野生食用菌的驯化和深层发酵

目的 探索野生食用菌在提高机体免疫力方面的价值。方法 采集木耳、树舌等沪产野生食用菌,取其伞褶约米粒大小,依次在碘伏液和混合等渗盐水消毒液中灭菌,无菌条件下接种在固体PDA培养基上,然后置于25℃温箱中培养出菌丝,继续进行提纯接种,直到获得实验室易于传代的纯种菌丝。将菌丝接种于液体培养基中,置室温下进行振荡培养。结果 大部分菌种可在4天内增殖出大量菌丝,7天左右可见明显的菌素和菌核。结论 动物实验证明,菌丝多糖水提液在提商机体免疫力方面有明显的作用。     

武当山区野生转家种重楼中4种皂苷含量分析

摘 要 目的：比较武当山区野生转家种重楼不同品种中4种重楼皂苷的含量,为推动本地区重楼药材的规范化种植,优选重楼种质资源提供参考。方法: 采集武当山区种植基地里野生重楼转家种的各个品种重楼药材样本,采用HPLC法测定各个样本中重楼皂苷的含量。结果: 6个重楼品种里只有七叶一枝花（华重楼）和滇重楼中重楼皂苷含量符合药典规定的标准,其他重楼品种中重楼皂苷含量明显低于国家标准。结论:应选择重楼皂苷含量符合中国药典2015年版规定的滇重楼和七叶一枝花推广种植,以达到重楼药材的合理开发利用的目的。     

冬虫夏草人工繁育品、野生品及亚香棒虫草中氨基酸比较

目的：比较冬虫夏草人工繁育品、野生品与亚香棒虫草中水解和游离氨基酸的含量。方法：采用氨基酸分析仪测定冬虫夏草人工繁育品、野生品以及亚香棒虫草中17种氨基酸的含量。结果：冬虫夏草人工繁育品的水解氨基酸含量为16.776%~19.080%,野生冬虫夏草为14.857%~21.959%,亚香棒虫草为13.043%~14.933%。冬虫夏草人工繁育品的游离氨基酸含量为1.767%~2.373%,野生冬虫夏草为1.753%~2.521%,亚香棒虫草为2.856%~3.197%。结论：冬虫夏草人工繁育品和野生品中氨基酸含量基本一致,和亚香棒虫草有显著性差异。本研究为冬虫夏草的鉴别及人工繁育品的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

青川县野生重楼资源的分布概况

目的 调查青川县野生重楼的种类、分布区域及资源现状.方法 通过走访调查、野外考察、样本采集、标本鉴定和资料查阅相结合的方法,调查了青川县的重楼资源.结果 在调查的青川县21个乡镇35个样品地区中,5个乡镇6个样地有野生重楼分布,主要分布在海拔1000～2200 m的阔叶林和针叶林下,主要为华重楼、黑籽重楼、多叶重楼、平伐重楼等4种,以华重楼的数量最多.初步估算,总蕴藏量为51.72吨.结论 青川县野生重楼的资源分布广泛,是平伐重楼的已知最北端的分布地,重楼野生资源蕴藏量正在急剧下降,有效保护和合理利用势在必行.     

UPLC法测定重楼药材中重楼皂苷I和重楼皂苷II的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法测定重楼中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ的含量。方法:色谱柱为Waters Acquity UPLC@BEHC（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm）,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长203 nm。结果:重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ在测定范围内呈良好的线性关系,其平均回收率为99.74%～100.18%,RSD为1.21%～1.96%。结论:本方法高效、便捷、结果准确,为重楼的质量控制提供了新的方法。     

四川省野生天麻资源调查研究

目的:为天麻资源的保护及持续利用提供科学依据。方法:查阅相关文献及标本,结合市场产销信息及网络信息,确定了峨眉山、马边县、康定县、泸定县、丹巴县、青川县、平武县为主要调查区域,并进行了走访和样方调查。结果:四川地区野生天麻主要为黄天麻,集中分布在海拔800～3130m、经度101°41′～105°29′、纬度29°01′～32°26′区域内亚高山落叶阔叶林、竹林,生境土壤为弱酸性的山地黄棕壤,总蕴藏量为6600kg。结论:年降雨量、相对湿度和年均日照时数可能是影响野生天麻资源分布的关键因素。     

冬虫夏草人工繁育品与野生品基于甾醇特征图谱的比较研究

目的：对冬虫夏草人工繁育品与野生品进行比较研究,建立基于甾醇类成分的特征图谱,并比较麦角甾醇含量的差异,为该药材的质量监管提供参考。方法：以10批冬虫夏草人工繁育品、17批野生品以及5批凉山虫草为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱法,以麦角甾醇为对照品,选用XBridgeC18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm）;流动相为甲醇-水（95：5）,检测波长282 nm,流速0.3 mL·min^-1,柱温30℃,采用CHEMPATTERN化学计量学软件对野生品色谱图进行处理,生成特征图谱,并计算所有批次的相似度。结果：17批野生冬虫夏草、10批冬虫夏草人工繁育品与野生品对照图谱之间的相似度均大于0.9,相似度良好;而5批凉山虫草相似度均未超过0.8,相似度较低。10批人工繁育品的平均含量为0.121%±0.031%;17批野生品的平均含量为0.115%±0.045%;5批凉山虫草的平均含量为0.468%±0.038%。冬虫夏草人工繁育品和野生品基于甾醇的特征图谱以及麦角甾醇含量基本一致;与凉山虫草有显著性差异。结论：本研究有助于冬虫夏草的真伪鉴别,同时为冬虫夏草人工繁育资源开发以及合理使用提供科学依据。     

金线重楼的皂苷成分研究

目的研究金线重楼根茎中的化学成分,寻找中药重楼的药用资源。方法采用70%乙醇提取,利用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、制备高效液相色谱等分离方法从根茎中得到单体化合物,根据其理化性质及现代波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果从金线重楼根茎的正丁醇提取物中分离得到5个单体化合物,分别鉴定为:竹节参苷Ⅳa甲酯(1)、3-O-(6’-butyl ester)-β-D-glucuropyranosyloleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)、pregna-5,16-diene-3β-ol-20-one 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)、重楼皂苷Ⅵ(4)、25(R)pennogenin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-Dglucopyranoside(5)。结论化合物1~3为首次从该植物中分离,其糖苷配基部分也是首次从该植物中发现。     

重楼排草皂甙的研究

从民间草药重楼排草(Lysimachia paridiformis Franch.)提取物中以硅胶桂层析等方法分离得一兴奋子宫有效成分,经IR,UV,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR及FD-MS确证为一新皂甙,命名为重楼排草甙(paridiformoside)     

武当山区不同采收期宽叶重楼根中重楼皂苷动态变化研究

目的:以武当山区人工种植基地宽叶重楼为样本,研究重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ的动态变化规律,探讨本地区宽叶重楼的最佳采收期。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,以Waters Atlantis誖T3 色谱柱、乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长为203 nm。结果:不同采收期宽叶重楼中的重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ含量具有明显的差异,春季4月下旬和秋季8月下旬有两个高峰,而在植株生长旺盛的夏季和进入休眠期的冬季皂苷含量明显下降。结论:初步确定了武当山区宽叶重楼的最佳采收期,为重楼药材的采收及生产提供了一定的科学依据。     

Use of selective breeding in alcohol research

The use of selective breeding in alcohol research is relatively recent in spite of the extensive use of the technique in other areas of behavioural research and the long history of selective breeding in agriculture. Initial efforts were directed toward selective breeding for acute effects and preference. More recently, selective breeding for ethanol activation, hypothermia, severity of withdrawal, tolerance and stress response as well as new breeding programs for preference and acute effects are underway. Related breeding programs for benzodiazepine and opiate sensitivity are also being carried out. The technique affords the opportunity to dissect the mechanism of the action of ethanol at the molecular level and the genetic basis of various ethanol effects.     

野生与养殖全蝎酶解后主要成分含量及抗肿瘤作用的对比研究

目的观察比较野生与养殖全蝎酶解后主要成分变化及抗肿瘤作用效果。方法分别采用改良Lowrry法测定蛋白质含量;阿利新蓝法测定糖胺聚糖含量;半微量凯氏定氮测定水解度;MTT法测定对A549和Hep-2细胞的抑制率。结果对所得含量用t-检验:双样本等方差假设分析所得实验数据,比较两者间差异,其中蛋白质含量、糖胺聚糖含量差异均无统计学意义;野生全蝎的水解度为16.87%,养殖全蝎为16.46%;两者对A549细胞和Hep-2细胞的抑制作用均成剂量关系,随药物浓度的升高抑制率呈现上升趋势,且养殖全蝎酶解后其抑制效果总体优于野生全蝎酶解后的效果。结论经过两者间几个主要成分含量的比较以及对肿瘤抑制作用的比较,野生与养殖全蝎酶解后主要化学成分含量变化不大,但养殖全蝎酶解后肿瘤细胞的抑制作用优于野生全蝎。     

金银花中黄酮提取工艺研究及野生与人工种植金银花中黄酮含量的比较

目的测定人工种植金银花黄酮的含量和最佳提取工艺。方法以芦丁为对照品,用UV-2450型紫外可见分光光度计测黄酮的含量,通过单因素试验和正交试验,探索微波辐射下溶剂浓度、温度、微波辐射时间、液料比对黄酮提取率的影响。结果人工种植金银花黄酮含量为4.477%,最佳提取工艺条件是：提取温度50℃,料液比1：30,乙醇浓度80%,微波辐射时间45 min。结论人工种植金银花黄酮含量较高,完全满足药用。     

浙产前胡栽培及野生药材的质量研究

目的 研究浙江省不同产地前胡栽培品和野生品的质量.方法 色谱柱为YMC-ODS-A柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(78:22);流速为1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长为321 nm.以白花前胡甲素、白花前胡丁素和白花前胡素E为对照品.结果 临安、淳安一带的前胡质量较佳,同时不同产地前胡栽培品和野生品的质量相差不大.结论 文中的研究结果可为前胡的引种驯化、扩大栽培和GAP基地的建设提供依据.     

Applications of artificial neural network in AIDS research and therapy

In recent years considerable effort has been devoted to applying pattern recognition techniques to the complex task of data analysis in drug research. Artificial neural networks (ANN) methodology is a modeling method with great ability to adapt to a new situation, or control an unknown system, using data acquired in previous experiments. In this paper, a brief history of ANN and the basic concepts behind the computing, the mathematical and algorithmic formulation of each of the techniques, and their developmental background is presented. Based on the abilities of ANNs in pattern recognition and estimation of system outputs from the known inputs, the neural network can be considered as a tool for molecular data analysis and interpretation. Analysis by neural networks improves the classification accuracy, data quantification and reduces the number of analogues necessary for correct classification of biologically active compounds. Conformational analysis and quantifying the components in mixtures using NMR spectra, aqueous solubility prediction and structure-activity correlation are among the reported applications of ANN as a new modeling method. Ranging from drug design and discovery to structure and dosage form design, the potential pharmaceutical applications of the ANN methodology are significant. In the areas of clinical monitoring, utilization of molecular simulation and design of bioactive structures, ANN would make the study of the status of the health and disease possible and brings their predicted chemotherapeutic response closer to reality.     

以研促教在药用植物育种学教学中的应用

药用植物育种学是高等农林院校中药学专业的一门专业课。通过以研促教在药用植物育种学教学中的应用,将教学和科研有机结合起来,不但能够促进教师专业技术水平的提高,更能够激发学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生树立牢固的专业思想,增强学生理论结合实践的能力,有助于提高中药学专业本科生的培养质量。     

Establishment and validation of microsampling techniques in wild rodents for ecotoxicological research

Compounds and products in the biocide and plant protection sector can only be registered after formal risk assessment to ensure safety for users and the environment. In bird and mammal risk assessment, this is routinely done using generic focal species as models, which are of particular exposure risk. Such a species is the common vole (Microtus arvalis) due to its high food intake relative to the low body weight. For wild species, biological samples, data and hence realistic exposure estimations are particularly difficult to obtain. In recent years, advances have been made in the techniques related to serial microsampling of laboratory mice and rats that allow for a reduction in sampling volumes. Similar progress in wild species sampling is missing. This study presents a proof of concept to dose wild rodents with relevant compounds and to draw serial, low volume blood samples suitable for state‐of‐the art toxicokinetic analyses. For the first time, the jugular vein of common voles was used to administer compounds (two frequently used fungicidal components). This procedure and the following microsampling of blood (2 × 10 μl six times within 24 hours) from the lateral tail vein did not affect body weight and mortality of voles. Samples were sufficient to detect dissipation patterns of the compounds from blood in toxicokinetic analysis. These results suggest that microsampling can be well translated from laboratory mice to wild rodent species and help to obtain realistic exposure estimates in wild rodents for ecotoxicological studies as well as to promote the 3R concept in studies with wild rodent species.     

人工种植金银花中绿原酸含量测定和提取工艺研究

目的测定人工种植金银花中绿原酸的含量和最佳提取工艺。方法采用紫外可见光分光光度法测绿原酸的含量,通过单因素实验和正交实验,优化微波辐射提取金银花中绿原酸的最佳工艺。结果人工种植金银花绿原酸含量为6.40%,最佳提取工艺条件是:微波辐射功率450W,液物料比1∶25,乙醇体积分数70%,微波辐射时间45min,提取溶剂的pH为7。结论人工种植金银花中绿原酸含量较高,完全满足药用。