冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变治疗后远期心脏磁共振右心室心肌应变的初步分析

目的 旨在探讨心脏磁共振（cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR）心肌应变（myocardial strain,MS）用于定量分析冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion,CTO）患者临床治疗后随访复查右心室（right ventricle,RV）的功能情况。方法 纳入于我院确诊为CTO、并于治疗前后两次均完成CMR扫描病人13例,复查时间范围259~1168天。采用CVI 42软件测量左右心室结构功能参数及RV MS参数,比较CMR复查前后各参数差异性。结果1、就左心室结构功能参数而言,CTO患者治疗前后数据均无明显统计学差异（P均＞0.05）。2、就右心室参数而言,RVEDV、RVESV较复查前明显增大（分别为144.52±25.14 vs 118.46±28.08 mL,P=0.02;71.51±14.59 vs 55.62±15.93 mL,P=0.014）,RVEF等及各应变、应变率均无明显统计学差异。结论CTO患者在经治疗随访500.08±228.34天后,RVEF及MS保持稳定,但可观察到RVEDV、RVESV增大改变。     

Distinct properties and metabolic mechanisms of postresuscitation myocardial injuries in ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest versus asphyxiation cardiac arrest in a porcine model

Background The two most prevalent causes of sudden cardiac death are ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest （VFCA） and asphyxiation cardiac arrest （ACA）. Profound postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been demonstrated in both VFCA and ACA animal models. Our study aimed to characterize the two porcine models of cardiac arrest and postresuscitation myocardial metabolism dysfunction. Methods Thirty-two pigs were randomized into two groups. The VFCA group （n=16） were subject to programmed electrical stimulation and the ACA group （n=16） underwent endotracheal tube clamping to induce cardiac arrest （CA）. Once induced, CA remained untreated for a period of 8 minutes. Two minutes following initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR）, defibrillation was attempted until return of spontaneous circulation （ROSC） was achieved or animals died. To assess myocardial metabolism, 18F-FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography was performed at baseline and 4 hours after ROSC. Results ROSC was 100% successful in VFCA and 50% successful in ACA. VFCA had better mean arterial pressure and cardiac output after ROSC than ACA. Arterial blood gas analysis indicated more detrimental metabolic disturbances in ACA compared with VFCA after ROSC （ROSC 0.5 hours, pH： 7.01±0.06 vs. 7.21±0.03, P〈0.01; HCO3： （15.83±2.31 vs. 20.11±1.83） mmol/L, P〈0.01; lactate： （16.22±1.76 vs. 5.84±1.44） mmol/L, P〈0.01）. Myocardial metabolism imaging using Positron Emission Tomography demonstrated that myocardial injuries after ACA were more severe and widespread than after VFCA at 4 hours after ROSC （the maximum standardized uptake value of the whole left ventricular： 1.00±0.17 vs. 1.93±0.27, P〈0.01）. Lower contents of myocardial energy metabolism enzymes （Na＊-K＊-ATPase enzyme activity, Ca2＊- ATPase enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase and phosphodiesterase） were found in ACA relative to VFCA. Conclusions Compared with VFCA, ACA causes more severe myocardium injury an     

心脏瓣膜术联合冠状动脉旁路移植对心脏瓣膜病患者心肌损伤的影响*

目的?探讨心脏瓣膜术联合冠状动脉旁路移植对心脏瓣膜病患者心肌损伤的影响。方法?选取2017年10月—2018年10月在新乡医学院第一附属医院治疗的心脏瓣膜病患者72例,依据入院时间单双数分为对照组和研究组。对照组进行心脏瓣膜术联合冠状动脉旁路移植非同期手术治疗;研究组进行心脏瓣膜术联合冠状动脉旁路移植同期手术治疗。比较两组心肌损伤指标水平、术后相关指标、不良事件发生状况及术后心功能指标水平。结果?两组T0、T1、T2时的心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、血清肌酸激酶同功酶MB（CK-MB）及N末端B型脑钠肽（NT-proBNP）在不同时间、不同组间及变化趋势上有差异（P?<0.05）。两组体外循环前cTnI、CK-MB、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）;血运重建后cTnI、CK-MB水平均持续升高,研究组低于对照组;同时两组T0、T1时的NT-proBNP水平无变化,研究组T2时的NT-proBNP水平低于对照组（P?<0.05）。两组呼吸机应用时间、重症加强护理病房监护时间及住院时间与比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,研究组较对照组少。两组不良事件总发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,研究组较对照组低。两组术前心功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。两组术后左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期前后径、左心室收缩末期前后径及心胸比等心功能指标比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）,研究组受损程度低于对照组。结论?心脏瓣膜术联合冠状动脉旁路移植是心脏瓣膜病患者治疗的有效方式。2种术式同期进行,有利于降低对患者心肌损伤的影响。术前积极改善患者心肺功能能够加强心肌保护,缩短心肌缺血时间,避免术后感染,有利于降低不良事件的发生概率,提升患者心功能指标水平,对促进患者康复有重要意义。     

Impact of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention on outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background  Cardiac arrest is one of the most serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially in the out-of-hospital patients. There is no general consensus as to whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective in treating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In our study, we evaluated the efficacy of PCI in treating STEMI patients complicated by OHCA through observing their clinical conditions in hospital; including total mortality, adverse cardiac events, stroke, acute renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding events.

Methods  A total of 1827 STEMI patients were enrolled in this study, where 81 were STEMI with OHCA. Between the patients with and without OHCA, and the OHCA patients with and without PCI, we compared the clinical characteristics during hospitalization, including total mortality and incidences of adverse cardiac events, and stroke.

Results  Compared to the patients without OHCA, the OHCA patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (P <0.05) and a faster heart rate (P <0.05), and a higher percentage of Killip class IV or Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤7 on admission (P <0.001). And the in-hospital mortality was higher in the OHCA patients (55.6% vs. 2.4%, P <0.001). Comparing the OHCA patients without PCI to the patients with PCI, there was no obvious difference of heart rate, blood pressure or the percentage of Killip class IV and GCS ≤7 on admission, but the incidences of cardiogenic shock, stroke were significantly lower in the with-PCI group during hospitalization (P <0.001, P <0.05). And the in-hospital mortality of the OHCA patients receiving PCI was significantly lower (36.7% vs. 84.3%, P <0.001).

Conclusions  During hospitalization, the incidence of adverse events and mortality are higher in the STEMI with OHCA patients, comparing with the STEMI without OHCA. Emergency PCI reduces the incidence of adverse events and decreases mortality during hospitalization, which is effective for treating STEMI with OHCA patients.

     

Establishment and evaluation of a swine model of acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion–ventricular fibrillation–cardiac arrest using the interventional technique

BackgroundVentricular fibrillation is the main cause of sudden cardiac death among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Substantial benefits could be obtained by both researchers and practitioners if an AMI reperfusion-ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest model were established.MethodsTwenty swine were anesthetized and underwent occlusion of the left anterior descending branch for 90 minutes prior to blood reperfusion. Throughout this process, continuous 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) was used to monitor heart rate, rhythm, and electrocardiogram alteration. Thereafter, AMI was confirmed by ECG and left ventricular angiography. Heart tissue was collected for pathological analysis, and for evaluation of the establishment of a model of AMI reperfusion.ResultsSeven swine died during the model establishment, and the 13 surviving swine were proven to have myocardial infarction; nine of those survivors had ventricular fibrillation–cardiac arrest after reperfusion based on the electrocardiograph and pathological examination.ConclusionBlocking the left anterior descending branch by inflation of an over-the-wire coronary balloon catheter in swine can result in successful establishment of a swine model of AMI and reperfusion–ventricular fibrillation–cardiac arrest, with good reproducibility and a high survival rate.     

右冠状动脉缺血预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探索右冠状动脉缺血预处理、后处理对兔的心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：将30只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组(n=7)、缺血再灌注损伤组(n=8)、右冠状动脉缺血预处理组(n=8)、右冠状动脉缺血后处理组(n=7),分别抽取术前、术后1及6 h的静脉血,测肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白T,计算心肌梗死面积。结果：与缺血再灌注损伤组比较,右冠状动脉缺血预处理组、右冠状动脉缺血后处理组肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白T浓度在术后1和6 h明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);心肌梗死面积明显缩小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论：在新西兰大白兔的心肌缺血再灌注心肌梗死模型中,右冠状动脉缺血预处理、右冠状动脉缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用。     

1例左冠状动脉发自右冠状动脉畸形合并亚急性心肌梗死病例的处理(英文)

冠脉发育畸形在行经皮冠脉血管成形术患者中约占1.3%,大多为偶然发现,并无较多临床意义。但走行与主动脉、肺动脉间的冠状动脉发育畸形可引起晕厥、心绞痛、心律失常及心性猝死。左、右冠状动脉共干鲜有文献报道,发生率约为人群的0.024-0.044%。左冠状动脉发自右冠并分出前降支(LAD)及回旋支(LCX),是一种少见的冠状动脉发育畸形。此种发育畸形患者前降支往往发育细小,右冠状动脉发育粗大、优势。本文报道1例罹患此种畸形同时合并亚急性心肌梗死病例,冠脉造影及CT血管成像证实左冠状动脉发自右冠状动脉近端,左主干长,走行于左室前壁后分为LAD及LCX,其LAD发育小并走行于前室间沟,RCA发育优势,供应左室下、后壁及部分侧壁。虽然该患者成功进行择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并于其RCA近端置入药物支架,但此种病例应视为左主干病变,介入操作治疗中应谨慎、细心。     

Acute myocardial infarction after capecitabine treatment: not always vasospasm is responsible

Capecitabine is an orally available chemotherapeutic agent that is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after absorbtion. Capecitabine and its active metabolite, 5-FU, have cardiotoxic effects with reported instances of acute coronary syndromes caused due to coronary vasospasm. However, these agents exert toxic effects on cardiovascular system and beyond vasospasm provacation. We report a 46-year-old patient diagnosed as acute inferior infarction who is treated with capecitabine for 3 months due to metastatic breast carcinoma, in whom thrombotic coronary occlusion was observed in angiography. This case demonstrates that apart from vasospasm, coronary thrombosis could be observed after capecitabine treatment, with a possible direct effect of this drug.

     

Hypothermia ameliorates gastrointestinal ischemic injury sustained in a porcine cardiac arrest model

Background  During cardiac arrest, the gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to ischemia. Protection of the gastrointestinal tract is a critical factor in determining prognosis following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study seeks to determine the extent of gastrointestinal tract injury and the potential protective effect of inducing hypothermia following a porcine cardiac arrest model and CPR.

Methods  Ventricular fibrillation was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in 16 male domestic pigs (n=8 per group). Four minutes after ventricular fibrillation, CPR was performed. Pigs that successfully restored spontaneous circulation then received intravenous infusions of saline at either 4°C or room temperature to produce hypothermic and control conditions respectively. Serum diamine oxidase and gastrointestinal adenosine triphosphate enzyme activity were determined and histopathology of the gastrointestinal tract was performed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.

Results  Significant injury of the gastrointestinal tract after CPR was found. Na⁺-K⁺ and Ca²⁺ adenosine triphosphate enzyme activity in the gastric tissue were significantly high in animals receiving hypothermia treatment compared to controls. Hypothermia also significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase after CPR compared to the control group. Moreover, severe injury sustained by the gastrointestinal tissue was significantly ameliorated under hypothermic conditions compared to controls.

Conclusions  Gastrointestinal injury and abnormal energy metabolism are strikingly evident following CPR. Hypothermia, which is induced by an infusion of 4°C saline, can rapidly reduce internal body temperature, improve energy metabolism, and ameliorate injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa after CPR.

     

Assessment of right ventricular function by pressure-volume loops in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

Background Right ventricular function plays an important role in the hemodynamic derangement during off-pump coronary artery bypass （OPCAB） surgery. Pressure-volume loops have been shown to provide load-independent information of cardiac function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of construction of right ventricular pressure-volume loops with pressure and volume data measured by a volumetric pulmonary artery catheter （PAC） and to evaluate right ventricular systolic and diastolic function by end-systolic elastance （EEs） and end-diastolic stiffness （EED） in OPCAB surgery.
Methods Twenty-eight patients who underwent OPCAB surgery were included. After anesthesia induction, a volumetric PAC was placed via the right internal jugular vein. Data were recorded at： anesthesia steady-state before skin incision （T1）; 5 minutes after the stabilizer device was placed for anastomosis on the heart＇s anterior wall （T2）, lateral wall （T3）, posterior wall （T4）, respectively; after sternal closure （T5）. Three sets of data were collected at each time point： first, hemodynamic variables were measured; second, right ventricular EEs and EED were calculated; third, right ventricular pressure-volume loops were constructed with pressure and volume data measured from end-diastole point, end-isovolumic systole point, peak-ejection point, end-systole point and end-isovolumic diastole point.
Results Right ventricular pressure-volume loops generally shifted to the left during OPCAB surgery. Especially, the end-diastolic point shifted upward and to the left at T2--T5 compared with that at T1. Decrease in right ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume index and end-diastolic volume index occurred （P 〈0.05） at T4 compared with values at TI. Pulmonary vascular resistance index at T4 increased relatively compared with that at T2 and T3. The change of EEs was not statistically significant during operation. Right atrial pressure increased only during coronary an     

左侧冠状动脉起源于肺动脉患者心脏骤停成功救治1例

为增强对左侧冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的认识,报告1例该病的病例资料。该例成年患者在运动中发生心脏 骤停,心肺脑复苏成功后行心电图、心脏彩超、心脏冠状动脉计算机体层摄影及选择性冠状动脉造影检查后证实为 左侧冠状动脉起源于肺动脉。该患者被转至胸外科行外科手术,术中术者直接将异常起源肺动脉的左冠状动脉移植 到主动脉根部上,并重建肺动脉瓣窦和肺动脉。手术治疗取得成功。     

一过性冠状动脉痉挛时缺血修饰清蛋白水平的探讨

目的探讨缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)水平在一过性冠状动脉痉挛时是否会升高。方法血液样本为末梢动脉血,在患者接受操作前采一次血,在程序完成前或球囊膨胀后立即再采一次血。评价冠状动脉内麦角新碱马来酸盐激发痉挛试验的患者的IMA(n=36)水平;同时评价随机抽取的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者(n=17)和常规冠状动脉造影患者(n=11)的IMA水平。结果比起基准值,接受冠状动脉内麦角新碱马来酸盐激发试验阳性患者体内的IMA水平显著升高(P<0.000 1),而未接受激发试验的患者体内IMA水平没有改变(P=0.108)。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的患者体内清蛋白水平也升高了(P<0.000 1),常规冠状动脉造影患者的IMA水平没有变化(P=0.085)。激发试验后,发现在接受操作患者特征曲线的0.975置信区域内,当IMA升高大于9U/mL时可发现冠状动脉的痉挛存在,其灵敏度94%,特异性99%。所有患者的血清清蛋白水平都在正常参考值范围内,清蛋白、IMA的正常值、缺血后的IMA,三者之间没有明显关系。结论 IMA可以作为冠状动脉痉挛诱发的一过性心肌缺血的血清标志物。     

经右上肢同次完成冠状动脉造影及右心导管检查的可行性

目的探讨经右前臂同次行冠状动脉造影及右心导管检查的可行性.方法对40例在我科就诊经右桡动脉行冠状动脉造影及左室造影后疑诊肺动脉高压患者,随机分为两组,治疗组经右上肢静脉行标准右心导管检查,对照组经股静脉行标准右心导管检查,其中治疗组20例经上肢静脉穿刺失败改为股静脉穿刺.结果两组穿刺成功率、进鞘管及导管成功率、静脉闭塞率及右心导管的数值等均无统计差异(P>0.05),治疗组消毒-穿刺时间(5.3±2.6)min、止血时间(5.5±3.2)min、术后卧床休息时间(1.0±1.6)h、并发症、术后住院时间(1.2±2.7)d及患者满意度均优于对照组(P<0.01).结论经右上肢同次完成冠状动脉造影及右心导管简便、安全可行,可作为冠脉造影后行右心导管的检查路径.     

急性心肌梗死心肺复苏后尿激酶溶栓荟萃分析

目的分析急性心肌梗死并发心脏骤停心肺复苏后尿激酶溶栓的疗效和安全性。方法在维普中文科技期刊全文数据库巾，检索有关AMI并发CA在CPR后尿激酶静脉溶栓的临床对照研究文献（1991～2006年），汇总分析溶栓与否对并发CA的AMI患者的影响．并比较CPR后溶栓与普通溶栓（未发生CA）之间在疗效和安全性方面的差异。结果共有10篇文献人选。CPR后尿激酶静脉溶栓的冠脉再通率明显高于普通溶栓（81．7％VS64.3％，P〈0．005），其出血发生率与普通溶栓类似。与未溶栓相比．尿激酶溶栓能显著提高AMI并发CA患者的存活出院率（70．1％VS26．9％，P〈0．005）。结论AMI心肺复苏术后尿激酶溶栓疗效显著且相对安全。     

冠心病心功能改变的核素心血池显像研究

应用核素心血池显像对５５例冠心病患者（其中心肌梗塞２３例，心绞痛３２例）和３３例正常人左心功能进行检测。结果表明：心肌梗塞的左室收缩和舒张功能均受损，心绞痛的左室舒张功能受损，收缩功能正常。舒张功能受损表现为左室舒张早期快速充盈量减少和舒张晚期左房代偿性收缩增强。结果提示：冠心病舒张功能受损发生在收缩功能异常之前。     

急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室不同范围梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对脑利钠肽水平及预后的影响

目的探讨急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室下壁、前壁梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平及预后的影响。方法急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室下壁、前壁梗死患者175例,分为急性右心室梗死并左心室下壁梗死组和急性右心室梗死并左心室前壁梗死组。分别比较两组患者PCI治疗前血浆BNP水平、心肌酶、血流动力学及冠状动脉病变特点;比较直接和延迟PCI治疗前后血浆BNP水平变化的意义及对预后的影响。结果急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室前壁梗死组PCI治疗前血浆BNP水平、肌酸激酶(CK)峰值及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、肺动脉收缩压、梗死相关冠状动脉狭窄程度及2支病变发生率均高于急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室下壁梗死组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。直接和延迟PCI治疗后均能使血浆BNP水平较术前下降(P<0.05),但直接PCI治疗术后血浆BNP水平明显低于延迟PCI治疗术后的血浆BNP水平(P<0.05)。未行PCI治疗的死亡发生率明显高于行直接PCI及延迟PCI治疗的患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急性右心室心肌梗死并左心室前壁梗死血浆BNP水平高,梗死相关冠状动脉病变严重;直接PCI治疗后血浆BNP浓度下降显著,未行PCI治疗的患者死亡率高。     

不停跳急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术18例临床分析

目的 分析接受急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术(ECABG)患者的临床特征,总结手术特点.方法 以2007年1月～2008年6月接受ECABG的18例患者作为研究对象(ECABG组),其中急性心肌梗死12例,难以纠治的不稳定心绞痛4例,介入治疗失败后手术2例.回顾分析患者术前、术中及术后的临床资料,总结手术特点.以124例同时间段的择期手术患者作为对照组.结果 术前ECABG组患者心功能(NYHA分级、心排量和中心静脉压)较差,心肌梗死患者比例较高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).所有ECABG手术均在不停跳状态下完成,从发病到完成第一支血管再血管化时间为(7.5±1.7) h;两组的手术时间及吻合口数量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).与对照组比较,ECABG组安置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)管道、改行体外并行循环、术后机械辅助通气时间>24 h和ICU留置时间>3 d的患者百分率及死亡率(22.2% vs 3.2%)均明显增加(P<0.05);IABP辅助时间显著延长(P<0.05).结论 ECABG可采用不停跳技术,但死亡率仍较择期手术高,可能与患者术前心功能较差及合并急性心肌梗死有关.     

冠状动脉造影评价ST↑Ⅲ＞Ⅱ与STV4R↑诊断右心室心肌梗死的价值

目的 以冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography，CAG）显示右冠状动脉（fight coronary artery。RCA）右室支近端闭塞作为右心室心肌梗死（fight ventricular myocardial infarction，RVMI）的诊断依据，评价心电图Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度大于Ⅱ导联（ST↑Ⅲ〉Ⅱ）与V4R导联ST段抬高（STV4R↑）的诊断价值。方法 选择发病12小时内入院的急性下壁MI患者158例，分别计数存在ST↑Ⅲ〉Ⅱ或STV4R↑的病例数。根据CAG结果判断RCA或LCX的闭塞部位，以RCA右室支近端闭塞作为RVMI的诊断依据，计算并比较ST↑Ⅲ〉Ⅱ与STV4R↑诊断RVMI的敏感性和特异性。结果 158例急性下壁MI患者中，CAG证实为RCA右室支近端闭塞即合并RVMI者159例，其余89例为RCA右室支远端或LCX闭塞。ST↑Ⅲ〉Ⅱ诊断RVMI的敏感性明显高于STV4R↑（98．6％vs66．7％，P〈0.01），而特异性前者明显低于后者（58．4％vs80．9％，P〈0．01）。当两种心电图指标并存（ST↑Ⅲ〉Ⅱ＋STV4R↑）时。其敏感性不低于STV4R↑（P〉0．05），而特异性高于两者单独存在（P〈0．05）。结论 以CAG结果为依据评价急性下壁MI时Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度大于Ⅱ导联与V4R导联ST段抬高诊断RVMI的价值具有较大临床意义，前者敏感性较高，后者特异性较高，两者并存时进一步提高诊断的准确性。     

徒手心肺复苏和机械辅助心肺复苏对呼吸心跳骤停患者心脑缺血性损伤的影响

探讨徒手心肺复苏（CPR）和机械辅助CPR对呼吸心跳骤停患者心脑缺血性损伤的影响。方法 选取2018年1月～2021年6月我院抢救的108例呼吸心跳骤停患者为研究对象,其中2018年1月～2019年10月采用徒手CPR的52例患者设为对照组,2019年11月～2021年6月采用机械辅助CPR的56例患者设为研究组,使用心肺复苏机替代徒手心脏按压。两组均建立高级气道进行机械通气。比较两组的CPR成功率及CPR持续时间。比较两组CPR成功患者在CPR 15 min和30 min的脑血流灌注、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）、血氧饱和度（SaO2）、血压、血乳酸水平。结果 研究组CPR成功率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,研究组CPR持续时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）。在CPR 15 min和30 min,研究组的平均脑血流速度、平均脑血流量均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组的PaO2和PETCO2高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组的收缩压和舒张压、SaO2均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组的血乳酸水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 与徒手CPR相比,机械辅助CPR的抢救成功率更高,可更快恢复脑血流灌注、改善低氧血症,减少心脑缺血性损伤。     

复杂先心病并冠状动脉畸形重建右室流出道方法的临床分析

目的总结分析23例复杂先心病合并畸形冠状动脉横跨右心室流出道重建右室流出道的方法。方法回顾性分析1999年10月～2011年10月期间合并冠状动脉畸形的法洛四联症（18例）和右室双出口（5例）患者的临床资料,其中6例右冠状动脉起源于左冠状动脉或前降支,13例左前降支起源于右冠状动脉,4例有异常粗大的圆锥动脉,均横跨右室流出道（近肺动脉瓣环处）。11例采用畸形冠状动脉上下右心室流出道双切口,5例采用畸形冠状动脉下右心室流出道切口,3例采用心外管道,4例采用肺动脉干与右心室直接吻合术。结果手术死亡3例,死亡率为13%,无远期死亡,手术死亡原因主要为低心排综合征。随访1～30个月,患者右室-肺动脉压差为（27.2±15.3）mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）。结论应仔细探查畸形冠状动脉的走行;根据右心室流出道狭窄程度和畸形冠状动脉走行特点选择手术方式。