阿尔茨海默病的静息态功能磁共振、弥散张量成像及脑灌注研究进展（英文）

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)以认知和记忆能力下降为主要特征,轻度认知功能障碍是AD的早期阶段,AD的病理生理机制目前尚不清楚,本文综述了AD有关的神经影像学研究,通过应用磁共振成像新技术包括静息态脑功能成像、弥散张量成像、脑灌注成像,有助于我们从功能、结构和灌注的角度更深入理解AD的病理生理机制。本文对此做简要综述。     

基于图论的戈谢病患儿静息态功能脑网络分析

目的 研究戈谢病（Gaucher disease,GD）患儿静息态功能网络拓扑属性的变化,并分析其与各临床参数之间的相关性。方法 选择16例临床确诊为GD的患儿和16例性别、年龄相匹配的健康对照儿童。所有受试者均采集3D-T1结构数据及静息态脑功能数据,利用图论分析脑网络拓扑属性的变化,两组之间的比较采用双样本t检查,发生显著变化的拓扑属性与临床参数（年龄、发病年龄、病程、治疗时间）进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 与健康对照组比较,GD患儿组的全局拓扑属性没有显著性变化;右侧额中回节点度显著性降低,右侧额中回、左侧额下回/眶额回、左侧顶上回/顶下回/楔前叶/角回节点效率显著性降低,这些脑区均位于执行控制网络;丢失2个核心节点,即楔前叶、左侧丘脑,新出现3个核心节点,即右侧角回/枕中回、右侧丘脑/尾状核/壳、右顶下小叶。这些脑区的拓扑属性与临床参数间未发现显著性相关。结论 GD患儿全局拓扑属性保持稳定,执行控制网络的部分脑区节点功能下降,部分核心节点发生自适应性再分布,该研究可为GD患儿脑功能损伤提供神经影像学证据。     

Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

The 160 and 200 Kd phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament monoclonal antibodies were used as the probe to study the cytoskeletal protein distribution inside cerebral neurons of 2 normal adults and 2 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunocytochemical technique was applied in this study. Non-phosphorylated neurofilament was located in the perikarua, whereas, the phosphorylated neurofilament was rich in the peripheral of the neuron's cell body and axons in the normal adult brain. In AD, no significant difference was seen when non-phosphorylated neurofilament was compared with normal adult brain; but phosphorylated neurofilament was seen accumulated inside the neuron's cell bodies. We did not find any immunoreactivity of the above cytoskeletal proteins in the senile plaques. These results indicate that the accumulation of high molecular weight phosphorylated neurofilament inside the neuron's cell bodies is the early pathogenetic change of AD.