Prospective multicenter randomized trial comparing physician versus patient transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has been identified as the first therapeutic option for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. The strategy of transferring patient to a PCI center was recently recommended for those with acute STEMI who were present to PCI incapable hospitals, which include lack of facilities or experienced operators. In China, some local hospitals have been equipped with PCI facilities, but they have no interventional physicians qualified for performing primary PCI. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the strategy of transferring physician to a PCI-equipped hospital to perform primary PCI for patients with acute STEMI. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four consecutive STEMI patients with symptom presentation 〈12 hours in five local hospitals from November 2005 to November 2007 were randomized to receive primary PCI by either physician transfer （physician transfer group, n=165） or patient transfer （patient transfer group, n=169） strategy. Door-to-balloon time, in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events （MACE, including death, non-fatal re-infarction, and target vessel revascularization） were compared between the two groups. Results Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction （TIMI） 3 flow was revealed in more patients in the physician transfer group at initial angiography （17.6% vs 10.1%, P〈0.05）. The success rate of primary PCI （96.3% vs 95.4%, P〉0.05） and length of hospital stay were similar between the two groups （（15±4） days vs （14±3） days, P〉0.05）. In the physician transfer group, door-to-balloon time was significantly shortened （（95±20） minutes vs （147±29） minutes, P〈0.0001） and more patients received primary PCI with door-to-balloon time less than 90 minutes （21.2% vs 7.7%, P〈0.001）. During hospitalization, MACE occurred in 6.7% and 11.2% of patients     

In-hospital delay to primary angioplasty for patients with ST- elevated myocardial infarction between cardiac specialized hospitals and non-specialized hospitals in Beijing, China

Background Evidence indicates that early reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） reduces complications. This study was undertaken to compare the in-hospital delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PPCI） for patients with STEMI between specialized hospitals and non-specialized hospitals in Beijing, China. Methods Two specialized hospitals and fifteen non-specialized hospitals capable of performing PPCI were selected to participate in this study. A total of 308 patients, within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms and undergoing PPCI between November 1, 2005 and December 31, 2006 were enrolled. Data were collected by structured interview and review of medical records.Results The median in-hospital delay was 98 （interquartile range 105 to 180） minutes, and 16.9% of the patients were treated within 90 minutes. Total in-hospital delay and ECG-to-treatment decision-making time were longer in the non-specialized hospitals than in the cardiac specialized hospitals （147 minutes vs. 120 minutes, P〈0.001; 55 minutes vs. 45 minutes, P=0.035）. After controlling the confounding factors, the non-specialized hospitals were independently associated with an increased risk of being in the upper median of in-hospital delays.Conclusions There were substantial in-hospital delays between arrival at the hospital and the administration of PPCI for patients with STEMI in Beijing. Patients admitted to the cardiac specialized hospitals had a shorter in-hospital delay than those to the non-specialized hospitals because of a shorter time of ECG-to-treatment decision-making.     

Thorombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Background Although thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （STEMI）, scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study. Methods This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients （age 〈70 years） with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset （mean interval 〉3 hours）. Patients were randomized to three groups： primary PCI group （n=101）; recombinant staphylokinase （r-Sak） group （n=-104）; and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rt-PA） group （n=-106）. For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery （IRA） patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade 〈2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients. Results After randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy （door-to-needle time）and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA （door to balloon time）. Rates of IRA patency （TIMI flow grade 2 or 3） and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure （70.5% vs. 98.0%, P 〈0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P 〈0.0001, respectively）. Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients （55.7%） in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group （88.9% vs. 97.9%, P=-0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P=0.0190, respectively）. At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group （7.1% vs. 0, P=0.0034）. Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group （10.0% vs. 1.0%, P=-0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P=-0.O001, respectively）. Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.     

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients aged over 75 years

Background The optimal reperfusion strategy in elderly patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, in-hospital and one-year clinical outcomes for patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）, compared with those treated by conservative approach. Methods One hundred and two patients 〉75 years of age with STEMI presented 〈12 hours were randomly allocated to primary PCI （n=50） or conservative therapy only （n=52）. The baseline characteristics, in-hospital outcome and major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, including death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization at one-year clinical follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results Age, gender distribution, risk factors for coronary artery disease, infarct site and clinical functional status were similar between the two groups, but the patients in primary PCI group received less low-molecular- weight heparin during hospitalization. Compared with conservative group, the patients in primary PCI group had significantly lower occurrence rate of re-infarction and death and shortened hospital stay. The composite endpoint for in-hospital survivals at 30-day follow-up was similar between the two groups, but one-year MACE rate was significantly lower in the primary PCI group （21.3% and 45.2%, P=0.029）. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not significantly changed in both groups during follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that primary PCI （OR=0.34, 95% CI： 0.21-0.69, P =0.03） improved MACE-free survival rate for STEMI patients aged 〉 75 years. Conclusion Our results indicated that primary PCI was safe and effective in reducing in-hospital mortality and one-year MACE rate for elderly patients with STEMI.     

Direct ambulance transport to catheterization laboratory reduces door-to-balloon time in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the DIRECT-STEMI study

Background  Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been clearly identified as the first therapeutic option for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The importance of reducing door-to-balloon (D2B) time has gained increased recognition. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the strategy of direct ambulance transportation of patients with acute STEMI to catheterization lab to receive primary PCI.

Methods  The study population included 141 consecutive patients with chest pain and ST-segment elevation who were admitted to the catheterization laboratory directly by the ambulance and underwent primary PCI (DIRECT group). Another 145 patients with STEMI randomly selected from the PCI database, were served as control group (conventional group); they were transported to catheterization laboratory from emergency room (ER). The primary endpoint of D2B time, and secondary endpoint of in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization) were compared.

Results  Baseline and procedural characteristics between the two groups were comparable, except more patients in the DIRECT group presented TIMI 0–1 flow in culprit vessel at initial angiogram (80.1% and 73.8%, P=0.04). Comparing to conventional group, the primary endpoint of D2B time was reduced ((54±18) minutes and (112±55) minutes, P <0.0001) and the percentage of patients with D2B <90 minutes was increased in the DIRECT group (96.9% and 27.0%, P <0.0001). The success rate of primary PCI with stent implantation with final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow was significantly higher in the DIRECT group (93.8% and 85.2%, P=0.03). Although no significant difference was found at 30-day MACE free survival rate between the two groups (95.0% and 89.0%, P=0.06), a trend in improving survival status in the DIRECT group was demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Conclusion  Direct ambulance transport of STEMI patients to the catheterization laboratory could significantly reduce D2B time and improve success rate of primary PCI and 30-day clinical outcomes.

     

Clinical outcomes of serolimus-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a meta-analysis

Background The benefits and safety of sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） have not been systematically quantified in different trials in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients with primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. A meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing SES and bare-metal stent （BMS） was performed. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all randomized clinical trials. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events （MACEs）. The secondary outcomes included death, recurrent myocardial infarction, recurrent revascularization, and stent thrombosis.
Results Totally, 1973 STEMI patients were enrolled in seven eligible randomized trials comparing SES with BMS. The pooled rate of major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group （9.7% vs 20.3%, OR 2.45, 95% Cl 1.88-3.19, P 〈 0.00001）. No significant difference in all causes of death was found between the SES and BMS groups, as well as in the pooled recurrent myocardial infarction rates. The pooled recurrent revascularization rate was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group （5.1% vs 14.8%, OR 3.30, 95%CI 2.37-4.60, P 〈 0.00001）. No significant difference was found between the pooled rates of stent thrombosis （1.2% in the SES group and 2.0% in the BMS group, OR 1.61, 95%CI 0.79-3.26, P = 0.19）.
Conclusions SES is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiac events compared with BMS by the greater reduction in repeat revascularization in STEMI patients. Larger trials with longer follow up are warranted to better define the role of SES in STEMI.     

Nine-month angiographic and two-year clinical follow-up of polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent versus durable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for coronary artery disease: the Nano randomized trial

Background First generation drug-eluting stents （DES） were associated with a high incidence of late stent thrombosis （ST）,mainly due to delayed healing and re-endothelization by the durable polymer coating.This study sought to assess the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions.Methods The Nano trial is the first randomized trial designed to compare the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free SES and Partner durable-polymer SES （Lepu Medical Technology,Beijing,China） in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary lesions.The primary endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss （LLL） at 9-month follow-up.The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events （MACE）,a composite of cardiac death,myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 291 patients （Nano group：n=143,Partner group：n=148） were enrolled in this trial from 19 Chinese centers.The Nano polymer-free SES was non-inferior to the Partner durable-polymer DES at the primary endpoint of 9 months （P 〈0.001）.The 9-month in-segment LLL of the polymer-free Nano SES was comparable to the Partner SES （0.34±0.42） mm vs.（0.30±0.48） mm,P=0.21）.The incidence of MACE in the Nano group were 7.6% compared to the Partner group of 5.9% （P=0.75） at 2 years follow-up.The frequency of cardiac death and stent thrombosis was low for both Nano and Partner SES （0.8% vs.0.7%,0.8% vs.1.5%,both P=1.00）.Conclusions In this multicenter randomized Nano trial,the Nano polymer-free SES showed similar safety and efficacy compared with the Partner SES in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions.Trials in patients with complex lesions and longer term follow-up are necessary to confirm the clinical performance of this novel Nano polymer-free SES.     

Firebird sirolimus eluting stent versus bare mental stent in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background There are few evidences about the value of drug eluting stent in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. We prospectively designed a randomized controlled trial to compare the safety and efficacy of Firebird sirolimus eluting stent （Firebird stent） and bare metal stent （BMS）. Methods Patients with STEMI enrolled during one year period were randomized to undergo implantation of Firebird stent or BMS, and clinical and angiographic follow-up. The primary endpoint of the present study was in-lesion late lumen loss （LLL） at 6 months, and secondary endpoint includes stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 6 months. Results During one year period, 156 patients were randomized into the Firebird stent group （101 patients with an average age of 57.8 years） or the BMS group （55 patients with 59.7 years on average）. Six-month angiographic follow-up was available in 66.3% and 63.7% of patients assigned to Firebird stent and BMS, respectively. At 6-month follow-up, mortality, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and MACE were 2.0%, 6.9% and 9.9% in the Firebird stent group, while 3.6%, 30.9% and 36.4% in the BMS group （P〈0.05）. Subacute thrombosis occurred in 1 patient in both groups, respectively. The mean LLL was 0.18 mm in the Firebird stent group versus 0.72 mm in the BMS group. Conclusion Implantation of Firebird sirolimus eluting stent for STEMI may greatly reduce TVR and MACE at 6 months with low incidence of acute/subacute stent thrombosis compared with BMS.     

Evaluation on the efficacy and safety of domestic bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Bivalirudin was widely used as an anticoagulant during coronary interventional procedure in western countries.However,it was not available in China before this clinical trial was designed.This randomized,single-blind and multicenter clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of domestic bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.Methods A randomized,single-blind,multicenter trial was designed.Elective PCI candidates in five centers were randomized into a bivalirudin group and a heparin group,which were treated with domestic bivalirudin and non-fractional heparin during the PCI procedure.The efficacy was evaluated by comparing the activated coagulation time （ACT）,the procedural success rate （residual stenosis ＜20％ in target lesions without any coronary artery related adverse events within 24 hours after PCI）,and the survival rate without major adverse cardiac events at 30 days after PCI between the two groups.Safety was evaluated by the major/minor bleeding rate.Results A total of 218 elective PCI patients were randomized into a bivalirudin group （n=110） and heparin group （n=108）.Except for two patients needing additional dosing in the heparin group,the ACT values of all other patients in both groups were longer than 225 seconds at 5 minutes after the first intravenous bolus.Procedural success rates were respectively 100.0％ and 98.2％ in the bivalirudin group and heparin group （P＞0.05）.Survival rates without major adverse cardiac events at 30 days after PCI were 100.0％ in the bivalirudin group and 98.2％ in the heparin group （P＞0.05）.Mild bleeding rates were 0.9％ and 6.9％ （P＜0.05） at 24 hours,and 1.9％ and 8.8％ （P＜0.05） at 30 days after PCI in the bivalirudin group and heparin group respectively.There was one severe gastrointestinal bleeding case in the heparin group.Conclusions Domestic bivalirudin is an effective and safe anticoagulant during elective PCI procedures.The efficacy is not inferior to heparin,but the safety is superior to heparin.     

Safety and feasibility of transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Transradial coronary intervention has been widely used because of its effects in lowering the incidence of complications in vascular access site and improving patient satisfaction compared to the femoral approach. This study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of transradial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 103 consecutive elderly patients Cage 〉65 years） who were diagnosed as having AMI were indicated for PCI. Among them, 57 patients received primary PCI via the transradial approach （transradial intervention, TRI group）, and 46 underwent primary PCI via the transfemoral approach （transfemoral intervention, TFI group）. The success rate of puncture, puncture time, cannulation time, repeffusion time, the total time for PCI, the success rate of PCI, the use rates of temporary pacemaker and intra-aortic balloon pump （IABP）, and the total length of hospital stay of the patients in the two groups were compared. After the procedure, vascular access site complications and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） in the two groups in one month were observed. Results The success rates of puncture （98.2% vs 100.0%） and PCI （96.5% vs 95.7%） for the patients in the TRI and TFI groups were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. The puncture time （（2.4±1.1） vs （2.0±0.9） minutes）, cannulation time （（2.7±0.5） vs （2.6±0.5） minutes）, reperfusion time （（16.2±4.5） vs （15.4±3.6） minutes）, total time of the procedure （（44.1±6.8） vs （41.2±5.7） minutes）, use rates of temporary pacemaker （1.8% vs 2.2%） and IABP （0 vs 2.2%） in the two groups were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）, but the hospital stay of the TFI group was longer than that of the TRI group （（10.1±4.6） vs （7.2±2..6） days, P〈0.01）. A radial occlusion was observed in the TRI group, but no ischemic syndrome in hand     

替罗非班对ST段抬高AMI患者PCI后心肌灌注及心肌损伤的影响

目的：观察使用替罗非班对ST段抬高心肌梗死患者（AMI）冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后心肌灌注及心肌损伤的影响。方法：首次因急性ST段抬高AMI行急诊PCI治疗的76例患者,随机分为对照组38例,试验组（替罗非班）38例。试验组于PCI术前开始给予盐酸替罗非班,观察对照组和试验组PCI术后15min校正的TIMI帧数计数（CTFC）和进行冠状动脉血流速度测定,并比较发病就诊时,PCI术后6h,12h的cTnT,CK-MB水平;记录住院期间主要心血管事件（MACE）发生率。结果：试验组CTFC和冠状动脉血流速度同对照组比较明显改善（P〈0.05）,两组患者术前cTnT和CK-MB水平相比无统计学差异,在术后6h及12h试验组cTnT和CK-MB水平均较对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）。试验组患者中发生1例顽固性心肌缺血;而对照组新发心肌梗死和顽固性心肌缺血各有1例。结论：在ST段抬高AMI行PCI治疗时应用替罗非班,可明显改善心肌再灌注,减少心肌损伤的发生,同时改善PCI术后患者MACE发生率。     

Improved outcomes from transradial over transfemoral access in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and upstream use of tirofiban

Background Transradial access has been increasingly used during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in last decade...     

盐酸替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗中的有效性及安全性探讨

目的：观察血小板糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）后的心肌灌注及安全性的影响。方法：选择急诊入院ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者62名,随机分为治疗组（盐酸替罗非班＋PCI）31例和对照组（PCI）31例。收集所有病例的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,观察PCI术后冠状动脉血流、出血并发症及住院期间不良心脏事件发生率（MACE）情况。结果：治疗组患者PCI术后TIMI 3级血流比例高于对照组（P〈0.05;100%vs 80.6%）。治疗组PCI术后ST段完全回落组（≥70%）的比例为38.7%,高于对照组的12.9%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患者在出血并发症及住院期间不良心脏事件发生率上的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：盐酸替罗非班可改善急性STEMI患者梗死相关血管的血流灌注,且不增加出血并发症及住院期间不良心脏事件的发生。     

Gender differences in efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background The clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is poorer in women than that in men. This study aimed at comparing the impact of gender difference on the strategy of primary PCI in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）.
Methods Two hundred and fifty-nine patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. The male group consisted of 143 men aged 〉55 years, and a female group included 116 women without age limitation. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis 〈20% with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 〉2 and without death, emergency bypass surgery or disabling cerebral events during the hospitalization. The rate of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization during follow-up, was recorded.
Results Female patients were more hypertensive and diabetic and with fewer cigarette smokers than male counterparts. The prevalence of angiographic 3-vessel disease was higher in the female group, but the procedural success rate was comparable between the two groups （94.4% vs 92.2%）. The occurrence rate of MACE did not differ during the hospitalization （4.2% vs 6.0%, P=0.50）, but was significantly higher in the female group during follow-up （mean （16.0±11.2） months） than that in the male group （5.4% vs 0.7%, P=0.02）.
Conclusion Despite a similar success rate of primary PCI and in-hospital outcomes in both genders, female patients with acute STEMI still have a worse prognosis during the long-term follow-up.     

Impact of admission creatinine level on clinical outcomes of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation

Background Prognosis of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） and renal dysfunction （RD） who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has not been fully investigated in the drug-eluting stent （DES） era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of admission serum creatinine level on short-term outcomes in patients with acute STEMI undergoing DES-based primary PCI.
Methods Primary PCI with DES implantation was attempted in 619 consecutive STEMI patients within 12 hours of symptom onset. Among them, 86 patients had a serum creatinine level ≥115 μmol/L on admission （RD group）, and the remaining 533 patients had normal renal function （non-RD group）. The primary endpoint was 30-day major adverse cardiac events （MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization）, and the secondary endpoint was subacute stent thrombosis.
Results Patients in the RD group were older than those in the non-RD group. There are more female patients in the RD group and they had a history of hypertension, myocardial infarction and revascularization. The occurrence rates of Killip class ≥2 （29.1% vs 18.6%, P=0.02） and multi-vessel （62.8% vs 44.5%, P=0.001） and triple vessel disease （32.6% vs 18.2%, P=0.002）, in-hospital mortality （9.3% vs 3.8%, P=0.03）, and MACE rate during hospitalization （17.4% vs 7.7%, P=-0.006） were higher in the RD group than those in the non-RD group. At a 30-day clinical follow-up, the MACE-free survival rate was significantly reduced in the RD group （76.7% vs 89.9%, P=-0.0003）. Angiographic stent thrombosis occurred in 3 （3.5%） and 7 （1.3%） of patients in the RD group and non-RD group, respectively （P=0.15）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum creatinine level 〉115 μmol/L on admission was an independent predictor for MACE rate at a 30-day follow-up （Hazard ratio （HR） 3.31,95% CI 1.19-9.18, P 〈0.001）.
Conclusion Despite similar prevalence of stent thromb     

Outcomes after primary coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction

Background Drug-eluting stent (DES) has been used widely for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome with or without diabetes mellitus during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but its long-term safety and efficacy in diabetic patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes after primary coronary intervention with DES implantation for diabetic patients with acute STEMI, compared with non-diabetic counterparts. Methods From December 2004 to March 2006, 56 consecutive diabetic patients (diabetic group) and 170 non-diabetic patients (non-diabetic group) with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI with DES implantation in 3 hospitals were enrolled. Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, as well as occurrence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including cardiac death, non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction (re-MI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) during hospitalization and one-year clinical follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results Patients in diabetic group were more hyperlipidemic (69.6% and 51.8%, P=0.03) and had longer time delay from symptom onset to admission ((364±219) minutes and (309±223) minutes, P=0.02) than those in non-diabetic group. The culprit vessel distribution, reference vessel diameter, and baseline TIMI flow grade were similar between the two groups, but multi-vessel disease was more common in diabetic than in non-diabetic group (82.1% and 51.2%, P&lt;0.001). Despite similar TIMI flow grades between the two groups after stenting, the occurrence of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) ≥2 was lower in diabetic group (75.0% vs 88.8% in non-diabetic groups, P=0.02). The MACE rate was similar during hospitalization between the two groups (5.4% vs 3.5%, P=0.72), but it was significantly higher in diabetic group (16.1%) during one-year follow-up, as compared with non-diabetic group (6.5%, P=0.03). The cumulative one-year MACE-free survival rate was significantly lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic group (78.6% vs 90.0%, P=0.02). Angiographic stent thrombosis occurred in 5.4% and 1.2% of the patients in diabetic and non-diabetic group, respectively (P=0.19). All of these patients experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction.Conclusions Although the early clinical outcomes were similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute STEMI treated with DES implantation, the cumulative MACE-free survival at one-year follow-up was worse in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. More effective diabetes-related managements may further improve the clinical outcomes of diabetic cohort suffering STEMI.     

急诊PCI术前fQRS与STEMI患者病情严重程度及术后主要心脏不良事件的关系

目的 探究术前碎裂QRS波(fQRS)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)预后的预测价值。 方法 全部病例资料来源于2013年4月—2017年5月期间哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院心电室接受心电图仪检查与急诊PCI术治疗的STEMI患者，共计100例，术前、术后2 h行常规12导联动态心电检测，根据术前心电图有无fQRS将患者分为fQRS组(42例)、nfQRS组(58例)。对比2组的临床资料、实验室指标及心电图指标，均至少随访1年，记录其主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生情况，并以发生MACE为预后不良进行统计学分析。 结果 与nfQRS组相比，fQRS组患者肌钙蛋白(cTnI)峰值、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值均明显升高，术前QRS间期明显延长，术后ST段抬高幅度明显增高，ST段回落率明显降低，差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCI术后1年随访期间fQRS组患者MACE发生率为40.48%，明显高于nfQRS组的13.79%，且fQRS组无MACE生存曲线低于nfQRS组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Cox风险回归分析显示术前QRS间期、术后ST段抬高幅度、术后ST段回落率及fQRS为预后不良的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。 结论 急诊PCI术前存在fQRS可能提示STEMI患者病情严重，其与术后MACE密切相关，可用于预测患者的预后情况。