发育商（DQ）。结果干预组在适应性、大运动、精细运动、语言和社会适应能力5个能区与对照组相比，有显著差异。结论早期干预对早产儿在婴儿期智能发育方面至为重要，有良好的促进作用，实施越早越好。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.