大黄素固体分散体的制备及其溶出度测定

目的 将大黄素制成固体分散体,以提高大黄素的体外溶出速率。方法 选用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP K30）和聚乙二醇（PEG 8000）为载体,用溶剂法制备大黄素固体分散体;建立测定大黄素固体分散体体外溶出度的HPLC方法;对固体分散体进行差热分析和红外光谱分析。结果 大黄素与PVP K30制成的固体分散体的体外溶出速率最快,大黄素与PVP的质量比为1∶4时,制成的固体分散体在人工肠液中45 min累积溶出率为70%。结论 以PVP K30为载体制备的大黄素固体分散体可以显著提高大黄素的体外溶出速率。     

人参皂苷Rg3固体分散体的制备与体外特性研究

目的 采用固体分散技术,比较3种不同载体对人参皂苷Rg3的溶解度和体外溶出度的作用.方法 分别以泊洛沙姆188(F68)、聚维酮k29/32(PVP)和聚乙二醇6000(PEG)为载体,采用熔融法或溶剂法,制备人参皂苷Rg3固体分散体,测定溶解度,进行溶出度试验,并采用差热量热分析(DSC)法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态.结果 各种固体分散体均能显著增加人参皂苷Rg3的溶解度,加快其体外溶出.人参皂苷Rg3可充分分散在载体中并形成低共熔物.结论 F68作为载体制成固体分散体,对增加人参皂苷Rg3的溶解度和体外溶出度的效果优于PEG和PVP.     

热熔挤出技术制备小檗红碱固体分散体及其体外评价

[目的]采用热熔挤出技术制备微溶性药物小檗红碱的固体分散体,以提高其溶解度,延缓其体外释放行为。[方法]以Soluplus^® 为载体,采用同螺杆热熔挤出机制备小檗红碱固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热（DSC）分析、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析对制备的固体分散体进行表征,并考察挤出物在不同介质中的溶解度和体外溶出度。[结果]DSC和XRD分析结果显示,固体分散体中小檗红碱的主要特征峰减弱甚至部分消失,SEM结果表明固体分散体为无规则形态。FT-IR结果表明小檗红碱与Soluplus^®之间可能存在氢键作用。所制备的小檗红碱固体分散体在pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中溶解度为原料药的2.59倍。体外溶出度结果显示,小檗红碱固体分散体具有明显缓释作用。[结论]成功制备了小檗红碱固体分散体,且能显著提高其溶解度,并延缓其体外释放行为。     

多西他赛自乳化固体分散体的制备及体外特性研究

目的制备多西他赛自乳化固体分散体（DTX-SESD）,并考察其体外特性。方法以自乳化辅料和PEG6000为载体制备多西他赛固体分散体,进行溶解度、体外溶出度和稳定性实验,考察不同自乳化辅料、不同制备方法、不同介质对溶出度的影响。并采用差示扫描量热分析、X-射线粉末衍射分析以鉴别药物在载体中的存在状态。结果 DTX-SESD的溶解度和溶出度分别是原料药的约33.8倍和12.5（2 h）倍;自乳化辅料对药物溶出有显著影响;溶剂法和溶剂熔融法制备的自乳化固体分散体溶出度好于熔融法;溶出介质对溶出无显著影响;自乳化固体分散体中药物主要以分子状态存在。结论自乳化固体分散体能显著提高多西他赛的溶解度和溶出度。     

隐丹参酮固体分散体的制备及性质研究

目的制备隐丹参酮固体分散体,提高隐丹参酮的溶出度。方法采用溶剂蒸发法制备隐丹参酮-PVP固体分散体,熔融法制备隐丹参酮-PEG固体分散体,利用体外溶出度、差热分析、显微观察研究固体分散体的性质及其对溶出度的影响。结果PVP及PEG固体分散体在45min的溶出度分别达到原料药的9.7倍和7.5倍,固体分散体的DTA曲线中隐丹参酮的特征熔融峰消失。结论两种固体分散体均能显著提高隐丹参酮的溶出度,而PVP固体分散体比PEG固体分散体具有更高的溶出度。     

头孢地尼泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及表征

目的制备头孢地尼固体分散体,以改善头孢地尼的溶出度。方法以泊洛沙姆188（F68）为载体,采用熔融法制备头孢地尼固体分散体,紫外分光光度法进行溶出度测定,差热分析（DSC）、红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析固体分散体中头孢地尼的分散状态。结果利用熔融法成功制备头孢地尼F68固体分散体;与头孢地尼药物及物理混合物比较,头孢地尼F68固体分散体中头孢地尼的溶出度明显增大,且溶出度随着载体的质量比例增大而增大;DSC、FTIR与SEM结果表明,头孢地尼与载体F68以无定形存在于固体分散体中。结论以F68为载体,制备头孢地尼F68固体分散体可有效改善头孢地尼的溶出性能。     

番茄红素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体的制备及溶出度和生物利用度研究

目的： 采用固体分散体技术,提高番茄红素在水中的溶解度和体外溶出度,从而提高其体内的生物利用度。方法： 以泊洛沙姆188为载体,溶剂法制备番茄红素固体分散体,应用光谱分析和DSC考察其分散特征,溶出度试验测定其体外溶出度,大鼠灌胃后测定其体内生物利用度,用HPLC法测定血药浓度,采用Kinetica软件计算药动学参数。结果： 番茄红素可能以分子复合物状态存在于固体分散体中,且显著提高了番茄红素的溶出度,与市售番茄红素油混悬液为对照,其相对生物利用度为(312.2±96.9)%。结论： 番茄红素-泊洛沙姆188固体分散体制备工艺简单,成本较低,能显著改善难溶性药物番茄红素的生物利用度,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

埃索美拉唑锌固体分散体的制备及其体外溶出特性

目的通过制备成固体分散体的方法提高埃索美拉唑锌的溶出度。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)和聚乙二醇6000(PEG 6000)为载体,采用溶剂法将埃索美拉唑锌制备成固体分散体,然后将所得固体分散体装填于肠溶胶囊,并考察其在人工肠液中的溶出特性;利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)鉴别埃索美拉唑锌在固体分散体中的存在状态。结果随着载体比例增加,固体分散体体外溶出度先增大后减小;以PEG 6000为载体制备的固体分散体溶出度优于以PVPK30制备的固体分散体;DSC分析表明,埃索美拉唑锌在以PEG 6000为载体制备的固体分散体中以非晶型存在。结论固体分散体提高了埃索美拉唑锌的体外溶出速度。     

基于壳聚糖的丹参酮IIA固体分散体的研究

目的 将壳聚糖（CS）应用于丹参酮II_A（Tan II_A）固体分散体的制备,考察并比较以不同相对分子质量（M_W）的CS为载体的Tan II_A固体分散体的溶出度。方法 以CS为载体,采用溶剂法制备Tan II_A固体分散体,对不同M_W的CS以及药物与载体的不同比例所制备固体分散体的溶出行为进行比较研究,并进行物相分析。结果 Tan II_A-CS（M_W 3 000～5 000）按1∶9比例制备的固体分散体的体外溶出效果最好,60 min时药物的体外累积溶出率达到90%以上;经差示扫描量热（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析,固体分散体中药物以非晶形形式存在于载体中。结论 以CS为载体制备的Tan II_A固体分散体能显著改善Tan II_A的溶出;CS作为Tan II_A一种新型的固体分散体载体,具有实际应用价值。     

盐酸普罗帕酮固体分散体的制备及其溶出度测定

目的:将盐酸普罗帕酮制备成固体分散体,以提高盐酸普罗帕酮体外溶出速度。方法:分别以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVPK30)、聚乙二醇(PEG)6000、PEG4000为载体,采用溶剂法制备固体分散体,考察其体外释药性能,并对固体分散体进行差热分析。结果:以PEG6000为载体制备固体分散体的体外溶出率优于其他载体制备的固体分散体,且以药物-载体比例为1∶5时制备的固体分散体溶出率最快。结论:盐酸普罗帕酮固体分散体可提高盐酸普罗帕酮的体外溶出速度。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…