11β-类固醇脱氢酶Ⅰ型基因微卫星多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的:探讨南京地区汉族人群中11β-类固醇脱氢酶Ⅰ型基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性。方法:选择11β-类固醇脱氢酶Ⅰ型基因内含子4内高杂合度微卫星DNA多态标记,应用聚合酶链反应及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,探讨这一微卫星多态在中国南京汉族人群121例正常健康者和150例2型糖尿病患者之间等位基因频率分布差异。结果:该多态位点存在8种等位基因,CA重复序列分别重复13、14、15、16、17、18、19和20次,病例-对照群体分析结果表明,两组间等位基因频率总体分布差异无显著性(χ2=8.9944,Ρ=0.253)。但(CA)15等位基因糖尿病组频率高于正常组,有统计学意义(χ2=4.990,P=0.025),可以初步认为(CA)15等位基因可能是糖尿病发生的危险因素。结论:南京地区汉族人群中11β-类固醇脱氢酶Ⅰ型基因多态性可能与2型糖尿病有一定关系。     

肾上腺髓质素基因微卫星多态性与2型糖尿病的关联研究

目的：探讨南京地区汉族人群中肾上腺髓质素(AM)基因多态性与2型糖尿病是否存在相关性。方法：选择AM基因附近高杂合度微卫星DNA多态标志，应用聚合酶链反应及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，探查这一微卫星多态在正常对照组与2型糖尿病组中的基因频率分布。结果：该多态位点存在4种等位基因，CA重复序列分别重复11、13、14和19次，病例与对照群体分析结果表明，两组问等位基因频率总体分布差异无显著性(X^2=0.472，P=0.925)。两组间基因型频率总体分布差异亦无显著性(X^2=7.332，P=0.501)。结论：南京地区汉族人群中肾上腺髓质素基因多态性可能与2型糖尿病无关。     

PON1基因微卫星多态性与2型糖尿病的关联研究

目的:探讨南京地区汉族人群中对氧磷酶1基因(PON1)多态性与2型糖尿病是否存在相关性。方法:选择PON1基因附近高杂合度微卫星DNA多态标志,应用聚合酶链反应及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,探察这一微卫星多态在正常对照组与2型糖尿病组中的基因频率分布。结果:该多态位点存在4种等位基因,GT重复序列分别重复12、15、17、20次,病例与对照分析结果表示,两组间等位基因频率总体分布差异有显著性(χ2=14.10,P<0.01)。两组间基因型频率总体分布差异有显著性(χ2=12.72,P<0.01)。结论:南京地区汉族人群中对氧磷酶1基因多态性可能与2型糖尿病相关。     

视黄酸受体α基因多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂遗传易感性的关联研究

目的探讨视黄酸受体α（RARA）基因D17S579微卫星位点等位基因多态性与中国湖南汉族人群非综合征性唇腭裂（NSCL／P）遗传易感性之间的关系。方法采用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺变性凝胶技术,对132例健康者和140例NSCL／P患者进行研究,分析RARA基因D17S579微卫星位点多态性。结果两组共检出10种等位基因,正常对照组与病例组等位基因频率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=17．163,df=9,P=0．046）;病例组A6（8．93％）、A9（13．21％）等位基因频率明显高于健康对照组A6（4．17％）、A9（5．68％,均P〈0．05）;有家族史的患者等位基因频率与无家族史患者等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2．710,P=0．978）。结论RARA基因D17S579微卫星多态性与中国湖南地区NSCL／P患者存在遗传易感性,等位基因A6、A9可能为NSCL／P发生的危险因子;RARA基因多态性与NSCL／P家族史无相关性。     

HSD17 B1和HSD17 B2基因多态性与四川汉族人群肝癌的关联性研究

目的：探讨性激素17β-羟甾类固醇脱氢酶（HSD17B1和HSD17B2）基因单核苷酸多态性与四川地区汉族人群肝癌之间的关系,为肝癌的预防、筛查、治疗及预后提供理论依据。方法以136例汉族肝癌患者,200例汉族健康人群为对象,选取HSD17B1 rs676387、HSD17B2 rs8191246两个位点作为遗传标志,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态技术检测 HSD17B1和 HSD17B2基因多态性及其分布频率。结果与健康人群相比HSD17B1 rs676387的T等位基因显著增加肝癌患病风险（P＜0．05）。结论 HSD17B1 rs676387与四川汉族 HCC的发生发展具有相关性,该研究结果有待在多民族、多中心、大样本研究中进一步证实。     

CDH1基因-160C/A基因多态性与鼻咽癌发病风险的研究

目的 本研究探讨CDH1基因-160C/A多态性在湖南汉族鼻咽癌人群中的分布及其与汉族鼻咽癌发病风险的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）对280例湖南籍汉族鼻咽癌患者和291例湖南籍汉族非肿瘤对照组进行CDH1基因-160C/A SNP检测.比较基因型分布和发病风险的关系.结果 CDH1基因-160C/A多态的CC、CA、AA基因型在病例组中的分布频率分别为156（55.7%）,103（36.8%）,21（7.5%）;在对照组的分布频率分别为178（61.2%）,102（35.0%）,11（3.8%）;（χ2=0.597,P=0.440）,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P＞0.05）;两组间分布的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.AA基因型显著性地提高鼻咽癌的发病危险（OR=2.96;95%CI：1.12~4.81）;携带A等位基因与鼻咽癌患者发生淋巴结转移有关联性（OR=3.07;95%CI：1.88~5.02）.结论 CDH1基因-160C/A多态性可能与汉族鼻咽癌发病的遗传易感性及鼻咽癌患者发生淋巴结转移密切相关.     

中国汉族TGF-β1基因-800G〉A多态性与脑梗死的相关性

目的：探讨转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factorβ1,TGF-β1）基因多态性与脑梗死的关系。方法：利用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法检测247例脑梗死（cerebral infarction,CI）患者及167例性别、年龄匹配的健康体检者-800G〉A多态位点的基因型,并计算出各等位基因频率在组中的频率分布。结果：中国湖南汉族人群中存在-800G〉A位点多态性。-800G〉A基因型在两个人群中的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,脑梗死组与对照组相比,基因型及等位基因频率分布无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,Logistic回归分析未发现某种基因型增加或者降低脑梗死发生的风险。结论：TGF-β1-800G〉A基因多态性与中国湖南地区汉族人群脑梗死无明显相关性。     

微卫星KG8和CW2的遗传多态性研究

目的：探讨与多囊肾病基因位点１（ＰＫＤ１）连锁的两个微卫星ＫＧ８和ＣＷ２在汉族及壮族人群中的多态性及其等位基因频率是否存在群体差异。方法：用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增与ＰＫＤ１连锁的两个微卫星，１００ｇ／Ｌ（１０％）非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测ＰＣＲ产物。结果：ＣＷ２在汉族和壮族人群中均高度多态，而ＫＧ８多态性程度较低；２个ＫＧ８等位基因的频率及４个ＣＷ２等位基因的频率存在群体差异。结论：ＣＷ２可用于汉、壮族人ＰＫＤ１基因诊断。同时，这两个微卫星的等位基因频率分布具有群体差异，在应用它们进行基因诊断和疾病关联性研究时应引起注意。     

海南汉族人群AGT基因多态性与冠心病的相关性

目的:探讨AGT基因T174M和M235T多态性与海南汉族冠状动脉性心脏病(CHD)的关系。方法:应用等位基因特异性PCR技术,对334例海南地区汉族CHD患者和193例海南汉族正常对照组中AGT基因T174M、M235T多态位点进行了检测,分析两组基因型频率及等位基因频率。结果:M235T多态位点的等位基因在海南汉族正常对照组和CHD患者组之间存在差异(χ2=4.314,P=0.038);T174M多态位点的基因型在汉族正常对照组和CHD患者组之间也存在差异(P=0.047,Fisher确切概率法)。结论:AGT基因T174M、M235T多态性与海南汉族人群CHD均相关,M235T多态位点235M等位基因是海南汉族人群CHD的易感基因,T174M多态位点174TT和174MM基因型可使海南汉族人群CHD的患病危险性增加。     

瘦素基因启动子区G-2548A多态性与脑梗死和腹型肥胖关系

目的探讨中国青岛地区汉族人群瘦素基因启动子区G-2548A多态性与腹型肥胖和脑梗死的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）的方法,对216例脑梗死病人和182例健康者（对照组）的瘦素基因启动子区G-2548A位点进行多态性分析;根据腹围将两组均分为腹型肥胖组和非腹型肥胖组。结果所有受检者的基因型频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。脑梗死组GG基因型频率显著高于对照组（χ2=62.574,P〈0.001）,G等位基因频率显著高于对照组（χ2=29.173,P〈0.001）。GG基因型人群患脑梗死的风险是GA＋AA基因型的2.494倍（OR=2.494,95%CI=1.344-4.631）,GG基因型人群空腹血浆瘦素水平高于GA＋AA基因型（t=6.924,P〈0.001）。腹型肥胖者的基因型分布和等位基因频率与非腹型肥胖者相比差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论瘦素基因启动子区G-2548A多态性可能与脑梗死的易感性有关,G等位基因可能是脑梗死的遗传易感因素,瘦素基因启动子区G-2548A的多态性与腹型肥胖无相关性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…