TLR4信号促进前列腺癌PC3细胞VEGF/IL-8分泌及相关信号机制

目的研究TLR4在人前列腺癌PC3细胞中的表达意义及相关胞内信号机制。方法利用TLR4特异性配体脂多糖(LPS)刺激人前列腺癌PC3细胞,分别于LPS刺激0、2、6、12、24、48 h后收集细胞和上清,通过RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹方法检测TLR4在基因和蛋白水平的表达变化,通过RT-PCR方法检测胞内TGF-β、VEGF、IL-8、COX-2和MMP3的mRNA表达变化和ELISA方法检测上清VEGF、IL-8蛋白的表达变化;为了进一步研究相关信号通路,分别采用MAPK和NF-κB信号通路抑制剂预处理PC3细胞,然后利用同等浓度的LPS刺激,分别于4 h和24 h后收集上清,通过RT-PCR和ELISA方法重复上述细胞因子的检测。结果在LPS刺激后,人前列腺癌PC3细胞的TLR4功能性表达上调,引起胞内TGF-β、VEGF、IL-8、COX-2和MMP3的mRNA表达升高和上清中VEGF、IL-8的分泌增多(P<0.05);进一步研究表明胞内p38 MAPK和NF-κB信号通路参与了此过程。结论TLR4信号通过p38 MAPK和NF-κB信号通路促进VEGF和IL-8的分泌。     

干扰结肠癌上皮细胞Ascl2的表达致其向杯状细胞表型分化

目的探讨转录因子Ascl2对结肠癌细胞分化的影响。方法采用Ascl2分子干扰质粒和对照质粒对结肠癌HT-29和LS174T细胞进行转染,通过G418筛选建立稳定转染的细胞系,采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测干扰Ascl2分子表达对肠杯状细胞标志物Muc2和TFF3表达的影响。结果成功构建了shRNA-Ascl2/EGFP质粒以及对照质粒shRNA-control/EGFP,经测序与预期相符,G418筛选获得shRNA-Ascl2/HT-29、shRNA-Ctr/HT-29、shRNA-Ascl2/LS174T和shRNA-Ctr/LS174T稳定转染细胞。RT-PCR和Western blot检测证实干扰质粒能够有效地抑制HT-29和LS174T细胞内的Ascl2的表达(P<0.01)。RT-PCR检测发现Muc2和TFF3 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的HT-29细胞内均明显上调(P<0.05);Muc2 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的LS174T细胞内明显上调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是TFF3 mRNA表达水平在Ascl2干扰后的LS174T内升高不明显(P>0.05)。Western blot检测发现Muc2蛋白质表达水平在Ascl2干扰后明显上调(P<0.05)。结论干扰结肠癌HT-29和LS174T细胞内Ascl2的表达导致其向杯状细胞的表型分化。     

热休克转录因子2通过促进白细胞介素-10的表达对肺癌发生的影响

目的 探讨热休克转录因子2(HSF2)通过促进白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的表达对肺癌发生的影响.方法 选取50例肺癌患者的癌组织及癌旁组织,采用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组织化学法,分别检测HSF2、IL-10的mRNA、蛋白的表达;在A549细胞中,以siRNA干扰HSF2的表达,采用Western blot法检测IL-10的表达水平.结果 与对应癌旁组织相比,肺癌组织中76％(38/50)病例的HSF2表达上调(P＜0.01),80％ (40/50)病例的IL-10表达上调(P＜0.01),蛋白水平和mRNA水平一致.肺癌组织中IL-10的表达上调与HSF2的表达上调呈正相关(R2 =0.921 6).siRNA干扰HSF2可减弱A549中IL-10的表达.结论 HSF2可通过促进IL-10的表达影响肺癌的发生.     

脑缺血肺损伤大鼠肺组织TNF-α的表达变化

目的 探讨脑缺血后损伤肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的表达变化。方法 成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑缺血肺损伤组(n=13),其中每组5只用于免疫组化检测TNF-α在肺的定位分布,余8只分别用于RT-PCR和Western blot检测TNF-α mRNA和蛋白水平变化。术后24 h取肺组织行RT-PCR、术后48 h取肺组织行Western blot检测肺组织TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达水平;术后3 d取肺组织行免疫组织化学染色检测肺组织内TNF-α的定位分布。结果 肺组织TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达在脑缺血肺组织明显增加,与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TNF-α主要分布在气道上皮细胞和巨噬样细胞。结论 脑缺血后损伤肺组织TNF-α表达上调,提示其可能与脑缺血肺损伤炎症反应有关。     

旋毛虫重组抗原P53对小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞表达吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶的影响

目的 研究旋毛虫重组抗原P53对小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞（DC2.4）吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶（IDO）的表达及炎性因子分泌情况的影响。方法 设立实验组（旋毛虫重组抗原P53,终浓度为20 µg/mL）、阳性对照组（IFN-γ,来源于提高树突状细胞IDO表达的小鼠,浓度为1 000 U/mL）和阴性对照组（PBS）,分别刺激细胞0、3、6、12、24 h后收集样品,利用qPCR技术对细胞内IDO、IL-10、IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA的转录水平进行检测;利用Western-blot方法检测各组IDO蛋白表达水平。进一步利用间接免疫荧光技术对细胞内的IDO进行检测。结果 qPCR结果表明,旋毛虫P53蛋白能引起胞内IDO、IL-10、IL-6及TNF-α的mRNA的转录水平增加,且呈现出时间依赖性。在24 h时,相比于阴性对照组,P53蛋白刺激组IDO及IL-6转录水平上调了5倍左右,抑炎因子IL-10 mRNA转录水平更是上调了9倍左右,TNF-α mRNA转录水平上调了7倍左右;Western-blot结果显示,旋毛虫P53蛋白刺激组和IFN-γ阳性对照组的细胞内IDO的蛋白表达水平均显著高于空白对照组,在刺激时间为24 h时相比于空白对照组上调了4倍;间接免疫荧光结果显示,旋毛虫P53蛋白刺激组相比于阴性对照组出现了明显的荧光。结论 旋毛虫重组抗原P53能够诱导树突状细胞IDO表达水平的上调,且呈现时间依赖性,可能与旋毛虫逃避宿主的免疫有一定关系。     

内毒素诱导巨噬细胞HMGB1表达的实验研究

目的:探讨内毒素(脂多糖,Lipoplysaccharide,LPS)刺激巨噬细胞后高迁移率族蛋白B1(High mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)的释放和表达水平.方法:用100 ng/ml的LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,分别于刺激后0、6、12、18、24、30、36 h和48 h,用Western blot检测细胞培养上清、细胞浆和细胞核内HMGB1蛋白的含量;用RT-PCR检测细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达情况;用免疫细胞化学、激光共聚焦显微镜观察LPS刺激后细胞浆和胞核内HMGB1的含量变化.分别于LPS刺激后0、1、2、4 h和6h,用酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzymelinked immunoassay,ELISA)测定细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-6的含鼍.结果:LPS刺激后0～12 h细胞培养上清中无法检测到HMGB1蛋白,18 h后细胞培养上清中HMGB1蛋白的含量开始增加,于24 h达到高峰,以后稳定维持在较高水平;LPS刺激前,HMGB1主要分布于细胞核内,胞核中HMGB1蛋白含量较高,胞浆中HMGB1蛋白含量少;LPS刺激后12～48 h细胞浆中HMGB1蛋白含量逐渐增加;而LPS刺激后12～24 h细胞核内HMGB1含量逐渐减少,30 h后细胞核内HMGB1含量又逐渐增多.RT-PCR结果显示,LPS刺激后0～18 h,培养细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达量无明显变化,24～36 h培养细胞中HMGB1的mRNA表达量明显增加.ELISA结果显示,LPS刺激后1 h,细胞培养上清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量明显增高,2 h达到高峰.结论:LPS可诱导单核-巨噬细胞内HMGB1、TNF-α、IL-6表达和释放增加,LPS诱导巨噬细胞释放HMGB1的时间明显晚于TNF-α、IL-6的释放时间;LPS诱导巨噬细胞内的HMGB1从细胞核向细胞浆转位,并释放到细胞外;LPS诱导巨噬细胞HMGB1 mRNA基因表达上调的时间和蛋白合成的时间出现较晚.     

姜黄素对透析相关性腹膜炎大鼠腹膜IL-6表达的影响

目的 研究姜黄素在腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎中对大鼠腹膜内白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响.方法 腹腔注射表皮葡萄球菌诱发大鼠急性腹膜炎,应用免疫组织化学染色、Western blot及RT-PCR方法 ,分别在注射后3 h,24 h及48 h检测姜黄素处理组与无姜黄素处理组大鼠腹膜内IL-6的表达情况.结果 腹腔注射表皮葡萄球菌诱导大鼠产生急性腹膜炎后,免疫组化、Western blot及RT-PCR的检测结果 证实,腹膜内IL-6的表达自感染后3 h到24 h出现时间依赖性升高.与无姜黄素处理组相比,姜黄素处理组大鼠腹膜IL-6的表达水平降低.此外,姜黄素处理组腹膜细胞损伤较无姜黄素处理组轻.结论 姜黄素在由表皮葡萄球菌引起的腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎中具有保护作用.     

芍药苷减弱真菌葡聚糖诱导的支气管上皮细胞内NLRP3炎性小体活化

目的：探讨脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）联合真菌葡聚糖能否活化支气管上皮细胞16HBE内NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3,NLRP3）炎性小体,芍药苷（paeoniflorin,PF）对该NLRP3炎性小体的活化是否有抑制作用及相关机制。方法：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖建立感染模型,RT-PCR检测细胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-1β mRNA的表达;ELISA检测细胞上清中IL-1β含量;caspase-1活性检测试剂盒检测胞内caspase-1活化程度;流式检测胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）变化;Western blot检测胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达变化。结果：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖联合作用于支气管上皮细胞,胞内NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β表达转录加强,细胞上清中IL-1β含量增加,caspase-1活性上调,细胞内ROS升高;PF预作用细胞后,胞内ROS随着药物浓度增加而逐渐降低,NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β的转录表达也随之受抑制而下调。结论：LPS联合真菌葡聚糖可有效活化支气管上皮细胞内NLRP3炎性小体,而PF能有效抑制胞内ROS产生从而抑制炎性小体活化、抑制真菌葡聚糖所致的炎性反应。     

C/EBPε增强U937细胞中PI3Kγ基因的表达

目的研究过量表达转录因子CCAAT-增强子结合蛋白ε(CCAAT/enhancerbinding proteins, C/EBPε)对磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶γ(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3Kγ)基因的影响.方法将C/EBPε基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-C/EBPε电穿孔转染U937细胞,G418筛选出稳定转染的混合细胞克隆后,用RT-PCR与Western blot的方法,分别检测转染细胞与对照细胞中C/EBPε与PI3Kγ基因的表达水平.结果过量表达转录因子C/EBPε后,可以显著提高U937细胞中PI3Kγ基因的表达水平.结论核内转录因子C/EBPε可能参与了PI3Kγ基因的转录调控.     

脑缺血大鼠肺组织中IL-6的表达变化

【摘要】 目的 探讨脑缺血肺组织白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的表达变化。方法 将成年SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和脑缺血肺损伤组,用线栓法建立大脑中动脉堵塞脑缺血肺损伤模型。脑缺血后24 h取肺组织用RT-PCR,48 h用Western blot技术检测肺组织IL-6的表达量。脑缺血后72 h用免疫组织化学技术检测IL-6蛋白定位分布。结果 肺组织IL-6基因和蛋白表达在脑缺血肺组织明显增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。IL-6阳性染色主要位于气道上皮细胞胞和巨噬样细胞。结论 脑缺血后肺组织IL-6表达明显上调,提示IL-6与脑缺血肺损伤有一定关系。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…