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1.
OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of rehabilitation outcomes for the development of a case-mix system to rehabilitate patients suffering from hip fractures. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: A cohort of hip fracture patients in 2005 (n=303) with a mean age of 82 years was studied. Rehabilitation outcomes were defined as: mortality, length of stay, placement, ambulation status, activity of daily living at the time of discharge and at 6-month follow-up. A comparison between groups and multivariate analysis was conducted to validate the best predictors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Potential predictors and rehabilitation outcomes. RESULTS: Two predictors, the Abbreviated Mental Test score of lower than 6 (odds ratio=0.19, P<0.05) and the Functional Independence Measures score of lower than 75 (odds ratio=38.0, P<0.05), at the time of admission to the rehabilitation setting were found to be related to outcomes. Our findings provided further support for a case-mix system based on these two factors, as they could correctly assign patients into three groups with different baseline characteristics and outcomes. A review of the possible limitations of the existing service with respect to each case-mix group was also conducted. CONCLUSION: A case-mix system utilising the cognition and activity of daily living function is recommended. Revisions of respective care plans are advocated with more realistic outcome expectations and specific actions for the respective case-mix groups. An evaluation study on the usefulness of this case-mix classification could then follow.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES.--To determine the extent to which interinstitutional variations in length of stay are explained by differences in patient characteristics and to determine whether patients in hospitals with shorter lengths of stay had worse outcomes. DESIGN.--We reviewed patients' medical records and surveyed patients between 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge using a questionnaire. SETTING.--Six teaching hospitals in California and Massachusetts. PATIENTS.--A cohort of 2484 selected patients who had been hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction or to rule out acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, total hip replacement, cholecystectomy, or transurethral prostatectomy. Between 73% and 84% of the patients with each condition completed a follow-up questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES.--In-hospital complications, deaths, length of stay, functional status after hospital discharge, readmission, and patient satisfaction with hospital care were analyzed. RESULTS.--Significant interinstitutional differences in length of stay were noted for all conditions except rule-out acute myocardial infarction. Statistical adjustment for case-mix differences accounted for most of the interinstitutional differences in length of stay for total hip replacement but explained little of the differences in the other conditions. When we controlled statistically for other predictors, length of stay did not have a significant impact on deaths, functional status after hospital discharge, the probability of readmission, or patient satisfaction with hospital care. CONCLUSION.--More research is needed to determine the medical practices that are related to variations in lengths of stay. Routinely available outcome data may help preserve quality in the face of efforts to decrease costs by effecting more standardized practices of care.  相似文献   

3.
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in most developed countries and developing nations. Majority of the stroke survivors are left with significant physical and cognitive impairments. In addition to the improved acute stroke care, they often benefit from rehabilitation in improving their function. This was the first study done to document function for post stroke patients in Malaysia. It was prospective study conducted to document functional status of acute stroke patients upon admission, discharge and at 3 months post stroke. Assessment of functional status for these patients are based on their activities of daily living and ambulation i.e. self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication and social cognition. It is also aimed to describe their demographic and clinical characteristics. Correlation of functional status at 3 months post stroke with the initial severity of stroke was also explored. A total of fifty-one patients with acute stroke in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) were recruited. The patient's age ranged from 38 to 83 years with a mean of 60.2 years. Thirty-six patients (71%) were first stroke sufferers and fifteen patients (29%) had recurrent stroke. At discharge from acute stay, 13% of patients were able to ambulate with aids and 87% needed assistance for ambulation in varying degrees. Eighty-two percent of patients showed improvement in overall function (both motor and cognition) at 3 months post stroke. Sixty percent of patients were independent in ambulation and 40% required assistance. Significant correlation was seen between the initial severity of stroke and functional status at 3 months post stroke. Functional status of patients with stroke has improved at 3 months post stroke. A comprehensive rehabilitation medicine programme should be incorporated into management of stroke patients to expedite functional recovery and improve patient's independence.  相似文献   

4.
In order to assess outcome and possible predictors of early good results, a prospective study on 22 patients who were treated with save surgical hip dislocation for symptomatic isolated cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was performed. After a follow-up of 6 and 12 months, standard clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded. A statistically significant improvement of the clinical status according to the Harris hip score could be assessed at six months (p-value = 0.003) and 12 months (p-value = 0.001) post-surgery. By comparing standard clinical and radiographic preoperative parameters with various follow-up outcomes, we revealed no specific parameter with predictive value. These findings are important for centers that have just started to use this surgical technique and are still identifying their learning curve.  相似文献   

5.

Background:

Fractured neck of femur is a frequent and severe injury in elderly patients with consequent high morbidity and mortality. Hemiarthroplasty is an established treatment modality for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in elderly patients above 60 years. This study analysed the early functional outcome and complications of Austin Moore endoprosthesis in elderly patients above 60 years with fractured neck of femur.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective data were obtained over a 5 year period from January 2007 to December 2012. Thirty-five elderly patients of 60 years and above with displaced intracapsular fracture neck of femur treated with hemiarthroplasty using Austin Moore endoprosthesis were included. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

A total of 35 patients were involved. The age-range was 60-90 years with mean age of 69.7 ± 7 years. The predominant mechanism of injury was trivial falls in 18 (66.7%) patients. The commonest complication was pressure sore in 2 (5.7%) patients, followed by surgical site infection in 1 (2.9%) patient and periprosthetic fracture in 1 (2.9%) patients. Early post-operative mortality was 2.9%. Post-operative hip functional status according to Postel and Merle d Aubigne revealed that majority (66.6%) of patients had satisfactory hip function.

Conclusion:

Functional outcome of Austin Moore in elderly patients above 60 years with fracture neck of femur was satisfactory in most of the cases with minimal morbidity. Careful patient selection for hemiarthroplasty is vital and may decrease the incidence of complications and ameliorate the outcomes in the treatment of intracapsular femoral neck fractures.  相似文献   

6.
Hospital characteristics and quality of care.   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
OBJECTIVE. To compare quality of care measured by explicit criteria, implicit review, and sickness-adjusted outcomes at different types of hospitals. DESIGN. Further analysis of data retrospectively abstracted from medical records to evaluate the effects of prospective payment on quality of care for hospitalized Medicare patients. SETTING. Hospitals in five states were sampled to represent the national Medicare admissions along many dimensions. PATIENTS. A total of 14,008 elderly patients with one of the following five diseases: congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, stroke, or hip fracture. These patients were randomly sampled from those with these diseases in 297 hospitals in two time periods, 1981 to 1982 and 1985 to 1986. OUTCOME MEASURES. Explicit criteria, implicit review, and mortality within 30 days of admission adjusted for sickness at admission. RESULTS. Quality of care ratings for hospital types are similar using explicit criteria, implicit review, and outcomes adjusted for sickness at admission. Quality differences between types of hospitals were large, with the lowest group estimated to have four percentage points higher mortality than major teaching hospitals in a cohort of patients with average mortality of 16%. Quality varies from state to state, but teaching, larger, and more urban hospitals have better quality in general than nonteaching, small, and rural hospitals. Hospital quality persists over time, but small nonteaching hospitals narrowed the gap with better quality hospitals between 1981 and 1986. CONCLUSIONS. The different measures led to consistent and plausible relationships between quality and hospital characteristics. Thus, valid information about hospital quality can be obtained. We need to develop ways to use such information to improve care.  相似文献   

7.
Hip fracture is a potentially devastating condition for older adults. Hip fracture leads to pain and immobilization with complications ranging from delirium to functional loss and death. Although a mainstay of treatment is orthopedic repair, a multidisciplinary comanagement approach, including medical specialists and rehabilitation, may maximize patient recovery. Using the case of Mr W, an older man who sustained a fall and hip fracture, we present evidence-based components of care both in the hospital and outpatient settings. Preoperatively, clinicians should correct medical abnormalities and consider the appropriateness, timing, and type of surgical repair in the context of the patient's life expectancy and goals of care. Perioperative care should include prophylaxis with antibiotics, chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism, and correction of major clinical abnormalities prior to surgery. Pain control, delirium, and pressure ulcer prevention are important inpatient care elements. Multidisciplinary models incorporating these care elements can decrease complications during inpatient stay. Rehabilitation strategies should be tailored to patient needs; early mobilization followed by rehabilitation exercises in institutional, home, and group settings should be considered to maximize restoration of locomotive abilities. Attention to care transitions is necessary and treatment for osteoporosis should be considered. The road to recovery for hip fracture patients is long and most patients may not regain their prefracture functional status. Understanding and anticipating issues that may arise in the older patient with hip fracture, while delivering evidence-based care components, is necessary to maximize patient recovery.  相似文献   

8.
In this study 147 patients with hip fractures were reviewed and reassessed to establish their mortality and morbidity. The early mortality was 10.8% and this rose to 27% at three months. The major factors which determined mortality and morbidity were the age of the patient, male sex, and the degree of social dependence of the patient both before and after the fracture. The site of the fracture or the type of anaesthetic used did not significantly affect the outcome. The shortage of Nursing Home and long-term care facilities resulted in prolonged hospital stay for many patients.  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨抗旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月—2012年8月我院31例股骨转子间骨折患者行PFNA内固定的临床治疗情况。结果所有患者获得6个月~12个月的随访,平均7.8个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间平均20周。无螺旋刀片松动断裂及切出股骨头、髓内钉断裂、股骨干骨折、感染、深静脉血栓等并发症发生。结论 PFNA治疗股骨转子间骨折具有技术符合生物力学固定原则、操作步骤简单、骨折固定稳定、患者可早期功能锻练及并发症少等优点,尤其适合老年骨质疏松患者,是比较理想的股骨转子间骨折内固定系统。  相似文献   

10.
小切口微创髋关节置换术治疗高龄髋部骨折   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨小切口微创髋关节置换治疗高龄髋部骨折的可行性及结果。方法:自2003年1月~2006年2月,采用Hading入路切8cm切口,微创为25例高龄患者(85岁以上)进行髋关节人工关节置换术,男20例,女5例,年龄86~94岁,平均90岁。股骨颈GardenⅡ型7例,GardenⅢ-Ⅳ型15例,粗隆间骨折Evan分型Ⅳ型3例,均采用Plus公司的假体及工具完成手术,观察手术时间,术中出血量、切口长度、术后住院天数以及精神状态和并发症。结果:全部病例随访6~25个月,小切口对髋关节局部解剖、生物学环境干扰小,平均手术时间50min,围手术期出血量、引流量平均200ml,平均住院2周,术后2~4d有3例出现一过性精神障碍,1例深静脉炎发生,术后平均2d下地。结论:小切口微创技术可选择性的用于高龄髋部骨折人工关节置换术。其创伤小、围手术期出血少,切口仅为8cm,并不影响关节假体的置换及位置,术后早期下地疼痛轻、功能恢复快。对高龄老人精神状态变化、睡眠活动定型的“颠倒黑白”应该有良好的心理安慰与治疗。积极的预防性的开展一般抗凝、机械抗凝、药物性抗凝综合抗凝治疗,提高高龄髋部骨折置换术后治疗效果。  相似文献   

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