Complications of the locking plate for displaced proximal humeral fractures

Background Although the locking plate has become popular for treating displaced proximal humeral fractures in recent years, the complications of this method are still underestimated. We tried to evaluate the factors that have an influence on the complications experienced after proximal humeral fractures fixed by locking plates and compare the results from patients having complications with those having no complications. Methods From September 2004 to September 2007, 92 out of 111 displaced proximal humeral fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate were available for follow-up, with an average time of 15.2 months （12-36 months）. The range of motion, Visual Analog Score （VAS） for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons＇ Form （ASES）, Constant-Murley, University of California-Los Angles scoring system （UCLA） score, and Simple Shoulder Test （SST） for function evaluation was all recorded at the latest follow-up. The results from patients with complications were evaluated according to the indices listed above and compared with those patients without any complications. Results There were 17 patients with complications, an 18.5% complication rate. Among them, the forward flexion, external rotation and internal rotation were 139.1°±24.3°, 24.1°±19.6°, and up to T10 level on average. The mean VAS score was 1.0±1.1, the ASES score was 82.9±13.8, the Constant 82.1±11.8, the UCLA 28.5±4.1 and the mean SST 9.5 on average. There was no significant difference of complication rate among different age, sex, and injured side, fresh or delayed fracture, combined with other injury or not groups. Compared with the group without complications, patients with complications showed significantly less external rotation and lower Constant-Murley and UCLA functional scores （P 〈0.05）. A significant difference in results was seen between patients with complications and those without complications. Conclusion The indication control and appropriate surgical technique were important while performing the locking plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures.     

Treatment of Thoracolumbar Vertebrate Fracture by Transpedicular Morselized Bone Grafting in Vertebrae for Spinal Fusion and Pedicle Screw Fixation

To enhance the fusion of graft bone in thoracolumbar vertebrae and minimize the postoperative loss of correction, short-segment pedicle screw fixation was reinforced with posterior moselizee bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures. Seventy patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures were treated by short-segment pedicle screw fixation and were randomly divided into two groups. Fractures in group A （n=20） were rein-forced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion, while patients group B （n=50） did not receive the morselized bone grafting for bone fusion. The two groups were compared in terms of kyphotic deformity, anterior vertebral height, instrument failure and neurological functions after the treatment. Frankel grading system was used for the evaluation of neurological evaluation and Denis scoring scale was employed for pain assessment. The results showed that the kyphosis correction was achieved in both group A and group B （group A： 6.4 degree; group B： 5.4 degree）/At the end of follow-up, kyphosis correction was maintained in group A but lost in group B （P=0.0001）. Postoperatively, greater anterior height was achieved in group A than in group B （P〈0.01）. During follow-up study, anterior vertebral height was maintained only in Group A （P〈0.001）. Both group A and group B showed good Denis pain scores （P1 and P2） but group A outdid group B in terms of control of severe and constant pain （P4 and P5）. By Frankel criteria, the changes in neurological functions in group A was better than those of group B （P〈0.001）. It is concluded that reinforcement of short-segment pedicle fixation with morselized bone grafting for the treatment of patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture could achieve and maintain kyphosis correction, and it may also increase and maintain anterior vertebral height. Morselized bone grafting in vertebrae offers immediate spinal stability in patients with th     

Modified distal osteotomy of shortening the first metatarsal and for treatment of hallux valgus.

We evaluated the results of distal osteotomy of shortening the first metatarsal head with internal fixation of shape memory metal compression staple for hallux valgus in 26 feet of 17 women with a mean age of 41.0 years (30-65 years). The time for return to light work averaged 18.2 days, and to full work and normal walking 40.3 days after the operation. 16 patients (25 feet) had complete pain relief. Only in one foot, the pain was transferred under the 2nd metatarsal head. The appearance of the feet was markedly improved and the width of the forefeet was decreased by a mean of 0.92 cm after the operation. All of the patients were satisfied with the appearance of their feet. Radiographic analysis of feet showed that all osteotomies united, and the average angle of hallux valgus was improved from 30.1 degrees to 16.0 degrees, with the mean intermetatarsal angle of 11.2 degrees-6.5 degrees. No external fixation of plaster splintage was used and the distal fragment during healing of the osteotomy was stable. The time of bone healing was shortened and patients were allowed to bear weight at early stage.

     

Autogenous Bone Combined Bone Marrow Transplanting for the Treatment of the Lower Sector Fracture of the Shinbone

Objective Researching the curative effect of using the autogenous bone combined the autogenous marrow transplanting to treat the newly-fractured lower sector of the shinbone. Methods Two groups patients in our hospital whom would be taken the operation because of the lower sector fracture of the shinbone have been divided from a random sample in 42 cases from February 2004 to February 2006, one group were transplanted with the autogenous bone while the internal fixation surgery was done at the same time, the other group were transplanted with the autogenous bone combined the marrow while the internal fixation surgery was operated at the same time, The X-ray film will be taken for one time in each month at least, and afterone month and half, three, five, nine, twelve months of the operation the Callus gray density in the X-ray film of the two group patients will be separately analyzed by the computer image analysis techniques. Results The analysis of the Callus gray density shows： the Callus gray density in the same sample group will be increase with the length of the operation time. Compared in the same period, the Callus gray density in the group of the autogenous bone combined with bone marrow transplanting is higher than the group of the autogenous bone transplanting. Therefore, there is a considerable difference between the two groups in Callus gray density, and the healing time of the fracture in the group of the autogenous bone combined with bone marrow transplanting is shorter than that of the autogenous bone transplanting with a significant difference between them. Conelusion The research shows compared with the autogenous bone transplanting surgery, the autogenous bone combined with bone marrow transplanting surgery is better for the growth of the callus and accelerates the fracture healing earlier than the former.     

Combined use of extensively porous coated femoral components with onlay cortical strut allografts in revision of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures

Background Periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty are getting more prevalent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of combined use of uncemented extensively porous coated femoral components with onlay cortical strut allografts in revision of Vancouver type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures. Methods Thirteen hips after total hip arthroplasty in 13 patients who suffered a Vancouver B2 or B3 periprosthetic fracture were treated with an uncemented extensively porous coated femoral component combined with onlay cortical strut allografts. Each patient was assigned a Harris hip score, and a visual analog scale （VAS） score for pain and satisfaction. Radiographs were examined for component stability, fracture site and allograft-host union and allograft reconstruction. Results At an average of 5.3-year follow-up, no patient required repeat revision. The average Harris hip score was （71.8±6.3） points, the pain VAS score was （16.6±4.3） points, and the patient satisfaction VAS score was （81.5±5.7） points Radiographic examination showed no detectable loosening of the prostheses, and 12 cases were presented fixation by osseointegration and the other one was stable fibrous ingrown fixation. All fractures united for （5.2±1.4） months in average. And all onlay strut allografts united to host bone for about （11.5±2.6） months. Conclusions Combined use of uncemented, long stemmed, extensively porous coated implant with cortical onlay strut allografts can achieve good clinic results and high rate of union for both fracture site and allograft-host bone junction. This technique could be used routinely to augment fixation and healing of Vancouver B2 and B3 periprosthetic fractures.     

Treatment of Floating Knee Injury in Children

The necessity and superiority of the surgical operation on children with floating knee injury and the fracture union and complications were investigated. Twenty-eight children with floating knee injury were subjected to open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The patients were followed up for 18 months to 7 years. The curative effectiveness was scored by Karlstrom criteria. The results showed that no nonunion or deformity was found. The affected limb was 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm longer in 2 cases, 0.8 to 1.2 cm shorter in 3 cases than the contralateral. No severe dysfunction of knee joint occurred. The excellent-good rate was 92.8 % and the curative rate 71.4 respectively. So for children whose age is older than 5 years, it＇s a good way to treat the fractures of femur and tibia with open reduction and internal fixation or external fixator. The method can be advantageous for the nursing care, early function recovery, shortening of the hospital stay and avoidance of severe complications.     

Locking plate fixation combined with iliac crest bone autologous graft for proximal humerus comminuted fracture

Background Although the use of an intramedullary fibular allograft together with locking plate fixation can provide additional medial support and prevent varus malalignment in displaced proximal humeral fractures with promising results,the fibular autograft donor site often sustains significant trauma and cannot restore the articular surface of comminuted fractures.The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a locking plate and crest bone autologous graft for treating proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Methods We assessed the functional outcomes and complication rates in 40 patients with proximal humerus comminuted fractures.Eighteen patients were treated with a locking plate and an autologous crest bone graft （experimental group）,and 22 were treated with only the locking plate and no bone graft （control group）.Postoperative assessments included radiographic imaging,range of motion analysis,pain level based on the visual analogue scale （VAS）,and the SF-36 （Short Form （36） Health Survey）,as well as whether patients could retum to their previous occupation.Results All fractures healed both clinically and radiologically in the experimental group.There was no more than 2 mm collapse of the humeral head,and no osteonecrosis or screw penetration of the articular surface.In contrast,two patients had a nonunion in the control group,and they eventually accepted total shoulder replacements.The average time from surgery to radiographic union was significantly shorter in the experimental group （（4.66±1.63） months） compared with the control group （（5.98±1.57） months） （P ＜0.05）.For the experimental versus controls groups,the mean shoulder active flexion （148.00±18.59 vs.121.73±17.20） degrees,extension （49.00±2.22 vs.42.06±2.06） degrees,internal rotation （45.00±5.61 vs.35.00±3.55）degrees,external rotation （64.00±9.17 vs.52.14±5.73）degrees,and abduction （138.00±28.78 vs.105.95±15.66） degrees were all significantly higher （all P ＜0.001）.The median SF-36 in the experimental group （（88.00±5.71） points） was significantly higher than that of the control group （（69.45±9.45） points; P ＜0.001）.The median VAS pain level （mean rank,10.50） in the experimental group was lower than that （mean rank,47.19） of the control group （P ＜0.001）.All but one patient （17 of 18,94.4％） in the experimental group returned to their previous activities or occupations,and that one patient changed to a different occupation because of slight restrictions to activities.On the other hand,four patients could not return to their previous activities or occupations in the control group.Conclusion Locking plate fixation combined with an iliac crest bone graft is an effective technique for treating proximal humerus comminuted fractures.     

Computer navigated percutaneous screw fixation for traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis of unstable pelvic ring injuries

Displaced and unstable pelvic ring injuries have been treated mainly by open reduction and internal fixation. The goal of treatment relies on restoration of pelvic anatomy with stable internal fixation, allowing early mobilization of the patient.The symphysis pubis dislocation （〉25 mm） is consistent indication for anterior internal fixation.3 In most situations, the fixation of the displaced symphysis pubis requires extensive exposure, which may lead to complications including blood loss, neural or vascular injury, postoperative infections, wound healing problems and heterotopic bone formation.     

Emergency treatment of testicular torsion and postoperative follow-up: A 71 case report

This study presented our experience in the treatment of testicular torsion,which may help achieve early diagnosis and improve therapeutic effects.A retrospective analysis was conducted in 71 patients with testicular torsion who were treated in our hospital from October 2007 to April 2011.The age of the patients ranged from 16 days to 34 years.All the patients had unilateral testicular torsion,which took place on the left side in 43 cases and on the right side in 28 cases.The course of the disease varied between three hours to 30 days.Post-operative follow-up was conducted until October 2011.Items examined included signs and symptoms at their first clinical visit,ultrasound findings,treatment in emergency surgery,and post-operative follow-up.In this study,the 71 patients were diagnosed with testicular torsion by color Doppler sonography,7 had testicular fixation,63 patients received orchiectomy,while 1 patient did not undergo surgery due to pressure from family members.Post-operative follow-up showed that the one patient’s testicle,which had been reserved,atrophied,while all the other survived.No recurrence was found during the follow-up visits.It is concluded that an early diagnosis and surgery is important in improving the survival rate of testicular torsion,and the diagnosis and treatment by the first attending clinician is of critical importance.     

A comparative study of calcium sulfate artificial bone graft versus allograft in the reconstruction of bone defect after tumor curettage

Background Cavity reconstruction after benign bone tumor removal is varied and controversial.AIIograft is widely used but is associated with complications.New bone substitutes,such as calcium sulfate artificial bone,have been introduced for bone tumor operation.However,the bone healing response of artificial bone has not been compared with allograft bone.We therefore compared calcium sulfate grafts （study group） with bone allografts （control group） for the treatment of benign bone tumors.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients who underwent calcium sulfate reconstruction and 50 patients who underwent allograft cancellous bone reconstruction.The two groups were well matched.The mean follow-up time of the study group was 19.9 （12-55） months.We investigated bone healing response,complications,and factors affecting bone healing.Results At the last follow-up,84％ （42/50） of cases in the study group and 62％ （31/50） of cases in the control group had achieved clinical healing （P=0.013）.The initial healing rate showed no significant difference between the two groups （100％ vs.96％,P=0.153）.The mean healing times for calcium sulfate and allograft bone were 9.6 （3-42） months and 13.8 （3-36） months,respectively （P ＜0.01）.Complications in the study group were minor and resolved.Implant volume was a significant factor affecting bone healing.Conclusion The calcium sulfate bone substitute showed a satisfactory healing outcome and safety profile in reconstruction of bone defects after benign bone tumor curettage,especially in smaller cavities.     

锁定钢板治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的临床研究

目的探讨应用锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate,LCP）联合自体髂骨植骨的方法治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后骨不连的效果。方法 2006年2月-2009年12月收治的手术后肱骨干骨折不愈合患者16例,均重新行锁定加压钢板内固定,同时在骨折端行丰富的自体髂骨植骨。术后进行影像学观察和疗效评定。结果 16例患者均得到随访,随访时间为0.6-3.8年,均经二次手术后获得愈合,肩肘关节优良率为85%。结论锁定加压钢板能够为骨折端提供早期的稳定性,减少局部血运的破坏,最大限度地保护骨膜,与自体髂骨植骨相结合是治疗肱骨干骨折内固定术后骨不连的一种有效方法 。     

天鹅型记忆接骨器加自体髂骨植骨治疗尺桡骨骨不连

目的：探讨一种新型内固定物-镍钛合金天鹅型记忆接骨器(SMC)在尺桡骨骨不连治疗中的应用。方法：1990年8月至2002年8月，对58例尺、桡骨骨干骨不连，采用自体髂骨植骨 镍钛合金天鹅记忆接骨器内固定术治疗。结果：术后随访5．5月至6年，平均2．5年。术后平均3．8月，骨不连处为类板样骨替代，最终均获得骨性愈合。全部病例无感染、无取出本器后再骨折和因本接骨器所致的肘、腕关节运动及前臂旋转功能障碍。结论：SMC多点位轴向持骨、纵向加压，操作简便，是治疗尺桡骨骨干骨不连有效的技术与方法，值得临床推广应用。     

交锁髓内钉固定与加压钢板螺钉固定治疗肱骨骨折后骨不连对比

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉固定与加压钢板螺钉固定治疗肱骨骨折后骨不连的临床疗效.方法:选取2010年2月~2013年8月在我院治疗的肱骨骨折后骨不连患者60例,随机分为交锁髓内钉固定与加压钢板螺钉固定组各30例,分别随访18个月.观察两组患者手术时间,术中出血量,住院天数、骨折愈合时间、肘关节和肩关节的功能评分,术后并发症发生率.结果:交锁髓内钉固定与加压钢板螺钉固定组平均手术时间分别为(128.39±14.7)min,(103.68±15.9)min;术中平均出血量分别为(403.25±12.8)mL,(310.78±19.2)mL;住院时间分别为(15.27±2.2)天,(10.48±1.8)天;骨折愈合时间为(51.8±4.8)天,(44.5±3.1)天,术后并发症发生率分别为6.67%(2/30),16.67%(5/30).结论:本次研究表明,相较于钢板螺钉,交锁髓内钉在治疗中具有手术时间较短、术中失血量较少、骨折愈合较快,术后总并发症发生少肩关节和肘关节功能恢复良好等优点.     

手术加经皮自体骨髓移植治疗肱骨骨不连接(附11例分析)

目的　探讨经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨不连的可行性及疗效。方法　均为肱骨干骨不连 ,采用切开复位加压钢板内固定同时取自体髂骨植骨 ,术后 2周抽取自体髂骨红骨髓注入骨不连部位 ,每次注射 30ml,每2周 1次 ,需注射 3～ 4次。结果　 11例病人 ,经 4～ 9个月全部愈合 ,平均 6 5个月 ,无感染。结论　经手术作骨端的局部处理 ,去除无血运硬化之断端 ,打通髓腔并用坚强的内固定 ,奠定了治疗骨不连的基础 ;通过植骨又起到了骨折愈合的桥梁作用 ;而经皮自体骨髓移植方法简便、安全 ,取材广泛 ,且又有成骨作用 ,可进一步促进骨折愈合。     

天鹅记忆接骨器治疗兔肱骨干骨折

目的 观察天鹅记忆接骨器(SMC)治疗动物肱骨干骨折的疗效。方法 选用新西兰大白兔30只建立肱骨干骨折模型，一侧用SMC固定，对侧以4孔动力加压接骨板(DCP)作为对照。术后2、4、8、12周拍片观察骨愈合情况。结果 术后动物全部成活，前肢负重明显少于后肢。SMC侧骨折端直接由板层骨替代连接，既不出现外骨痂，也无板下皮质骨疏松，对照侧骨折愈合速度慢，且部分骨断端有骨痂生成，所有骨干局部出现骨质疏松。结论 兔肱骨干的生物力学特性和解剖形态与人肱骨干非常接近，其骨折内固定模型是研究SMC促进骨折愈合的机制的理想实验工具。     

上肢骨干天鹅型记忆接骨器的设计与临床应用

目的：研究应用于上肢骨干骨折与骨不连内固定的新型记忆合金接骨器。方法：利用镍钛合金与上肢骨干解剖生理的特性和特征,采用光弹,电测及三维有限元法研制天鹅型记忆接骨器（SMC）,临床应用于锁骨、肱骨、尺桡骨干骨折与骨不连188例243根,平均随访2．25年。结果：SMC在轴向多点位抗剪、折、旋、持骨力98．40－125．05N;在纵向,将152－196N的记忆应力作用于骨断端。骨不连92例106例,平均术后3．8个月,不连处为类骨板样骨替代,骨折93例134根,平均术后2．6个月骨折处为骨板样愈合,全部病例无感染,无取出本器后再骨折和因本器所致的关节功能障碍,优良率98．76％,结论：SMC多点位轴向持骨,纵向加压、是治疗上肢骨干骨折与骨不连新而有效的技术与方法。     

骨皮质剥离加Phemister植骨治疗内固定术后骨不连、骨延迟愈合

目的 探讨骨皮质剥离加Phemister植骨治疗内固定术后骨不连、骨延迟愈合的临床效果.方法 选择2006年2月～2012年10月采用骨皮质剥离加Phemister植骨的方法治疗的四肢长骨干骨折内固定术后骨不连、骨延迟愈合患者12例.根据骨折部位不同,植骨前分别采用锁定钢板内固定术及交锁髓内钉内固定术.对患者术后情况进行随访,统计患者骨折愈合情况及关节功能情况.结果 本组12例患者均获随访,随访时间5～38个月,平均23个月.骨折均骨性愈合,无感染、骨髓炎、骨化性肌炎,内固定松动、钉板断裂等并发症发生.本组12例患者中9例骨关节功能为优,肱骨骨折1例（肩、肘）,尺、桡骨骨折4例（肘、腕）,胫骨骨折2例（膝、踝）,股骨骨折2例（膝）;良2例,1例桡骨骨折患者腕关节功能为良,1例胫腓骨骨折患者膝关节功能为良;1例胫骨骨折患者踝关节功能差.骨折植骨术后各关节功能优良率为91.7％（11/12）.结论 骨皮质剥离加Phemister植骨治疗内固定术后骨不连、骨延迟愈合均获骨性愈合,关节功能良好,疗效满意.     

锁定加压钢板治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折18例

目的:探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗复杂股骨干粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法:对18例股骨干粉碎性骨折患者采用LCP内固定,并对疗效进行评价。结果:18例均获得随访,随访时间7～24个月,均达骨性愈合,骨折平均愈合时间(15.2±2.5)周。结论:LCP内固定治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折,具有固定切实、符合生物力学固定、能减少对股骨干骨膜血运的破坏、减少骨折的不愈合率,是治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折有效的方法之一。     

天鹅记忆接骨器治疗兔肱骨干骨折

目的观察天鹅记忆接骨器(SMC)治疗动物肱骨干骨折的疗效。方法选用新西兰大白兔30只建立肱骨干骨折模型,一侧用SMC固定,对侧以4孔动力加压接骨板(DCP)作为对照。术后2、4、8、12周拍片观察骨愈合情况。结果术后动物全部成活,前肢负重明显少于后肢。SMC侧骨折端直接由板层骨替代连接,既不出现外骨痂,也无板下皮质骨疏松,对照侧骨折愈合速度慢,且部分骨断端有骨痂生成,所有骨干局部出现骨质疏松。结论兔肱骨干的生物力学特性和解剖形态与人肱骨干非常接近,其骨折内固定模型是研究SMC促进骨折愈合的机制的理想实验工具。     

肱骨干骨折的单侧多功能外固定支架治疗

目的探讨单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法自1993年6月～1999年12月间临床应用单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折116例,并经随访观察.结果116例中有88例随访6个月～7年(平均随访3.8年),骨折愈合平均时间为43个月,愈合率94.32％,患肢功能恢复满复.结论单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折符合生物学固定原则,既能减少骨折局部的创伤,保护血运,又能稳定固定骨折,可早期进行功能锻炼,特别是对软组织损伤严重的开放性骨折更具优越性.