翼型轴流桨的开发及其在发酵工业中的应用

发酵过程中通过搅拌使发酵液混合。促进罐内营养组分、温度、pH 等的均匀;使气体分散,增加氧传递速率;增加液体的循环,提高传热膜系数,从而有利于发酵热的排除;搅拌还保证固体颗粒处于悬浮状态。总之,搅拌在发酵过程中起着十分关键的作用。我国发酵工业中,使用的搅拌桨均为径向流式的涡轮桨,差异仅在于涡轮叶片     

多层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性

在直径为0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用电导法测定搅拌槽内单层桨和多层桨体系的混合时间。对于单层桨体系,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,不同类型的径向流桨和轴向流桨具有相同的混合时间。对于窄叶翼型CBY搅拌桨,在相同的搅拌输入功率下,单层、双层以及三层CBY搅拌桨的混合时间基本相同;而对于六直叶涡轮桨DT-6,在相同的搅拌输入功率下其混合时间随桨叶层数的增加而加长;多层CBY桨的混合时间远低于多层DT-6搅拌桨的混合时间。     

搅拌桨组合的构型对螺旋霉素发酵合成的影响

通过对三种不同构型的搅拌桨在70m^3发酵罐螺旋霉素发酵过程的应用设计研究，发现不同的搅拌构型对螺旋霉素发酵的影响作用不同。混合式搅拌桨传质能力强、混合效果好、搅拌剪切温和，有利于螺旋霉素产生茵的生长和产物的合成，螺旋霉素平均放罐效价较径向流组合搅拌桨提高了11．1％。     

自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的性能研究

系统地测定了自吸式双圆盘六叶涡轮桨应用于气-液-固三相浆态搅拌反应器的性能。研究了吸入气体的临界转速、表征搅拌桨对气体抽吸能力的吸气压力、气体自吸的吸入流量、搅拌功率、气含率、气液分散性能和气液传质规律,以及固体催化剂颗粒的悬浮问题。采用磁钢密封结合自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的三相浆态搅拌反应器,比较适宜于精细化学品合成的工艺研究及本征动力学测定,并对中小规模三相浆态反应工艺的连续化生产提供了可行性研究。     

气—液—固相体系颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速

在机械搅拌槽中，使用翼形轴流桨（Ｋ４）、涡轮桨（ＤＴ）、６叶４５°斜叶桨（６ＰＴＤ、６ＰＴＵ）（排出流向下、向上），对低粘度物系气－液－固三相体系的颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）作了实验研究，阐明了不同搅拌桨结构下，悬浮液浓度及通气量对Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）的影响规律。实验得出在相同的悬浮液浓度及通气量下，Ｋ４的Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）最低。     

剪切环境与产黄青霉形态和代谢的关系

结合青霉素发酵过程，考察了产黄青霉形态变化和发酵罐中剪切环境对菌体形态的影响。考察的产黄青霉菌株对强剪切作用呈现出瞬时响应和逐渐衰减的反应机制，实际剪切强度介于发酵罐内最高剪切速率和平均剪切速率之间。提出了总体剪切强度的概念，用于定量表达不同桨型、多层搅拌下剪切环境。青霉素发酵需要在较强剪切环境中进行，采用轴向流桨和涡轮桨组合搅拌时，可通过调整桨径和搅拌转速来保证剪切环境满足菌体生长和代谢的需要。     

大型发酵罐设计中值得注意的问题

介绍了抗生素大型发酵罐中组合使用Lightin315、半圆叶圆盘涡轮搅拌器和大直径气体分布器在发酵罐中上部形成轴向循环流，下部形成泵送能力高的径向流，提高了氧气传递速率。在大型发酵罐的受力分析中介绍了罐体上封头由外载荷引起的局部应力的求解方法，叙述了皮带减速装置和齿轮减速装置设计、选用应注意的问题。     

笼式通气搅拌桨的流体循环、混合及液体夹带

研究了具有双层笼式通气搅拌桨的Cell Cul-20A生物反应器的流体循环、混合及搅拌桨的液体夹带特性。理论分析及实验结果表明,适当地增大搅拌桨直径及导流筒内径,有利于增强混合效果。搅拌桨的液体夹带有助于提高氧传递速率,但在实际的培养细胞过程中,丝网内液位下降显著,因此靠增大液体夹带量来提高反应器的传质系数是不现实的。     

机械搅拌釜中翼型组合桨持气特性的神经网络模型

研究了内径0.382～1.16m机械搅拌釜中翼型组合桨气液两相的持气特性,建立了气含率与结构参数(包括翼型桨径、桨间距、桨下距离、通气位置、挡板形式及翼型桨排出流方向)和操作参数(包括搅拌转速及通气量)间关联的神经网络模型。考察了所建立的网络模型中各参数对气含率的影响规律。结果表明,模型具有很好的泛化能力,其泛化相对误差在±10%以内。采用开槽挡板、低位通气、适宜的桨径、桨间距和翼型桨的排出流向上的方案,在较宽的桨下距离范围内可获得较高的气含率。由于模型使用了与规模无关的无因次参数建模,因此可用于离线预测、参数优化及放大设计。     

卧式聚合釜中新型宽叶板式搅拌桨的气液传质特性

卧式聚合反应器被广泛用于气态单体的乳液聚合反应.为强化气液传质,卧式聚合反应器多采用新型宽叶板式搅拌桨.本文采用进出口流量变化检测法在卧式反应器内测定了气液容量传质系数Kla,考察了NFr数、液含量ε、搅拌桨层数和桨叶片数对Kla的影响.结果表明:新型宽叶板式搅拌桨比普通桨型具有更大的气液容量传质系数.Kla随NFr的增加而增大;随ε的增加先增大后减小,在ε=0.5时达到最大值,随搅拌桨层数和桨叶片数的增加而增大.在不同的NFr下,卧式反应器内流体呈现重力作用区、过渡区和惯性力作用区.在重力作用区,Kla与NFr符合Kla∝NFr0.9～1.1.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.