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1.
Objective To review current pharmacologic treatment options for erectile dysfunction.
Methods Relevant literatures from the past two decades regarding the following treatments were reviewed: intracavernous injection, topical therapy, transurethral therapy and oral drugs.
Study selection
More than 125 originally identified articles were reviewed, and 45 were selected
that especially addressed the stated purpose.
Results
Among the pharmacologic treatment options available, intracavernous injection th
erapy remains the most effective although the drop-out rate is high.Topical creams and gels have not been very successful.Transurethral alprostadil can be more effective if a constriction device is applied at the base of the penis.Oral sildenafil has the highest patient acceptance rate although systemic side effects can be a major drawback.
Conclusions Effective pharmacotherapies for ED of various etiologies are now available.However, proper evaluation of every patient should be performed before giving treatment so that a number of potentially life-threatening causes of erectile dysfunction would not be missed.  相似文献   

2.
Objective To study the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosal injury and endotoxin/bacterial translocation in acute severe pancreatitis (ASP) in pigs.
Methods
ASP was induced by intraductal injection of a mixture of s
odium taurocholate and trypsin. BN50739, a specific antagonist of PAF, was given 30 min prior to the induction of ASP. Mucosal blood flow, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Intestinal injury was observed microscopically. Portal blood endotoxin levels and the bacterial counts in the portal blood, intestinal lymph nodes and the pancreas were determined.
Results
Prior antagonism of PAF by BN50739 reduced intestinal injury, increased intestin
al mucosal blood flow, and reduced blood levels of endotoxin and bacterial counts in the portal blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and pancreas.
Conclusions
Intestinal mucosal injury developed in ASP. PAF is responsible for the injury.
Antagonism of PAF by BN50739 can improve intestinal microcirculation and reduce the severity of intestinal mucosal injury, which may decrease endotoxin/bacterial translocation.  相似文献   

3.
4.
Objective To study the relationship between metabolic phenotype of acetylation and bladder cancer.
Methods
Totally 203 healthy volunteers and 67 patients with bladder cancer were investig
ated with caffeine as a metabolic probe.Urine samples were collected in 2-6 hours after a cup of 140 mg coffee was taken, and the caffeine metabolites, 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-1-methyluracil (AFMU) and 1-methylxanthine (1X) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The frequency histogram and probit plot were constructed to select the critical value which was used to assess slow and fast acetylation status both in healthy volunteers and patients with bladder cancer.
Results
The peak height ratios of AFMU and 1X (AFMU/1X) were from 0.06 to 6.50 for hea
lthy volunteers and 0.10 to 6.31 for patients with bladder cancer, both with the critical value of 1.10. Of 203 healthy volunteers involved in this study, 26.3% were slow acetylacors, as compared to 46.3% with slow acetylacors in patients with bladder cancer.The odds ratio is 2.376, and the gene frequency for healthy volunteers and patients with urinary bladder cancer were 0.5218 and 0.6804, respectively.
Conclusions
N-acetylation status in the Chinese population is polymorphic and completely co
ncordant with that determined with other metabolic probes.Slow acetylators are significantly associated with bladder cancer.   相似文献   

5.
Objective To establish rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and study the pathological characteristics of airflow obstruction.
Method
SO2 inhalation method was used to establish rat mode
ls. After exposure to SO2 for 7 weeks, peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), intratracheal pressure (IP) and IP slope in rat were measured by Maclab data recording and analysis system. Experimental rats with PEF less than 80% of the mean of the normal rats were classified as airflow obstructed, while those with PEF greater than 80% of mean of normal rats were non-obstructed. Pathological changes in airway and lung tissue were compared between these two groups.
Result
In experimental animals, PEF was significantly decreased
(P<0.005) and IP slope increased (P<0.001) as compared with normal rats. Epithelial damage, goblet cell hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in cartilaginous bronchi were more remarkable in experimental rats with airflow obstruction than those without airflow obstruction (P<0.001, <0 .01, <0.001, respectively). Furthermore, pathological changes in airway lumen, epithelium and airway wall in membranous and respiratory bronchioles were more marked in experimental rats with airflow obstruction than those without airflow obstruction (P<0.001 or P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between PEF values and epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle hyperplasia and mucous plug in membranous and respiratory bronchioles (P<0.001 or P<0. 05).
Conclusion
SO2 inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis with a
irflow obstruction, i.e. COPD in rats. COPD was induced in 64% (16 of 25) of the experimental group rats.  相似文献   

6.
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer (CaP) in the mainland of China.
Methods
The incidence of BPH and CaP in urological hospital was investigated in 1997 in
26 provinces and 4 metropolises scattered over the mainland of China. The change of hospital incidences of BPH and CaP in the Institute of Urology, Beijing Medical University from 1951 to 1997 was also reviewed. Results The incidence of BPH and CaP in 1997 in 187 hospitals scattered over the mainland of China was 16.1% (15 459/95 749) and 1.5% (1389/95 749), respectively. The incidence of BPH and CaP in the Institute of Urology, Beijing University from 1951 to 1960 was 7.6% and 0.6%, respectively, while it was 18.5% and 3.4% from 1991 to 1997.
Conclusion
The hospital incidence of BPH and CaP is rising rapidly in China, but CaP is sti
ll not a common disease in China.   相似文献   

7.
Objective To study the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D[3] (1,25(OH)2D3) on the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7.
Methods
Cell number was determined using the MTT method. Flow cytometric analysis was p
erformed on cell cycles, and the percentage of apoptosis was counted. Apoptotic cells were quantified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and bcl-2 protein expression was estimated with Western blotting.
Results
After incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 10-7mol/L for 48 hours, MCF-7
cells exhibited significant growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that cell numbers in GO/G1increased along with increasing apoptotic peak and percentage. With microscope and electron microscope observation, characteristics of apoptosis such as typical apoptotic bodies were commonly found. TUNEL also showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 10-8mol/Land 10-7mol/L groups had significantly high apoptosis percentage than control group with dose-dependence on induction apoptosis. And Western blot showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 10-8mol/L could down-regulate bcl-2 protein and 10-7mol/L could almost block bcl-2 protein expression.
Conclusions
1,25(OH)2D3 can inhibit cell growth with GO/G1 arrest, enhance the proli
feration inhibition action of adriamycin, and induce apoptosis which may result from the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein.  相似文献   

8.
9.
Objective To evaluate the hypoxia-avid agent 99m Tc-HL91 (99m Tc labeled 4, 9-diaza-3, 3, 10, 10-tetramethyldodecan-2, 11-dione dioxime) as the tracer of tumor "hot spot" imaging and the influence of tumor necrosis on the image.
Methods
After injection of 99m Tc-HL91, 6 nude mice bearing human breas
t cancer MCF-7 and 18 nude mice bearing human pancreatic adenocarcinoma were subjected to gamma camera imaging, postmortem analysis, and autoradiography and imaging of tumor sections.
Results
The image of tumor was identified 1 hour after injection of 99m T
c-HL91.Images demonstrated gradually increased 99m Tc-HL91 uptake in the tumor 1-12 hours after injection (P<0.05-0.001).Six hours after injection, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to thorax and tumor to head were higher than 2.1.Six hours after injection, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to brain, muscle, blood, heart, lung and kidney in pancreatic adenocarcinoma bearing nude mice were 101.0±114.7, 30.0±30.3, 19.9±21.9, 14.4±15.1, 3.71±2.41 and 0.46±0.26, respectively, and the radioactivity ratios in breast cancer MCF-7 bearing nude mice were close to these figures.The radioactivity of non-necrotic tumor was 3.77 times that of necrotic tumor.However, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to liver, intestine and stomach were lower than 1.3. Autoradiographs and images of tumor sections showed that the radioactivity was higher in the region of solid tumor than in the necrotic region.
Conclusion
99m Tc-HL91 via gamma camera positively identifies regional t
umor in nude mice bearing human cancer.99m Tc-HL91 retention is lower in necrotic tumor than in non-necrotic tumor.The low radioactivity ratio of tumor to abdominal organs limits the application of 99m Tc-HL 91 in detecting abdominal tumors.   相似文献   

10.
Objective To establish a new method for analyzing the cell cycle in tumor which is a kind of cell cycle disease.
Methods
Mixtures of cyclin E and cyclin A antibodies were incubated with fixed MO
LT-4 cells, and measured by flow cytometry.
Results We developed a cyclin E+A/DNA flow cytometry analysis method, which may distingu
ish G0, early G1, late G1, S, G2 and M phase cells, rather than three phases in the DNA content histogram.
Conclusion
Cyclin E+A/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry can simultaneously differentiate in
the same sample six cell groups: G0, early G1, late G1, S, G2 and M phase cells. It performed better than any other cell cycle analysis methods that we have used and has a definite cell biology foundation.  相似文献   

11.
目的探讨不同寻常性天疱疮(PV)抗体亚型在PV中的作用。方法分别用完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)、铝[Al(OH)3]佐剂联合重组寻常型天疱疮抗原(PVA)细胞外区1~2融和蛋白免疫C57BL/6小鼠。免疫后对其细胞因子的类别、特异性抗体滴度和抗体亚型进行检测;并通过诱导新生鼠的动物模型评价其致病性。结果免疫后经细胞因子检测显示CFA组小鼠产生较多的Th1型细胞因子γ-干扰素(IFNγ),Al(OH)3组则以Th2型细胞因子白介素-4(IL-4)为主;抗体亚型的型别在CFA组中以IgG2a为主,而Al(OH)3组以IgG1为主。新生鼠被动转移实验显示,转移Al(OH)3组小鼠的抗血清可使被转移鼠皮肤出现糜烂,组织病理、免疫荧光均符合PV的表现,而CFA组小鼠的抗血清不能出现上述表现。结论相同PVA在不同免疫佐剂作用下可诱导产生不同抗体亚型;不同亚型的抗PVA抗体其致病性不同。  相似文献   

12.
目的 扩增人皮肤组织桥粒芯糖蛋白4(desmoglein 4,Dsg4)胞外区域EC1、EC2、EC3和EC4的核酸序列,为寻常型天疱疮(pemphigus vulgaris, PV)发病机制的研究提供依据.方法 根据GenBank中的Dsg4序列(登录号为AY177664)分析,通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法从人正常皮肤组织中抽提RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增皮肤组织桥粒芯糖蛋白4胞外区域EC1、EC2、EC3和EC4目的基因;应用基因重组技术将目的基因分别与质粒pET32a在T4 DNA连接酶作用下相连接,转化E.coli DH5α感受态细菌,用含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基平板筛选转化菌,阳性重组子DNA序列测定鉴定;重组融合蛋白经ELISA法与PV患者、正常对照组血清进行反应.结果 RT-PCR扩增产物经凝胶电泳得到均约为350 bp的4条条带;质粒载体pET32a连接的目的基因经序列测定后与在GenBank登录的Dsg4胞外区域EC1、EC2、EC3和EC4核酸序列完全一致,4个Dsg4胞外区域cDNA读码框架正确;Dsg4 EC1、EC2、EC3和EC4与患者血清反应,而不与正常对照组血清反应.结论 Dsg4胞外区域多肽片断在PV发病中可能有作用.  相似文献   

13.
Zuo YG  Wang BX  Ma DL  Cao BQ  Zhao JH  Guo Y 《中国医学科学院学报》2005,27(3):354-356,i003
目的探讨副肿瘤性天疱疮(PNP)患者血清中抗桥粒芯蛋白(DSG)抗体与头皮脱发之间的关系.方法收集我科收治的2例PNP,2例大疱性类天疱疮患者和5例正常人血清,及2例正常人头皮组织.采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测PNP患者血清中DSG 1和3抗体水平,间接免疫荧光法检测PNP患者血清与正常人头皮毛囊结合情况,同时采用正常人血清和大疱性类天疱疮患者血清作对照.结果2例PNP患者中,有1例抗DSG 3抗体强阳性,抗DSG1抗体弱阳性;另1例患者两种抗体均为阴性.2例患者血清均可与正常人头皮毛囊结合,表皮细胞间和毛囊的外毛跟鞘均可见荧光信号.大疱性类天疱疮患者血清只能与表皮基底膜带结合,正常人血清在基底膜带、表皮细胞间和毛囊均无任何荧光信号.结论PNP患者出现脱发可能与患者血清中抗DSG3抗体水平有关.  相似文献   

14.
Objective:To observe the effects of the recombinant chimeric toxin Dsg3EC1-2PE40 on T and B lymphocytes isolated from Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) patients to further study its biological therapeutic function for PV. Methods :Recombinant chimeric toxin Dsg3EC1-2PE40 was first identified, expressed and purified, and then its effects on T and B lymphocytes of PV patients in vitro were detected and quantified by ELISPOT assay and MTT assay. Results :The purity of the expressed protein Dsg3EC1-2PE40 was up to 80%. In ELISPOT assay, with Dsg3EC1-2PE40, the overall number of B cells that produce anti-Dsg3 antibodies among PV patients was only about 60% of the comparable number with Dsg3EC1-2. The proliferation of T cells of PV patients was inhibited markedly by Dsg3EC1-2PE40. There was significant difference between the different groups with Dsg3EC1-2PE40 and Dsg3EC1-2. Conclusion:The recombinant chimeric toxin Dsg3EC1-2PE40 decrease the number of B cells that produce anti-Dsg3 antibodies in PV patients and can inhibit or kill T cells of PV patients in vitro.  相似文献   

15.
目的:探讨从牛舌黏膜上皮中提取寻常型天疱疮抗原的可行性及其在天疱疮研究中的意义。方法:应用8mol/L尿素浸泡法制备牛舌黏膜上皮提取物,免疫印迹分析寻常型天疱疮患者血清中天疱疮抗体结合的靶抗原。结果:13例寻常型天疱疮全部检出IgG型和IgA型天疱疮抗体,它们分别识别牛舌黏膜上皮提取物中260ku,230ku,210ku,190ku,165ku,160ku,135ku,115ku,97ku,85ku,65ku和62ku多肽中一种或几种抗原。结论:从牛舌中提取寻常型天疱疮抗原的方法可行,适合于天疱疮抗体的免疫印迹检测。  相似文献   

16.
S H Fullerton  D T Woodley  B R Smoller  G J Anhalt 《JAMA》1992,267(11):1500-1502
Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a newly described syndrome in which patients have a severe mucocutaneous eruption with clinical features reminiscent of both erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and pemphigus vulgaris, in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignant neoplasms. These patients have autoantibodies that bind to a characteristic set of epidermal proteins: desmoplakin I and desmoplakin II (molecular weight equals 250 kd and 210 kd, respectively), both major cytoskeletal structural proteins associated with desmosome cellular junctions within all epithelia, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, a 230 kd protein associated with hemidesmosomes, and a 190,000-d protein that has not been characterized. In this report, we describe a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus who had (1) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in apparent complete remission following autologous bone marrow transplantation, (2) very tense blisters reminiscent of bullous pemphigoid, (3) a unique pattern of immune deposits within the skin, and (4) IgG deposits within the epithelium of the pulmonary bronchi associated with respiratory compromise.  相似文献   

17.
目的:探讨酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA )检测血清桥粒芯糖蛋白(Dsg )1和Dsg3在天疱疮诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法选择2014年1~12月在该科确诊为天疱疮的患者47例(观察组),同期排除天疱疮的患者52例为对照组。间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测抗表皮棘细胞桥粒抗体,ELISA检测Dsgl、Dsg3;分析其与天疱疮病情的相关性。结果 ELISA法的敏感性为95.74%,特异性为92.31%。IIF法敏感性为93.62%,特异性为86.54%。二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。30例寻常型天疱疮患者16例Dsg1、Dsg3均阳性,8例红斑型和5例落叶型天疱疮患者均只有Dsg1阳性,2例增殖型天疱疮Dsg1、Dsg3均为阳性。寻常型和增殖型天疱疮Dsg1、Dsg3滴度分别为130.85±86、112.30±85.05,疾病活动性评分(5.10±1.86)分,相关系数分别为 r=0.476(P=0.008)、r=0.816(P=0.001)。落叶型和红斑型天疱疮Dsg1滴度142.59±78.52,疾病活动评分平均为(2.77±0.92)分,r=0.800,P=0.001。结论 ELISA检测Dsg1、Dsg3敏感性、特异性高,有助于天疱疮的诊断及病情严重程度的评价。  相似文献   

18.
Background The presence of autoantibodies against multiple epidermal proteins is an important feature in paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). Circulating anti-desmoglein 3 autoantibody, the major pathogenic autoantibody in pemphigus vulgaris (PV), has been proved pathogenic in PNP. Because of many clinical differences between PNP and PV, we speculate about the involvement of other autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of PNP. Envoplakin (EPL) and periplakin (PPL) are recognized by most PNP sera. Their linker subdomains are highly homologous and necessary for the association of intermediate filaments. Methods We characterized the autoantibodies against the linker subdomains of EPL and PPL in PNP patients' sera and their associated tumors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorence. We also applied the purified autoantibodies against EPL and PPL from PNP sera to cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), to evaluate the changes of cell-cell adhesion. Results Autoantibodies against EPL and PPL were detected in most PNP patients by ELISA, and the decrease of these autoantibodies after removal of the tumors was roughly comparable to the improvement of clinical symptoms. Cultured tumor cells from PNP patients secreted these autoantibodies. Specific immunoglobulin receptors for EPL and PPL were found on B lymphocytes in tumors from PNP. Furthermore, purified anti-EPL and anti-PPL autoantibodies from PNP sera were capable of dissociating cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. Conclusion Autoantibodies against EPL and PPL may also be pathogenic in PNP.  相似文献   

19.
目的 研究Th17细胞相关细胞因子IL-23和IL-17在寻常型天疱疮(PV)发病机制中的作用.方法 采用免疫荧光染色法分析PV患者皮损组织和健康人皮肤组织中Th17细胞相关因子IL-17和IL-23的表达及CD163~+巨噬细胞的分布.结果 IL-23~+细胞的染色与CD163~+巨噬细胞的染色重叠.PV患者真皮中IL-23~+ CD163~+细胞和IL-17~+细胞在每个视野(×200)中的平均数分别为80.17±5.42和48.17±8.03,而正常人真皮中分别为29.50±4.45和9.50±3.35,两组差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01).真皮层中IL-23~+细胞数和IL-17~+细胞数存在相关性(r=0.945,P〈0.001).结论 CD163~+巨噬细胞是IL-23重要分泌源;IL-23和IL-17在PV患者皮损组织中高表达,IL-23/lL-17细胞因子轴在PV发病机制中可能起着非常重要的作用.  相似文献   

20.
目的:观察臭氧水疗辅助治疗寻常型天疱疮患者的疗效。方法:32例住院治疗的寻常型天疱疮患者使用 臭氧水疗作为皮疹的辅助治疗;同期住院治疗的34例寻常型天疱疮患者采用高锰酸钾溶液湿敷或泡澡作为对照。两 组患者治疗中均使用激素及免疫抑制药作为主要的治疗手段。观察患者住院期间皮疹好转情况,皮疹处细菌感染情 况及抗生素的使用率,评价患者满意度,对两组疗效进行比较。结果:臭氧水疗组与对照组的疗效及平均住院日 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但住院期间臭氧水疗组抗生素使用率较对照组显著减少(P=0.039),治疗第7天患者对臭 氧水疗的满意度明显高于对照组(P>0.05)。结论:臭氧水疗是天疱疮安全有效的辅助治疗手段,可以减少抗生素的 使用率。  相似文献   

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