Observation on the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection in treating traumatic hyphema and the opportune time for its application

Objective： To observe the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection （SMI） in treating traumatic hyphema （TH） and the opportune time for its application. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted in 174 patients with TH （all with a single eye wounded）, of whom 92 patients were treated with dicynone and 82 with SMI, and their status of recurrent or aggravated hemorrhage within 5 days after trauma were analyzed. Further, a prospective study was conducted in 76 TH patients （all with a single eye wounded）, who were treated with dicynone though they had hyphema 5 days after treatment. After the dicynone medication was discontinued, 39 of them were treated with Sl, but 37 were not. The status of hyphema absorption was observed. Results： The retrospective study showed that the number of cases with recurrent or aggravated bleeding in the SMI-treatment group was much more than that in the dicynone- treated group （Z=-2.531, P=0.011）. On the other hand, the prospective study showed that the status of hyphema absorption among the SMI-treated patients was significantly better than in those untreated with SMI （Z=-2.642, P=0.008）. Conclusion： SMI shows an effect of promoting the absorption of TH, and SMI treatment is worthy of being spread in clinical practice. For safety considerations, it is suitable to apply the treatment 5 days after trauma.     

Cyclosporine Inhibits Apoptosis in Experimental Murine rophthalamia Conjunctival Epithelium

Summary： This study examined the inhibitory effect of topical cyclosporine （CsA） treatment on conjunctiva epithelial apoptosis in a murine model of xerophthalamia. Dry eye was induced in 3 groups of C57BL6 mice by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine （t.i.d） and exposure to an air draft and low-humidity environment for 16 h each day for 12 days. The dry eye control group received no topical treatment; another group received 1 μL of 0.05 % CsA topically （t.i.d, dry eye＋CsA）; and the third group received 1 μL of the castor oil vehicle of CsA topically （t.i.d, dry eye ＋ vehicle）. Normal mice were used as untreated controls. Twelve days later, the mice were killed, and their conjunctivas were excised. The number of the conjunctival goblet cells was counted in tissue sections stained with periodic acid Schiff （PAS） reagent. Their conjunctiva epithelium had been investigated by immuno-histochemical staining to detect the goblet cells and the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and bcl-2 Our results showed that compared with dry eye control and dry eye mice ＋ vehicle groups, the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells was significantly greater in the untreated controls and dry eye mice receiving CsA （P 〈 0.01 for both groups）. There was no significant difference in the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells between the dry eye control and dry eye＋vehicle group. It was also true of the number of conjunctival epithelial goblet cells when comparison was made between the normal group and the dry eye＋CsA group. Expressions of Caspas-3 and Bax were increased and ex-pression of bcl-2 was decreased in conjunctival epithelial cells in dry eye control and dry eye mice＋vehicle groups. There was a significant positive correlation between goblet cell number and the number of cells that expressed bcl-2, and a negative correlation between goblet cells and Caspase-3 and Bax expression. It is concluded that the topical use of CsA could significantly reduce conjuncti-val epithelial apoptosis and protect goblet cell against the loss in experimental murine xerophathala-mia. Inhibition of apoptosis appears to be a key mechanism responsible for the therapeutic effect of CsA on xerophthalamia.     

A Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Carbomer Gel and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Containing Artificial Tears in Dry Eyes

The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of a 0.4% carbomer gel and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） containing artificial tears in treatment of dry eye patients. Sixty subjects with mean age of 45.89 years who had symptoms and signs of dry eye were enrolled in this prospective, investigator-masked and stratified random sampling study. The subjects were divided into two parallel groups with 30 subjects （60 eyes） in each group. One group received carbomer gel, and the other group received 1% CMC containing artificial tears. Subjects received the drops 3 to 4 times or more per day for 3 months. At the first visit time, the precorneal residence time of these two drops was measured. The efficacy was assessed by comparing the subjective symptoms （ocular dry- ness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and pain）, and the objective test results of tears breakup time, Schirmer＇s test and corneal fluorescein staining prior to the study and after the treat- ment. As a result, the ocular residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC （P〈0.001）. Most of the primary subjective symptoms and objective test results were improved after treatment in both carbomer gel group and 1% CMC group. As to the improvement of each symptom and objective test result, carbomer gel was more effective than 1% CMC group （P〈0.01）. In conclusion, carbomer gel had longer precorneal residence time and was more effective than 1% CMC in the treatment of patients with dry eyes.     

控制子宫内膜异位症保守手术后的复发：中医药与西医的比较

Objective： To compare the clinical effect of Chinese medicine （CM） and Western medicine （WM） for controlling the recurrence of pelvic endometriosis after a conservative operation. Methods： The study was a multi-center, randomized, parallel controlled and prospective clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups： CM group （106 cases） and WM group （102 cases）. Drugs were given to patients during 1--5 days of the first menstruation after a conservative operation in both groups. Patients with stages I and I1 （revised American Fertility Society） were treated for 3 months, while the patients with stages Ill and IV were treated for 6 months. The patients in the CM group were treated using three types of Chinese herbal medicine based on syndrome differentiation. Patients in the WM group were treated using gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist （GnRH-a） or gestrinone. Patients treated with GnRH-a received add-back therapy of Tibolone Tablets once a day after 4 months of treatment. Any cases of dysmenorrheal chronic pelvic pain, menstruation and any adverse reactions of patients were recorded once a month during the preoperative and postoperative periods and once every 3 months during the follow-up period. During the preoperative, postoperative and the follow-up periods, patients underwent type B ultrasonography of the pelvis and measurements of serum CA125 levels, gynecologic examination, routine evaluations of blood, urine, hepatic function （glutamate pyruvate transaminase）, renal function （blood urea nitrogen） and electrocardiograms. Dudng the follow-up period they underwent type B pelvic ultrasonography, measurement of serum CA125 levels and further gynecologic examinations. The two treatments were compared for clinical recurrence rates, pregnancy rates and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results： The incidence and timing of recurrence of endometriosis were not significantly different between the two groups. The first pregnancy achieved by the patient in the CM .qroup was si.clnificantly earlier than that in the WM group （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the WM group was significantly higher than in the CM group （P〈O.01）. Conclusions： Treatment with Chinese herbal medicines prevented the recurrence of endometriosis after a conservative operation, improved the conception rate and showed fewer and lighter adverse reactions than did treatment with WM therapy. Treatment with Chinese herbal medicine meets the need of patients wishing to have a child following endometriosis and is an appropriate form of clinical treatment.     

A Multicentral Randomized Control Study on Clinical Acupuncture Treatment of Bell＇s Palsy

To confirm the clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on Bell＇s palsy. Methods： 480 cases from 4 hospitals were enrolled for this study, among whom 439 cases completed the whole course of the study. The patients were randomly divided into the following 3 groups, a control group（treated with prednisone, vitamin B 1, vitamin B 12 and dibazol）, an acu-moxibustion group （treated with filiform needle plus moxibustion）, and a basic treatment plus acu-moxibustion group （treated with oral medicine like those in the control group plus acupuncture, and with moxibustion like in the acu-moxibustion group）. The whole treatment course lasted 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the symptoms and signs, House-Brackmann grading scale and facial disability indexes（FDI）. Results： All the 4 centers （hospitals） completed this study well, with no statistically significant difference found among the 4 centers in therapeutic effects. The patients with different conditions were well distributed in the 3 groups, thus the basic general data were comparable （P〉0.05）. The therapeutic effects of the two treatment groups were better than the control group （respectively P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）, and it was the best in the acu-moxibustion group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Acupuncture and moxibustion may exert definite therapeutic effects on Bell＇s palsy, better than that of the basic treatment group or the basic treatment plus acu-moxibustion group.     

Rosiglitazone Improving Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes with Coronary Artery Disease after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective Rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ （PPARγ）, is an insulin- sensitizing antidiabetic agent and inhibits restenosis in animal blood vessels. This study was designed to investigate its effects on clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease （CAD） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Patients with diabetes and CAD who had undergone PCI were randomly assigned to a rosiglitazone group or a control group. Patients in the rosiglitazone treatment group were treated with rosiglitazone 1 day before PCI （4mg once daily） and treatment was continued until the 6 months follow-up; while in the control group, patients were treated with placebo 1 day before the procedure and until the 6 months follow-up. Adverse events were death, myocardial infarction and urgent target vessel revascularization within 6 months after PCI. Results Seventy patients in the rosiglitazone group and 66 patients in the control group survived during the follow-up. Baseline characteristics among patients in the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference in target vessels or the procedure of stent implantation. Compared with the control group, treatment with rosiglitazone was associated with a lower rate of death, myocardial infarction and urgent target vessel revascularization （5.7% vs 19.7%, P=0.013）. Conclusion Rosiglitazone could reduce the risk of the adverse cardiovascular event and improve clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes with coronary artery disease after PCI.     

DOES PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING HELP TO PREDICT THE RESPONSE TO ACUPUNCTURE OR MASSAGE/ RELAXATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A GENERAL NEUROLOGY CLINIC WITH HEADACHE?

Patients with chronic headache were offered treatment by acupuncture or massage with relaxation instead of a change in their prescribed medication. They were randomly allocated to either treatment. There was a significant improvement in pain ratings with both treatment types. Specifically a greater effect was seen in migraine patients treated by massage with relaxation when compared to acupuncture. No psychological factors were found to predict response to either treatment. At the end of the study, 13% of patients were significantly more worried that there may be a more serious cause underlying their headache despite reassurance and an improvement in their headache scores.     

Development and evaluation of a patching treatment questionnaire for Chinese amblyopic children

Background Amblyopia is a common disease for children.The main treatment approach for amblyopia is to patch the normally sighted eye and force the use of the amblyopic eye.However,patching treatment in children may negatively impact psychological well-being of both the child and family.At present,no specific questionnaire is available to assess the health-related quality of life （HRQoL） of amblyopic treatment for children and their families in China.The purpose of our study was to develop a Chinese version of patching treatment questionnaire,and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The original patching treatment questionnaire of amblyopia treatment index （ATI） was translated into Chinese.Amblyopic patients aged 4-9 years receiving patching 4-8 hours per day or full-time were recruited.The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the patching treatment questionnaire were determined by internal consistency,test-retest reliability,item-scale correlations,and construct validity.The associated baseline factors and the questionnaire responses were assessed.Results One hundred and nine children with amblyopia treated with patching were enrolled.Distribution of response options for individual items and correlation with the respective subscale were calculated.Factor analysis revealed that 16 of the 21 items were loaded in the three subscales as follows：＂adverse effects＂ of treatment,“difficulties with compliance＂ and ＂social stigma＂ of treatment.Intemal consistency values measured by Cronbach＇s a coefficient （0.768） and split-half coefficient （0.790） were satisfactory for the total scales.The intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.998.No significant difference was found between the overall questionnaire scores and children＇s age,sex,baseline visual acuity of amblyopic eyes,improvement of the amblyopic eye,or patching time.Conclusions We developed a Chinese version of the patching treatment questionnaire with satisfactory reliability and validity.Validation in a patch-treated pediatric amblyopic population indicated that the questionnaire may be useful for Chinese children.     

Clinical observation of treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn by integrated traditional chinese and western medicine

Objective: To find a method of treatment for correcting hyperbilirubinemia timely and effectively to prevent bilirubin induced cerebral damage in the newborn. Methods: The newborns with hyperbilirubinemia in the treated group were treated with conventional treatment plus Butyribacterial preparation (BBP) and Simo Decoction (SMD, 四磨饮) taken orally, and the effect was compared with that in control group A treated with conventional treatment only and that in control group B treated with conventional treatment plus BBP. Results: The mean daily decreasing rate of bilirubin in the treated group was 51.11±25.03 μmol/L, which was higher than that in control groups A (39.36±22.44 μmol/L) and B (43.24±24.18 μmol/L), respectively (P<0.01 and P<0.05). The bilirubin decreasing value on the first day and the speed of bilirubin decreasing (to 102.6 μmol/L) in the treated group were both higher than those in the control groups, P<0.01. Conclusion: The combined therapy of conventional treatment plus BBP and SMD could rapidly reduce the blood bilirubin level in the newborn with hyperbilirubinemia, and shorten the therapeutic course markedly, and the therapeutic effect is superior to that of the conventional treatment alone or that of the conventional treatment plus BBP only.     

Effect of medical ozone therapy on renal blood flow and renal function of patients with chronic severe hepatitis

Background Medical ozone therapy system was reported to have certain effects on the treatment of severe hepatitis, but its mechanism is not very clear. One of the causes of death of severe hepatitis is complication of renal damage or hepatorenal syndrome. The present study aimed to observe effects of medical ozone therapy system on plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin II （All）, aldosterone （ALD）, renal blood flow and renal function of patients with chronic severe hepatitis and explore mechanisms of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of severe hepatitis. Methods Eighty-five cases with chronic severe hepatitis were randomly divided into ozone therapy group （43 cases） and control group （42 cases）. The patients in the ozone therapy group were treated with basic treatments plus ozone therapy system. Basic autohemotherapy was used. One hundred milliliter venous blood was drawn from each patient, and was mixed with 100 ml （35 pg/ml） medical ozone and then was returned the blood to the patient intravenously, once every other day for 20 days. Only the basic treatments were given to the control group. PRA, All, ALD, renal blood flow and damage to renal function of the two groups before treatment and 20 days after treatment were compared. Survival rates were also compared. Results Twenty days after the treatment, in ozone therapy group, PRA was （1.31±0.12） ng.m^-1.h^1, All （111.25±17.35） pg/ml, ALD （251.31±22.60） pg/ml, which decreased significantly compared with those before treatment （PRA （2.23±0.13） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （155.18±19.13） pg/ml, ALD （405.31±29.88） pg/ml, t=4.67-14.23, P 〈0.01 ）, also lower than those of control group 20 days after the treatment （PRA （2.02±0.11） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （162.21±15.32） pg/ml, ALD （401.20±35.02） pg/ml, t=4.97-15.61, P 〈0.01）; renal blood flow was （175.15±28.20） ml/min, which increased compared with that before the treatment （（125.68±21.25） ml/min） and was higher than that of control group 20 days after the treatment （（128.59±23.15） ml/min, t=4.78, 4.61, P 〈0.01）. Renal damage occurred in 2 cases （5%） in ozone therapy group, less than that in control group （9 cases, 21%） （X^2=5.295, P 〈0.05）. Thirty-three cases （77%） in ozone therapy group vs. 16 cases （38%） in control group survived （X^2=12.993, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusions Basic treatment plus medical ozone therapy for patients with chronic severe hepatitis could decrease PRA, All and ALD levels significantly increase renal blood flow, prevent renal damage to certain extent and improve survival rate of the patients.     

Comparison of result judgment algorithm of test for interfering factors in the bacterial endotoxins test among Chinese, Japanese, European, American, and Indian pharmacopeias

Background The bacterial endotoxins test （BET） is a method used to detect or quantify endotoxins （lipo-polysaccharide,LPS） and is widely used in the quality control of parenteral medicines/vaccines and clinical dialysis fluid.It is also used in the diagnosis of endotoxemia and in detection of environment air quality control.Although BET has been adopted by most pharmacopoeias,result judgment algorithms （RJAs） of the test for interfering factors in the BET still differ between certain pharmacopoeias.We have evaluated RJAs of the test for interfering factors for the revision of BET described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 （CHP2010）.Methods Original data from 1 748 samples were judged by RJAs of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 2011 （JP2011）,the European Pharmacopoeia 7.0 （EP7.0）,the United States Pharmacopoeia 36 （USP36）,and the Indian Pharmacopoeia 2010 （IP2010）,respectively.A SAS software package was used in the statistical analysis.Results The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 had no significant difference （P=-0.7740）.The results using CHP2010 of 1 748 samples showed that 132 samples （7.6%） required an additional step; nevertheless there was no such requirement when using the other pharmacopeias.The kappa value of two RJAs （CHP2010 and EP7.0） was 0.6900 （0.6297-0.7504） indicating that the CHP2010 and other pharmacopoeias have good consistency.Conclusions The results using CHP2010 and USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 have different characteristics.CHP2010 method shows a good performance in Specificity,mistake diagnostic rate,agreement rate,predictive value for suspicious rate,and predictive value for passed rate.The CHP2010 method only had disadvantages in sensitivity compared with other pharmacopeias.We suggest that the Chinese pharmacopoeia interference test be revised in accordance with the USP36,JP2011,EP7.0,and IP2010 judgment model.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

社区老年人原发性高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病4种慢性病相关因素分析

原发性高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病在老年慢性病中占有重要地位，以上4种疾病有许多共同的危险因素，为了更有效的了解、控制这些危险因素，并实施有效的干预措施，我们对社区老年健康档案资料进行了调查，并对这4种疾病的危险因素进行了分析，现报道如下。     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

Data analysis of 36 cases with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas for their clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment

Background Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm （IPMN） is a rare pancreatic cystic neoplasm,accounting for 1％ of all exocrine pancreatic neoplasms.This study aimed to summarize the clinicopathological and biological behaviors,as well as the experience in diagnosis and treatment of IPMN.Methods Clinicopathological data were collected from 36 cases with IPMN who were treated in Department of General Surgery,Peking University Third Hospital from May 2001 to July 2011.Results The 36 cases of IPMN patients included 27 males and 9 females （M∶F=3∶1）.The age of patients ranged from 52 to 78 years,with an average of 67.3 years.Regarding tumor location,20 tumors were located in pancreatic head,3 in pancreatic neck,10 in pancreatic body and tail,and 3 in the whole pancreas.All the 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,with 13 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy,3 cases of middle pancreatectomy,7 cases of tumor resection plus pancreaticojejunostomy,3 cases of distal pancreatectomy,7 cases of distal pancreatectomy plus spleen resection,and 3 cases of total pancreaticoduodenectomy.Of the 36 patients,9 patients underwent the operations under laparoscopy.The 36 cases included main duct type （14 cases,38.9％）,branch duct type （10 cases,27.7％）,and mixed duct type （12 cases,33.3％）.Pathologically,of the 36 cases,there were 7 IPMN adenomas,11 borderline IPMNs,6 IPMN with carcinomas in situ,and 12 IPMNs with invasive carcinomas.All the 36 cases were followed up.During an average of 42 months follow-up period （26-129 months）,no recurrence occurred.Conclusions IPMN,which primarily occurs in male,is a low-grade malignancy which may involve any part of the pancreas,with specific clinicopathological features.IPMN is a different malignancy type from pancreatic ductal carcinoma.Imaging and laboratory examination are helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.The prediction of invasive IPMN is still difficult.Surgical resection is recommended as the first choice of treatment.Aggressive and proper o     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor，EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始，转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平，改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认，EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段，但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度，     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

Interpretation of illness in patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai and their associations with life satisfaction,escape from illness,and ability to reflect the implications of illness

The aim of this study is to analyze how patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai interpret their disease, and how these interpretations influence patients＇ life satisfaction, intention to escape from their illness and their ability to reflect on the implications of their illness. METHODS： A cross-sectional study enrolling 142 patients （mean age （50 ±16） years; 63% men, 37% women） with chronic diseases （60% cancer） was recruited in the Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China and surveyed using standardized questionnaires. RESULTS： Patients with chronic diseases from Shanghai interpreted their illness mostly as an Adverse Interruption of Life （55%）, as a Threat/Enemy （50%）, but also as a Challenge （49%）, and only rarely as a Call for Help （18%） or as a Punishment （13%）. Particularly fatalistic negative （i.e., Threat/Enemy, Adverse Interruption of Life） and strategy-associated disease interpretations （i.e., Relieving Break, Call for Help） were moderately associated with patients＇ intention to escape from illness. In contrast, positive interpretations （i.e., something of Value, Challenge） and also the guilt-associated negative interpretation Failure were moderately related with patients＇ ability to reflect on their illness. However, life satisfaction was weakly associated only with the view that illness might be a Challenge. Interestingly, 58% of those who would see their illness as an Adverse Interruption （AI＋） could see it also as a Challenge （Ch＋）. Detailed analyses showed that AI＋Ch＋ patients differ from their AI＋Chcounterparts significantly with respect to their ability to reflect life and implications of illness （F=9.1 ; P=-0.004）.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.