经(鼻)面罩双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭昏迷

目的评价经（鼻）面罩双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者的疗效。方法应用（鼻）面罩BiPAP呼吸机对10例COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者进行机械通气治疗，观察通气前后的临床表现及血气分析，并与8例行常规药物治疗的患者进行比较。结果无创通气组动脉血pH、PaCO2在通气后有明显改善（P〈O．001），好转8例（8／10，80．0％），药物治疗组好转5例（5／8，62．5％），两组比较差异有显著意义（P〈O．05）。结论经（鼻）面罩BiPAP通气治疗对COPDⅡ型呼吸衰竭昏迷患者有效，昏迷并不是经（鼻）面罩BiPAP通气的禁忌证。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并严重呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的：观察使用双水平无创正压通气（BiPAP）模式治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）所至严重呼吸衰竭的临床疗效和副作用．方法：用无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗COPD所至严重呼吸衰竭患者54例（昏迷组27例，非昏迷组27例），观察平均住院日、气管插管率、病死率以及通气前后心率及血气指标变化．未使用呼吸机的常规治疗组26例做为对照．结果：NPPV组住院时间缩短，气管插管率和住院病死率下降，与常规治疗组比较有统计学差异；NPPV治疗组无论是昏迷患者还是非昏迷患者通气后心率下降、血气指标改善，与通气前比较有统计学差异．结论：用BiPAP模式行NPPV是治疗COPD所至严重呼吸衰竭的有效方法，合并意识障碍的患者也有效，及早应用能迅速缓解病情，缩短住院时间，降低病死率．     

间歇无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨间歇应用无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效及并发症。方法将COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者42例随机分为两组：间歇无创通气组（A组,21例）给予常规治疗＋间歇无创通气治疗;持续无创通气组（B组,21例）给予常规治疗＋持续无创通气治疗。记录治疗24h和72h后患者的动脉血气pH、PaO2、PaCO2变化以及并发症。结果两组的有效率、血气分析值、失败率以及住院天数差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,副作用发生率A组较B组有明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论间歇无创正压通气与持续无创正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭疗效相似,前者并发症明显减少,患者依从性好。     

BiPAP无创机械通气治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效观察．

目的评价双水平正压通气（BiPAP）呼吸机无创机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法87例60岁以上COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者，分为治疗组41例和对照组46例，两组均给予常规药物治疗，治疗组同时给予BiPAP呼吸机进行无创机械通气治疗。结果BiPAP耐受良好的26例患者，治疗后其动脉血氧分压（PaO2）和二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．01）；与对照组比较，平均住院天数缩短（P〈0．05）、血气改善时间提前（P〈0．01）、血气改善程度更好（P〈0．05）；BiPAP治疗还可以减慢呼吸和心率的频率（P〈0．01），而对患者血压水平无明显影响（P〉0．05）；且无1例发生腹胀、皮肤压伤、气压伤或呼吸机相关肺炎。结论经鼻罩BiPAP呼吸机无创机械通气是治疗老年COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的一种安全有效的方法。     

无创正压通气在不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者中疗效观察

目的观察无创正压通气（noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation,NPPV）治疗不气管插管慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并急性呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法开展采用NPPV治疗COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭伴意识障碍有气管插管指征、拒绝气管插管患者疗效的前瞻性观察研究。27例COPD伴意识障碍患者为研究组,13例意识清醒患者为对照组,观察NPPV治疗前、治疗4h及72h后的临床症状和血气分析及住院病死率。结果不同程度意识障碍者27例BiPAP无创通气4h后18例（67.7%）好转,无意识障碍患者中92.9%（12/13）BiPAP无创通气治疗成功。结论 NPPV可以有效地逆转选择不插管的COPD合并急性呼吸衰竭。     

双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法加例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为BiPAP通气加常规治疗组（治疗组）和单用常规治疗组（对照组）各20例，定期记录生命体征、血气分析变化，观察2组的治疗效果。结果通气4h后2组比较，治疗组较对照组PaO2、pH明显增加，PaCO2、心率和呼吸频率降低（P〈0．05）；24h后改善情况更为明显。对照组需气管插管者12例（60．0％），而治疗组仅3例（15．0％），2组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组中1例（5．0％）死亡，对照组中3例（15％）死亡，2组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论BiPAP通气可作为COPD合并呼吸衰竭的一线治疗手段。     

无刨正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭80例临床疗效分析

目的探讨无创正压通气治疗COPD并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法80例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组常规治疗的基础上采用BiPAP呼吸机,经口鼻面罩正压通气。结果治疗组在予无创通气后pH、PaO2均较入院时有明显改善（P〈0．05）,而PaCO：在4h有所下降,但差异无显著性,72h后PaCO2也有明显下降（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后的心率、呼吸频率与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,明显降低。结论无创正压通气在治疗COPD的疗效是肯定的,值得临床推广。     

无创双水平气道正压通气联合纳洛酮治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺性脑病临床观察

目的：评价无创双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）联合纳洛酮对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺性脑病的临床疗效。方法：将本院收治的60例COPD呼吸衰竭合并肺性脑病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,对照组给予常规治疗及BiPAP无创通气常规治疗;治疗组则在给予常规治疗及BiPAP无创通气的同时加用纳洛酮。通气前、通气3h及通气24h病情稳定后复查动脉血气分析。结果：治疗组治疗成功26例,病情加重需气管插管机械通气治疗4例;对照组治疗成功18例,需气管插管机械通气治疗12例。治疗组气管插管率明显低于对照组。对照组治疗3h后PaO2增加（P〈0．05）,但pH和PaCO2均无明显改变（P均〉0．05）,部分患者甚至加重;24h时PaO2维持在较高水平,pH和PaCO2改善仍不明显。结论：BiPAP联合纳洛酮治疗COPD呼吸衰竭合并肺性脑病可以改善患者的人机同步性,提高无创正压通气的疗效,降低气管插管率,值得推广应用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并重度呼吸衰竭应用无创正压通气的临床探讨

目的：探讨无创正压通气（NPPV）在慢性阻塞性晡：疾病（COPD）重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍患者中的临床应用。方法：选择COPD重度呼吸衰竭与有不同程度的神志障碍者32例,在综合治疗的基础上,对患者应用无创正压呼吸机面罩辅助通气,采』q止苦治疗前后对照,动态观察NPPV治疗前和通气治疗后2h、24h、72h动脉血气分析、神志变化以及NPPV的不良反应及并发症。结果：无创正压通气（NPPV）32例患者,通气前与无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗后比较,PaO2明显升高,P〈0．01,PaCO2明显降低,P〈0．01,PH明显升高,P〈0．01,具有统计学意义。结论：对COPD重度呼吸衰竭伴有不同程度的神志障碍者给予无创正压通气治疗,合理地调整参数,准确掌握吸气支持压力,可以得到满意的治疗效果。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果

目的：观察无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法：32例COPD合并呼吸衰竭老年患者在常规综合治疗的同时，选用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气，在机械通气前、机械通气后2小时、24小时及通气结束时作血气分析，并观察临床效果。结果：与治疗前相比，无创正压通气后2小时、24小时及治疗结束时，pH值改善（P〈0．05），PaO2上升（P〈0．01），PaCO2下降（P〈0．01）。28例患者好转出院。4例患者因不能耐受鼻（面）罩而改用气管插管治疗。结论：无创正压通气对COPD急性加重合并呼吸衰竭疗效显著，避免了气管插管，减少了呼吸机相关性肺炎。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.