A new kaempferol trioside from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solidago altissima</Emphasis> L.

A new kaempferol trioside [kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-β-d-apiofuranoside, (1)] was isolated together with nine phenolic compounds, trans-tiliroside (2), caffeic acid (3), chlorogenic acid (4), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), 3-O-coumaroylquinic acid (7), 4-O-coumaroylquinic acid (8), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (9) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (10) from the leaves of Solidago altissima L. The structure elucidations of the compounds were based on the analyses of spectroscopic data.     

Three new acylated flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Three new flavone C-glycosides with the substitution of the unusual acyl, 2″-O-veratroylisoswertisin (1), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertiajaponin (2), and 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylvitexin (3), together with the known compounds of 2″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (4), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (5), and trollisin I (6) were isolated from the antibacterial fraction of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Trollius chinensis. The structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by a detailed analysis of the NMR and MS spectra.     

Two new 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane-type compounds from the roots of Cynanchum paniculatum

Two new 13,14:14,15-disecopregnane-type compounds glaucogenin F (1), glaucogenin F 3-O-β-D-oleandropyranoside (2), together with three known compounds cynapanoside A (3), cynatratoside A (4), and neocynapanogenin F 3-O-β-D-oleandropyranoside (5) were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum paniculatum. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and NOESY.     

Lignan and flavonoid glycosides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Urtica laetevirens</Emphasis> Maxim.

A new compound named pinoresinol 4-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) together with six known compounds, isolariciresinol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside (4), luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), 5-methoxyluteolin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), and rutin (7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Urtica laetevirens Maxim. All of the above compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Iridoid glucoside, (3<Emphasis Type="Italic">R</Emphasis>)-oct-1-en-3-ol glycosides,and phenylethanoid from the aerial parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Caryopteris incana</Emphasis>

Eleven compounds of interest were isolated from the aerial parts of Caryopteris incana, specifically a new acyl derivative (3) of 8-O-acetylharpagide, two new (3R)-oct-1-en-3-ol glycosides (5, 6), and 6-O-caffeoylphlinoside A (11) along with seven known compounds, 8-O-acetylharpagide (1), 6′-O-p-coumaroyl-8-O-acetylharpagide (2), (3R)-oct-1-en-3-ol (matsutake alcohol) O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1″ → 6′)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin 7-O-neohesperidinoside (7), 6′-O-caffeoylarbutin (8), and two phenylethanoids, leucosceptoside A (9) and phlinoside A (10). This paper deals with structural elucidation of the new compounds.     

Free radical scavengers from the aerial parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphorbia petiolata</Emphasis>

Reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia petiolata Banks & Soland, an endemic Iranian medicinal plant, yielded ten free radical scavengers including eight flavonoid glycosides myricetin 3-O-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-galloyl)-glucoside (2), myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (3), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (7), and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (10), a coumarin esculetin (8) and a phenylpropanoid 2-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid (9). The structures of these compounds were elucidated conclusively by spectroscopic means and also by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with respective published data. The free radical scavenging properties of these compounds were assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.     

Two new flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Cleome chelidonii L.f.

From the leaves of Cleome chelidonii L.f., two new flavonol glycosides, named cleomesides A (1) and B (2), and four known compounds, quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside (3), ethyl α-galactopyranoside (4), adenine (5) and glycerol monostearate (6), were isolated. The structures of all isolated compounds (1–6) were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The data of known compounds (3–6) were further compared with the reported data for these compounds.     

Chemical constituents from Astilbe chinensis

A new compound, 11-O-(3′-O-methylgalloyl)-bergenin (1), along with 11 known compounds (2–12), has been isolated from the rhizome of Astilbe chinensis. The chemical structure of compound 1 was determined by IR, MS, and NMR spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for the cytotoxic activity in vitro, and compound 4 showed a moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells.     

Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla

Three new mexicanolide-type limonoids, 3-O-propionylproceranolide (1), 6-O-acetylswietenin B (2), and 6-deoxyswietemahonin A (3), together with 15 known limonoids, were isolated from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae). The structures of those new compounds were established by extensive analysis of MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data.     

Polyphenolic compounds isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis

Four hydrolyzable tannins [oenothein B (1), eugeniflorin D₂ (2), and tellimagrandins I (3) and II (4)], two related polyphenolic compounds [gallic acid (5) and quinic acid 3,5-di-O-gallate (6)], and four myricetin glycosides [myricetins 3-O-β-d-xyloside (7), 3-O-β-d-galactoside (8), 3-O-β-d-galactoside 6″-O-gallate (9), and 3-O-α-l-rhamnoside (10)] were isolated from the leaves of Myrtus communis. Antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.     

Note: A New Flavone from Hypericum Wightianum

A new flavone, wightianin (1), along with five known compounds, n-triacontanol (2), betulinic acid (3), oleanolic acid (4), 3,4-O-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (5), and isoquercitrin (6), were isolated from the whole plants of Hypericum wightianum Wall ex Wight et Arn. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data, including 2D NMR techniques.     

Constituents of the root of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anemone tomentosa</Emphasis>

A new diterpene glycoside, tomentoside I (1), along with eleven known compounds, including the four coumarins, 4,5-dimethoxyl-7-methylcoumarin (2), 4,7-dimethoxyl-5-methylcoumarin (3), isofraxidin (4) and fraxidin (5) as well as the seven triterpenoids, oleanolic acid (6), oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (7), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), hederagenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (9), betulinic acid (10), 18-hydroxyursolic acid (11) and 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (12) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the root of Anemone tomentosa and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1–12 were measured using the agar disc-diffusion method. Also, their antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were evaluated.     

A new isoflavone glycoside from the stem bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sophora japonica</Emphasis>

A new isoflavone glycoside, 6-methoxy-7-hydroxy-4′-O-β-d-glucosyl isoflavone, glycitein-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (10), along with nine known flavonoids, were isolated from the stem bark of Sophora japonica. The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data (1D -, 2D - NMR and HRMS). The inhibitory effects of all the isolated compounds on aldose reductase were evaluated in vitro. Among these compounds, daidzein (1), puerol A (4), and paratensein-7-O-glucoside (9) exhibited potent inhibitory effects, with IC₅₀ values of 3.2, 6.4, and 1.9 μM, respectively.     

Chemical constituents from Mahkota dewa

A new phenolic glycoside (1), mahkoside A, together with six known compounds including mangiferin (2), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (3), dodecanoic acid (4), palmitic acid (5) ethyl stearate (6) and sucrose (7), were isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All the compounds were isolated from the title plant for the first time.     

Phenolic compounds from the twigs and leaves of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa)

Two new homoisoflavans, 4′-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-benzyl-2H-chromene (1) and 3,4-cis-di-O-3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-ethoxychroman (2), one new coumarin, 7-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)coumarin (4), together with seven known phenolic compounds, bonducellin (3), anemarcoumarin A (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), curuilignan D (7), scopoletin (8), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), were isolated from Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa Kuntze). The structures of the new compounds were characterized from their 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Irritant and co-carcinogenic diterpene esters from the latex of Euphorbia cauducifolia L.

Ten (1–10) irritant and mild co-carcinogenic diterpene esters were isolated from the latex of Euphorbia cauducifolia L. using bioassay-guided countercurrent distribution and other chromatographic techniques. The isolated compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic results and mass measurements. As an outcome, the ingenane-type esters were established with the following structures: 3-O-angeloyl-17-O-palmatoylingenol (1), 3-O-palmatoyl-5-O-angeloylingenol (2), 5-O-angeloyl-17-O-palmatoylingenol (3), 3-O-angeloyl-5-O-palmatoylingenol (4), 17-O-(2Z,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-tetradecatrienoyl-20-O-palmatoylingenol (5), 5-O-angeloyl-17-O-benzoylingenol (6), 5-O-angeloyl-17,20-diacetoxyingenol (7), 3-O-angeloyl-17-O-benzoyl-20-acetoxyingenol (8), 3-acetoxy-5-O-angeloyl-17-O-benzoylingenol (9), and 5-O-angeloyl-3,17,20-triacetoxyingenol (10). Their biological screening revealed that they are moderate irritants, and low to moderate tumor promoters compared to TPA, but hardly showed any solitary carcinogenic activity. The isolated esters represent new compounds and were not reported before from any source.     

Further flavonol and iridoid glycosides from Ajuga remota aerial parts

Five new iridoid glycosides characterised as 6-keto-8-acetylharpagide (1), 6,7-dehydro-8-acetylharpagide (2), 7,8-dehydroharpagide (3), 8-acetylharpagide-6-O-β-glucoside (4), harpagide-6-O-β-glucoside (5) together with three flavonol glycosides, myricetin 3-O-rutinoside-4′-O-rutinoside (6), myricetin 3-O-rutinoside-3′-O-rutinoside (7) and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-rutinoside-4′-O-β-glucoside (8) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Ajuga remota. Also isolated were two known compounds ajugarin IV and ajugarin V. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, FAB-MS, HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.     

Three new sulfated triterpenoids from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica

Three new sulfated triterpenoids (1–3), along with one known compound (4), were isolated from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica Kom. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3β-O-sulfate gypsogenin 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3β-O-sulfate gypsogenin (2), and 3β-O-sulfate quillaic acid (3) on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS methods.     

Triterpenoid glycoside from Cimicifuga racemosa

One new triterpene glycoside, cimiracemoside (I), and 14 known triterpene glycosides have been isolated from the rhizome extracts of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, the structure of the new compound was elucidated to be 12β-acetoxycimigenol-3-O-β-d-xylopranoside (1), and the known compounds were identified to be 25—acetylcimigenol xyloside (2), cimigenol-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (3), acetin (4), 27-deoxyacetin (5), cimicifugoside H-1 (6), 23-O-acetylshengmanol 3-O-β-d-xylopranoside (7), foetidinol-3-O-β-xyloside (8), cimicifugoside H-2 (9), 25-O-methylcimigenol xyloside (10), 21-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (11), 24-epi-7,8—didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside (12), cimidahurinine (13), cimidahurine (14) and cimifugin (15). The compounds 1–5, 14, and 15 showed weak antibacterial activities in the agar diffusion assay.     

甘草酸及其苷元甘草次酸的盐皮质激素样作用研究进展

甘草酸在体内水解成甘草次酸,甘草次酸的化学结构类似于甾体激素,因此甘草酸是甘草次酸的前体药物.甘草酸和甘草次酸是甾体激素代谢失活酶(尤其是Ⅱ型11β-羟化甾体脱氢酶)抑制剂,可提高内源性和外源性皮质激素的活性.甘草酸和甘草次酸又可作为配体,与皮质激素受体结合呈现出糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素样作用.因此长期使用甘草或甘草酸类...