中国小型猪原位肝移植的实验研究

目的总结中国小型猪非转流条件下原位肝移植的手术特点,探索建立成熟、稳定的移植模型。方法通过18例次非转流条件下中国小型版纳猪原位肝脏移植术,结合手术特点进行技术改进,观察围手术期血液动力学及重要代谢指标的变化,观察手术技术改进及术后处理对存活率的影响。结果所有手术无术中死亡,术后7d存活率88.9%。平均手术时间(179.6±14.3)min,平均无肝期(27.3±3.4)min。无肝期血液动力学及生化代谢波动明显。术后当天麻醉清醒,术后3￣5h左右开始自行排出小便,术后第3天正常进食。结论无肝期手术时间的缩短及血液动力学的相对稳定是非转流条件下猪原位肝移植成功的关键。     

猪减体积实验原位肝脏移植模型的建立及探讨

目的制作猪肝脏减体积原位移植模型，为临床肝脏移植提供稳定的模型基础。方法采用改良的原位肝脏移植20例，对供肝减少体积约1／3，对断面修整后，行原位移植，观察血流动力学及血液生化和温度的变化。结果手术时间（220±31）min，无肝期（35±6）min，动物术后肝功能恢复顺利，1周存活率达65％，13例动物长期存活。结论采用猪同种异体原位减体积肝脏移植模型具有操作简便，标准化程度及手术成功率高，重复性和稳定性好的优点，是大型动物肝移植系列研究的较理想动物模型，为充分利用有限的器官资源提供理论支持。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型建立方法的若干问题探讨

目的探讨建立大鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改进的二袖套法行100例Lewis→BN大鼠原位肝移植,术中门静脉、肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果供体手术时间(30.9±5.0)min,供肝修整时间(10.0±3.0)min,受体手术时间(50.0±5.5)min,无肝期为(23.0±2.5)min。手术成功率为92%(术后存活2 d以上),1周存活率为87%,1个月存活率为84%。结论通过提高手术技巧,熟悉各种并发症的原因和预防处理措施,可以减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率,延长大鼠术后存活时间。     

犬活体肝移植术中的管道处理技巧

目的 总结非转流条件下犬活体肝移植中各种管道处理技巧,探索建立成熟、稳定的移植模型.方法 通过预实验组5例次和实验组11例次非转流条件下犬活体肝移植术,结合其解剖特点,观察手术技术改进对存活率的影响.结果 预实验中5例手术均在术中及术后24 h内死亡.实验组手术中死亡2例,术后48 h存活率77.8%.受体犬手术时间平均(281.3±29.7)min,无肝期0 min;失血量为(262.1±27.5)ml,输血量(261.7±41.6)ml.术后第2 d正常进食.结论 术中各管道的合理处理对非转流条件下犬活体肝移植成功有重要意义.     

11例同种异体原位肝移植术的围手术期处理

目的：总结11例同种异体原位肝移植手术成功的经验。方法：回顾分析11例同种异体原位肝移植手术的围手术期处理,总结经验。结果：11例肝移植术手术成功率100%,围手术期病死率0,1年存活率100%,胆道并发症发生率9.1%（1/11）,腹腔出血27.2%（3/11）,急性排斥反应18.2%（2/11）。结论：严格掌握适应证、手术时机,缩短无肝期,术后严密监护治疗,及时正确处理并发症是肝移植术成功的关键。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的建立和术式改进

目的探讨双袖套法建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型及术式改进.方法在Kamada等的袖套法大鼠肝移植模型的基础上改进,施行原位肝移植95例,建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型.结果供体手术时间(33.1±2.4)min,受体手术时间(45.7±2.1)min,无肝期(15.9±1.9)min.手术死亡9例,手术成功率90.5%,其中出血5例,空气栓塞2例,血管扭曲2例.术后1周存活率87.2%,术后1周内死亡的主要原因:术后胆漏和腹腔感染各1例,肝上下腔静脉狭窄2例和肝下下腔静脉血栓1例、胆管梗阻和袖套脱落出血各3例.结论改进的大鼠原位肝移植模型稳定可靠,手术成功率高,为肝移植提供理想的研究手段.高质量完成手术每一步骤,缩短无肝期是手术成功的关键.     

长爪沙鼠原位肝移植模型的建立

目的建立长爪沙鼠原位肝移植模型的方法与技术。方法用改良的双套管法行100对长爪沙鼠原位肝移植手术,门静脉、肝下下腔静脉行套管吻合,而肝上上腔静脉采用缝合法,胆管内支架法完成胆道重建。结果在手术成熟后,供体手术时间为34.56±5.12 min,修肝及安置套管时间为15.43±2.75 min,受体手术时间为58.37±8.54 min,其中无肝期为23.66±4.47 min。手术成功率为86.67%(术后存活6 h以上)。结论改良的双套管法成功建立了长爪沙鼠肝移植模型,通过手术技巧训练可提高手术成功率,延长爪沙鼠存活时间。     

大鼠原位部分肝移植与围手术期处理的技术改进

目的 探讨大鼠原位部分肝移植技术与围手术期处理改进。方法 将”二袖套法”部分肝移植技术在袖套制作、肝叶切除、受体麻醉、肝上下腔静脉吻合、以及围手术期处理等方面进行改进,施行50％部分肝移植手术,观察手术技巧、围手术期处理等因素对部分肝移植大鼠存活率的影响。结果 肝上下腔静脉吻合时间为5—8min,无肝期为11—15min,手术死亡率15．79％,术后24h存活率84．21％,1周存活率63．16％,7d后移植肝重量达原受体大鼠肝脏的92．6％。结论 大鼠年龄、体重、术前状态、精细的术中操作、防止失血、防止术后低血糖的发生是决定大鼠原位部分肝移植成功的关键因素。本研究中的许多改良能有效保障大鼠部分肝移植模型的稳定性。     

改良二袖套管法大鼠原位肝移植动物模型150例体会

目的用改良二袖套法建立稳定的大鼠原位肝移植动物模型。方法采用改良的二袖套法施行大鼠原位肝移植动物实验150例,观察术后并发症及存活率。结果受体平均无肝期为13分钟,受体手术时间45分钟,24小时存活率97％,两周存活率为90％。结论改良二袖套管法大鼠原位肝移植术操作简便,具有无肝期短,手术成功率高,重复性好,提高了大鼠肝移植动物模型的稳定性。     

非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的研究

目的 探讨非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的可行性.方法 选用太湖猪种的梅山猪行无体外静脉转流条件猪原位肝移植术,观察供/受体手术情况;分别于无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期和关腹前进行血气分析和血电解质、凝血功能和部分生化指标测定,记录平均动脉压、中心静脉压、心率,采用前后对照的方法 ,明确非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术不同时期主要存在的病理生理改变,探讨相应的处理原则.结果 顺利完成非体外静脉转流猪原位肝移植术15例(手术成功率88.2%),受体肝移植手术过程中各重要生理指标变化较大,经积极有效的针对性处理后,除关腹前APTT和Fg仍异常(P<0.05)外,其他都恢复至基础水平.结论 良好的手术技术,积极有效地防止和纠正内环境改变,是稳定建立非静脉转流猪原位肝移植术模型的关键因素;该模型与临床肝移植术的方法 及要求基本一致,有很强的模拟性.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…