人类免疫缺陷病毒,艾滋病病毒1型艾滋病患者CD4+T淋巴细胞水平与机会感染及病毒载量的相关性分析

目的  分析人类免疫缺陷病毒,艾滋病病毒-1（HIV-1）型艾滋病（AIDS）患者体内CD4+T淋巴细胞水平与艾滋病病毒载量及机会性感染的相关性。方法  通过Real-time PCR OBASAmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan全自动病毒载量仪（Roche公司）和流式细胞仪（FACSCOUNT）绝对计数法对95例HIV-1型AIDS患者定量检测血浆中HIV-1 RNA和CD4+T淋巴细胞数。结果  低文化程度的35～50岁已婚男性农民是HIV-1型AIDS患者的多见人群,主要通过性传播途径感染;机会感染最常见部位是呼吸系统感染90例次（51.5％）;机会感染发病率最多的是细菌性肺炎48例次（27.4％）;根据CD4+T淋巴细胞计数分层水平分为5组,细菌性肺炎、卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎、肺结核、口腔念珠菌感染、隐球菌脑膜炎、感染性腹泻及单纯疱疹各自在5组间比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,其余机会感染各自在5组间比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;CD4+T细胞计数低于200个/μl时,机会感染发生例次率为97.7%;病毒量<103拷贝/ml的AIDS中,以CD4+T细胞数在200～399个/μl的个体较多（75%）,病毒量≥105拷贝/ml的AIDS中,CD4+T细胞数在<200个/μl的个体45例（73.8%）;CD4+T淋巴细胞值与病毒载量对数值呈负相关（r =-0.34,P <0.01）。结论  AIDS患者机会性感染的发生率高,随病毒载量上升CD4+T淋巴细胞数呈现不同程度的下降趋势,CD4+T细胞计数是AIDS患者发生机会性感染的独立危险因素,加强对患者CD4+T细胞计数观察是预测机会性感染的重要手段。

     

商洛市HIV患者机会感染与CD_4关系分析

目的分析HIV/AIDS患者机会感染的特点及与CD4细胞计数之间的关系。方法采用流式细胞技术对96例患者CD4细胞计数,分析不同CD4水平患者的机会感染情况。结果 96例患者中有46例发生机会感染,主要临床症状有:咳嗽、发烧、消廋、乏力、口腔白斑、腹泻等;机会感染主要有:口念珠菌感染、肺炎、带状疱疹、肺结核等。当CD4细胞数≥200/μl时,感染率为25.0%,机会感染发病率较低,当CD4细胞数<200/μl时,感染率为63.1%,机会感染显著升高。结论随着CD4细胞的计数减少,HIV/AIDS患者机会感染发病率显著升高,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。     

HIV/AIDS患者机会感染特点及与CD_4的关系探讨

目的:探讨HIV/AIDS患者机会感染的特点及与CD4细胞计数之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析100例患者在治疗4个月内机会性感染的特点,采用流式细胞术对患者CD4细胞计数,分析患者机会感染与CD4细胞计数之间的关系。结果:100例患者中有48例发生机会感染,共计98例次,其中口腔白假丝酵母菌感染的发生率最高,其次为带状疱疹,结核分支杆菌感染等;当CD4≥200个/μl时,机会感染发病率较低,当CD4<200个/μl时,机会感染发病率明显升高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并随着CD4的计数减少,机会感染的发病率越来越高,两两之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HIV/AIDS患者机会感染发病率高,随着CD4细胞的计数减少,患者机会感染的发病率、累及部位增加,病情也愈加凶险,将CD4细胞的计数作为一项常规工作进行检测,对提高患者的生存质量和生存率有着重要的临床意义。     

江苏省HIV感染者和艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗1年后CD4+T淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的 :了解江苏省首次接受艾滋病免费抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者治疗1年后CD4+T变化及影响因素。方法 :收集江苏省首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和治疗随访1年时均有CD4+T细胞检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS患者资料,随访截止时间为2014年5月31日。建立Excel数据库并用SPSS16.0软件进行分析。结果:首次接受抗病毒治疗的基线和随访1年时均有CD4+T检测结果记录的HIV/AIDS共3 290例。81.4%为江苏省籍,男女比例为4.36∶1,平均年龄(39.7±12.1)岁。感染途径主要为性传播。入组时基线CD4+T细胞计数均数为185.81个/μl。治疗1年后的CD4+T细胞均数为312.20个/μl。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、基线CD4+T高、在疾控中心治疗和临床Ⅰ期的HIV/AIDS患者,其CD4+T较基线增长值≥100个/μl的比例低。结论:江苏省HIV/AIDS抗病毒治疗对免疫功能恢复效果显著,应继续规范、早期开展抗病毒治疗工作。     

河南省116例首诊艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗免疫学效果评价

目的分析河南省2009年首诊为艾滋病(AIDS)后随即接受抗病毒治疗的患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的变化情况。方法收集河南省艾滋病检测实验室网络数据库登记的116例河南省2009年首诊为AIDS后当年即接受抗病毒治疗的患者资料,将其按照治疗前CD4+T淋巴细胞数分成3组(<20个/μl,20~99个/μl和100~350个/μl),使用SPSS 14.0软件对患者治疗前、治疗后约2个月及5个月的CD4+T淋巴细胞数进行统计学分析。结果首诊后接受治疗的3组患者在治疗约2个月后CD4+T细胞计数同治疗前比较都有提高[<20个/μl组:(84.93±64.33)个/μlvs(9.39±5.10)个/μl,P=0.000;20~99个/μl组:(178.71±135.34)个/μlvs(46.62±18.71)个/μl,P=0.001;100~350个/μl组:(316.81±128.81)个/μlvs(197.66±67.59)个/μl,P=0.002],但是在治疗5个月后3组患者CD4+T细胞计数同治疗2个月时比较差异均无统计学意义。治疗前CD4+T细胞基线低的组达到的治疗效果较差。结论早发现、早治疗仍应是河南省开...     

CD4~+细胞值对艾滋病患者临床护理的指导价值

目的:探讨CD4+细胞计数对艾滋病(AIDS)患者机会性感染护理观察的指导价值。方法:将57例艾滋病患者随机分为两组,指导组按CD4+细胞计数指导艾滋病护理,常规组按艾滋病常规护理。结果:CD4+细胞计数变化与艾滋病患者机会性感染的发生及预后有密切关系。两组病死率与机会性感染发生率比较差别有统计学意义。结论:CD4+细胞计数可指导临床观察病情变化,预测疾病转归及可能发生的机会性感染,为制定护理措施提供理论依据。     

HIV/HCV双重感染者抗HCV治疗时机的探讨

目的探讨HIV/HCV双重感染者抗HCV治疗的时机。方法根据基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数将HIV/HCV双重感染者分为A、B、C 3组,A组19例(CD4+T淋巴细胞计数>350个/μl)采用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a(PEG-IFNα-2a)135或180μg皮下注射,1次/周,利巴韦林900～1 200 mg口服,1次/d,48周为1个疗程;B组14例(CD4+T淋巴细胞计数200～350个/μl)先给予高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)治疗8周,再采用A组相同的方案治疗;C组30例(CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl)先给予HAART,复查CD4+T淋巴细胞计数>200个/μl并持续8周以上再采用A组相同方案治疗。分别在基线及治疗后12周、24周、48周、72周复查患者丙型肝炎病毒RNA(HCV-RNA)和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数。结果 3组患者中早期病毒学应答(EVR)29例(46.03%),持续病毒学应答(SVR)28例(44.44%)。A+B组的EVR(69.70%)和SVR(66.67%)均高于C组(EVR为20.00%、SVR为20.00%)。结论 CD4+T淋巴细胞计数>200个/μl是HIV/HCV双重感染者抗HCV治疗的最佳时机,其疗效和单纯丙肝患者相近,但CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl者疗效较差。     

HIV/AIDS患者初始抗病毒治疗基线特点分析

目的：研究基线时人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者的临床特点,为预防和控制艾滋病机会性感染提供依据。方法采集2013年1月至2014年1月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染中心随访并初次接受艾滋病抗逆转录病毒(ART)治疗的成年HIV/AIDS患者的基线资料并分析其临床特点。结果本研究共纳入1094例HIV/AIDS患者,其中男性1012例,女性82例,以30~44岁者居多,以性传播途径为主,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽咳痰、乏力、消瘦等,其中呼吸系统机会性感染发生率达53.3%,其次为消化系统机会性感染(28.9%)。肺部感染、PCP、口腔真菌感染、带状疱疹、CMV视网膜炎和淋巴瘤的发生率在CD4<200个/μl组显著高于CD4≥200个/μl组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论艾滋病的临床表现复杂多样,机会性感染以呼吸系统最为常见,CD4细胞水平与机会性感染的发生密切相关。密切观察HIV/AIDS患者的临床症状,定期检测CD4细胞,有利于早期预防和控制机会性感染,提高HIV/AIDS患者的生活质量。     

艾滋病患者合并机会性感染的临床特点及预后分析

背景 目前我国人类免疫缺陷病毒感染人数已达100万以上.因艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)死亡人数高居所有传染病死亡人数之首,其致死主要原因为艾滋病相关的机会性感染.目的 分析AIDS合并机会性感染患者的临床特点,探讨引起机会性感染的易感因素及机会性感染患者死亡的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院第五医学中心2011-2018年收治的398例AIDS患者的临床资料,其中174例合并机会性感染患者.结果 AIDS合并机会性感染患者最主要的3个临床表现为发热(82.18％)、咳嗽(62.07％)、乏力(45.98％),同时机会性感染发生的部位以呼吸道感染最为常见(73.56％).174例合并机会性感染患者中死亡35例,病死率20.11％,入院时基线CD4+T淋巴细胞数量<200/μL(OR=4.365,95％CI:1.045～18.232)及未行高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(OR=4.777,95％CI:1.072～21.291)是患者死亡的独立影响因素.结论 AIDS患者CD4+T淋巴细胞数量越少,发生机会性感染的概率越高;入院时CD4+T淋巴细胞数量、是否已启动高效抗逆转录病毒治疗与患者预后密切相关.     

CD_4~+在HIV感染者/AIDS患者病程中的意义

目的　探讨艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者 /艾滋病 (AIDS)患者临床症状和机会性感染与CD+ 4 细胞数之间的关系。方法　对 2 2例HIV感染者 /AIDS患者CD+ 4 、CD+ 8进行了 3 6例次的检测。结果　CD+ 4 >2 0 0个 / μL时 ,共发生机会性感染 3人次 ( 3 3 .3 % ) ,CD+ 4 <2 0 0个 / μL时 ,共发生机会性感染 2 0人次 ( 95 .8% ) ,CD+ 4 <10 0个 / μL时 ,共发生机会性感染 2人次 ( 10 0 % )。结论　HIV感染者 /AIDS患者在CD+ 4 >2 0 0个 / μL时 ,机会性感染的发生较少 ,CD+ 4 <2 0 0个 /μL时 ,机会性感染的发生率明显增加     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.