乙炔基封端氢化超支化聚碳硅烷的合成、表征及性能

以氯甲基三氯硅烷（Cl₃SiCH₂Cl）和乙炔基溴化镁（HC≡CMgBr）为原料,经过Grignard偶合反应和还原反应制备得到乙炔基封端的氢化超支化聚碳硅烷（EHBP）。通过红外光谱、核磁共振（碳谱、氢谱、硅谱）、差示扫描量热、流变分析和热重分析等方法研究了EHBP聚合物的结构、固化行为以及热性能;采用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和高倍透射电镜分析了EHBP聚合物的陶瓷化过程。结果表明,在分子链末端引入Si-H和乙炔基,使EHBP聚合物具有优良的耐热性和耐热氧化性。氮气氛围下EHBP失重5%时的温度（T_d5）为578.8℃,1 000℃时的质量保留率为82.3%;空气氛围下T_d5为549.6℃,1 000℃时的质量保留率为69.2%。1 600℃下EHBP的裂解产物中存在α-SiC和β-SiC晶体,结晶完善,晶粒分布均匀,晶粒尺寸为15~20 nm。     

新型含锆硅炔陶瓷材料的制备与性能

以甲基氢二氯硅烷（MeHSiCl₂）、正丁基锂（n-BuLi）、三氯乙烯（HClCC=Cl₂）与四氢铝锂（LiAlH₄）为原料制备主链含H-Si-C≡C的硅炔聚合物（HS）,将硅源与锆源（HG）进行共混,制备了一种新型复合陶瓷前驱体（GP）。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）对HS结构进行表征;利用FT-IR、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）与热失重分析（TGA）分别探讨GP固化行为及其耐热性能;通过X射线衍射（XRD）与激光显微拉曼光谱（Raman）等研究GP的陶瓷化性能。结果表明,GP具有优良的热稳定性能与陶瓷化性能,在1 600℃氩气气氛下保温3 h可得到ZrC-ZrO₂-SiC复相陶瓷,质量保留率达到75.64%。     

THIEC改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂泡沫的制备及其性能表征

以表面活性剂水溶液为液相介质、空气为气相介质,采用高速摄像机研究表面活性剂对二次雾化破裂性质的影响,重点阐述了破裂形变特征上的变化。研究结果表明:在形变特征方面,临界胶束浓度(CMC)对二次雾化袋状破裂形态有着重要影响,除了最大液滴直径形变率(d_f,m/d₀)基本不变,保持在1.64左右外,最大液环直径形变率(d_r,m/d₀)、最大轴向生长率(l_m/d₀)、最大径向生长率(h_m/d₀)和长宽比(l_m/h_m)等在表面活性剂质量分数小于CMC时均变化迅速,但在表面活性剂质量分数大于CMC后变化趋于平缓,d_r,m/d₀稳定在4.16左右,l_m/d₀稳定在6.36左右,l_m/h_m稳定在1.53左右。     

中空碳化硅微球的制备及其在催化NaBH4制氢中的应用

首先利用酵母菌为模板合成空心的椭球状二氧化硅,以它为硅源和模板,将作为碳源的酚醛树脂包覆在二氧化硅表面,经过碳热还原反应制备出中空碳化硅微球。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸脱附(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)等测试手段对产物进行组分、形貌和结构表征,同时考察了反应温度、碳与硅物质的量之比(n_C/n_Si)对产物比表面积的影响,并对产物形成机理进行了探讨。然后以SiC作载体制备了Ru/SiC催化剂,实验表明该催化剂用于硼氢化钠水解制氢反应时具有较好的催化活性,最大产氢速率可达2 280 mL/(g·min)。     

原位合成四氧化三锰处理模拟核电厂含Co2+放射性废水

在硼酸体系中,以⁵⁹Co作为模拟非放射性同位素研究了原位合成四氧化三锰处理模拟核电厂放射性废水中Co²⁺的工艺条件。考察了反应时间、n(Mn²⁺):n(Co²⁺)、空气流量、反应温度以及pH对出水Co²⁺质量浓度的影响,并由正交试验L₉(4³)优化工艺条件。研究表明:在废水Co²⁺初始质量浓度10mg/L,硼酸质量浓度(以B计)1000mg/L条件下,最佳工艺条件为反应时间105min、n(Mn²⁺):n(Co²⁺)=25:1、空气流量0.7L/min、反应温度65℃以及pH10.5,在此条件下出水Co²⁺质量浓度约为5.68ng/L,去除效率大于99.99%,产物经XRD分析证明沉渣为Mn₃O₄和CoMn₂O₄混合物。     

不对称树状聚两性电解质的合成及pH响应性自组装行为

通过发散法、开环聚合以及“点击化学”等方法合成了树状聚两性电解质聚（L-赖氨酸）-聚酰胺-胺-聚（L-谷氨酸）[（PLL）₄-D2-b-D1-（PLGA）₂],其中,D1和D2分别代表第1代和第2代聚酰胺-胺。通过氢核磁共振波谱（¹H-NMR）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对产物的分子结构、相对分子质量及其分布进行了表征;结合电位电导滴定、¹H-NMR、Zeta电位测定、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和动态光散射（DLS）等表征方法研究了（PLL）₄-D2-b-D1-（PLGA）₂溶液的pH响应性自组装行为。研究结果表明,（PLL）₄-D2-b-D1-（PLGA）₂具有pH响应性多重胶束化行为,在酸性条件下形成PLL为壳、PLGA为核的聚集体,而在碱性条件下形成PLGA为壳、PLL为核的聚集体,同时伴随着PLGA和PLL链段从无规线团到α-螺旋构象的转变。随着溶液pH的增加,自组装聚集体由球形胶束向棒状胶束再向纺锤形胶束转变,并在高pH下二次自组装形成松叶状分形结构。     

钛改性硅胶负载Cr-Mo复合乙烯聚合Phillips催化剂

Phillips催化剂(CrO_x/SiO₂)是一种重要的高密度聚乙烯工业催化剂。以钛改性硅胶作载体,制备钛改性铬钼复合Phillips催化剂(CrMo/TiSi),并考察其对乙烯聚合的催化性能。对比铬钼复合催化剂(CrMo/Si),运用程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算等方法考察钛改性对铬钼双金属相互作用的影响。乙烯聚合活性和产品性能表征结果表明,钛改性后催化剂活性提高,聚乙烯分子量增大,分子量分布变宽。乙烯/1-己烯共聚产物的高温凝胶渗透色谱、高温¹³C-NMR、升温淋洗分级和连续自成核退火热分级(TREF+SSA)结果表明,钛改性复合催化剂有利于1-己烯插入,产物中高分子量部分支链含量减少。     

基于壁温信号EMD解析的气固流化床结片预警

气固流化床反应器在生产中易产生结片或结块,严重影响反应器的安全稳定运行。对气固流化床中的壁温信号进行经验模态分解(EMD),发现其高频本征模函数IMF1及IMF2在有结片产生时显著增大,其能量的滑动平均值(E_m)能有效地指示初始结片的产生。运用主元分析(PCA)方法处理不同样本的E_m值,得到结片检测统计量(T²)及结片控制上限(UCL),并进一步提出了判断结片产生的E检测法:当T²T²≥UCL时,流化床内有结片产生。工业应用结果表明,与传统的壁温波动判别法和铯源结块探测法相比,E检测法能提前预警结片。     

［Ln(Phen)2 (5-Fu)3 (NO3)］(NO3)2的体外抗艾滋病毒活性

目的： 研究稀土配合物体外抗艾滋病毒作用。方法： 用7种稀土配合物［Ln(Phen)₂ (5-Fu)₃ (NO₃)］(NO₃)₂作为测试对象,Ln为稀土元素Y,La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Dy,Er,Phen为邻二氮菲,5-Fu为5-氟尿嘧啶。用MTT方法测定它们对C8166细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀0);用合胞体形成抑制实验测定它们对H9/HIV-1_IIIB感染细胞合胞体的半数效应浓度(EC₅₀)。以IC₅₀/EC₅₀计算配合物的治疗指数(TI),测试结果与抗艾滋病药物齐夫多定(AZT)作阳性对照。结果： 镧(La)配合物的TI为68.03,铈(Ce)配合物的TI为33.1。结论： 镧、铈配合物有一定的体外抗艾滋病毒活性。     

Li2SiO3:Eu3+红色荧光粉的制备与发光性能

以LiOH·H₂O、Si（OC₂H₅）₄和Eu（NO₃）₃·6 H₂O为主要原料,采用简单的机械球磨法,在室温下合成了Li₂SiO₃：Eu³⁺荧光粉前驱体,再经高温灼烧,得到一系列Li₂SiO₃：x% Eu³⁺红色荧光粉。研究了灼烧温度、保温时间及Eu³⁺的物质的量浓度对产物的结构和发光性能的影响。结果表明,当x在1.5~15这个较宽的范围内,随着Eu³⁺物质的量的增加,Li₂SiO₃：x% Eu³⁺荧光粉的物相组成保持不变,且直到x值达到12之后,才出现了浓度淬灭现象;当灼烧温度为1 173 K、保温时间为2 h时,荧光材料的发光强度达到最大值。在467 nm激发下,基于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂（615 nm）跃迁,Li₂SiO₃：Eu³⁺荧光粉发射出强烈的红光。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…