Anti-diabetic effects of cinnamaldehyde and berberine and their impacts on retinol-binding protein 4 expression in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Retinol binding protein 4 （RBP4）, as an adipocyte secreted cytokine, was recently found to be inversely correlated with expression of glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4） in insulin resistance （IR） state and to have an intimate relationship with IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of cinnamaldehyde （Cin）, berberine （Ber）, and metformin （Met） as well as their impacts on the RBP4-GLUT4 system.
Methods Rat models of T2DM were established by combination of intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin and high fat diet induction. Rats were divided into five groups： the control group, the diabetes group, the diabetes＋Ber group, the diabetes＋Cin group, and the diabetes＋Met group. Western blotting was used to detect the serum or tissue RBP4 and GLUT4 protein levels.
Results After treatment for four weeks, both Cin and Ber displayed significant hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and insulin sensitizing functions （P 〈0.01） compared with the control group. Their effects on lowering fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C） and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） seem even better than that of Met. Cin and Ber markedly lowered serum RBP4 levels and up-regulated the expression of tissue GLUT4 protein, and Cin seemed more notable in affecting these two proteins.
Conclusions Both Cin and Ber display an exciting anti-diabetic efficacy in this study and may be of great value for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Their mechanisms involve the RBP4-GLUT4 system, during which the serum RBP4 levels are lowered and the expression of tissue GLUT4 protein is up-regulated.     

Inflammation markers as mediators of vasculo-endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome

The prevalence of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome is increasing exponentially all over the world because of global changes in obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and the aging of the population.1 The metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of risk factors including obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Both metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes occur in the setting of insulin resistance and confer an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease （CVD）. The possible role of inflanunatory cytokines and atherogenic markers in this process is still being elucidated.[第一段]     

Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 in Maintaining Nutrient Homeostasis and Disease

<正>Fibroblast growth factor 19(FGF19)is a kind of gut-derived postprandial hormone.As an atypical member of the FGF family,FGF19 functions as an endocrine hormone except regulating cell growth and differentiation.FGF19 plays a key role in coordination of liver bile acid biosynthesis and gallbladder motility,and acts as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis,including strengthening     

Effect of insulin lispro on glycaemic control in Chinese diabetic patients receiving twice-daily regimens of insulin

Insulin lispro is an insulin analogue that has the advantages of being fast-acting, convenient, and less likely to lead to hypoglycaemic episodes. Previous studies have proven its value in treating both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both alone and in combination with different treatment regimens. However, heterogeneous and differs in etiology characteristics in different ethnic groups. diabetes is and clinicalEven with the     

Insulin sensitivity after pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with systemic an d portal venous drainage in inbred rats

Objective To assess the metabolic consequences of pancreatic transplantation with portal v enous drainage and systemic venous drainage in induced inbred rats with streptoz ocin.Methods Pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was performed on 8 rats with the donor porta l veins anastomosed to the recipient superior mesenteric vein and on 10 rats wit h the donor portal veins anastomosed to the recipient cava inferior vein.We me asured the recipients’ weight, urine and plasma glucose concentration, plasma in sulin concentration at the beginning, and before and after transplantation.We used the euglycemi-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp test and glucose infusion req uired as an index of insulin sensitivity.Results The plasma glucose and insulin concentration recovered to normal after transplan tation in the portal venous drainage group.The plasma insulin levels increased in the systemic venous group after transplantation.There was a difference in the glucose infusion required between the two groups.Conclusion These data imply that portal venous drainage of the transplanted pancreas is an important factor in the determination of peripheral insulin sensitivity.     

A case with insulinoma localized by combined use of various means

A patient with insulinoma diagnosed by clinical features and localized preoperatively using a combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), dual phase contrast enhanced spiral computed tomography (DPSCT) and arterial stimulation and venous sampling (ASVS) was reported. A 37-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hypoglycemic attacks, palpitations, and muscular weakness. Fajans’ ratio reported to be an index for insulinoma was positive. Transabdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography failed to detect any abnormalities. CEUS showed a small low echoic lesion in the pancreatic body with blood flow and the early arterial phase of DPSCT revealed a small strengthening focus, which mimicked a pancreatic tumor in the pancreatic body. ASVS showed that the insulin levels in the hepatic vein were extremely increased by calcium injection to the gastroduodenal artery. An open intra-abdominal operation was performed and an insulinoma was confirmed in the pancreatic body. Enucleation of tumor was undertaken and histopathological examination showed an adenoma, insulin expression was positive in immunofluorescence staining. Symptomatic hypoglycemia never happened even without glucose infusion since the operation. His blood glucose level improved to within the normal range.     

PI-3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling cascades stimulated by insulin like growth factor-I contribute to multiple myeloma cells proliferation and survival

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in thebone marrow. Significant progress in molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways underlying the survival and/or proliferation of these cells has been achieved. Interleukin 6 （IL-6） is an important cytokine leading to multiple myeloma （MM） cells growth and survival. However, some MM cells isolated from MM patients are poorly responsive to IL-6 stimulation or IL-6 independent. This phenomenon raises the possibility that other growth factors may also be involved in the development of MM. Insulin like growth factor-I （IGF-I） plays an important role in the proliferation of a variety of cell types, in the development and growth of multiple tumors and in the prevention of apoptosis. IGF-I has recently been reported to play such a role in stimulating the MM cells growth, it even induces MM cells proliferation in IL-6 dependent cells, yet the detailed signaling components triggered by IGF-I have not been completely clarified. Thus, the present study are to address the signaling cascades triggered by IGF-I in MM cells.     

Association of SelS mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue with Homa-IR and serum amyloid A in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Tanis was reported as a putative receptor for serum amyloid A （SAA） involving glucose regulated protein in insulin regulated resistance. It was found to be dysregulated in diabetic rats （Psammomys obesus, Israeli sand rat） and its homologue for humans is SelS/AD-015. The present study analyzed mRNA expression of SelS in omental adipose tissue biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, and age- and weight-matched nondiabetic patients, the relationship of SelS mRNA with Homa-IR and serum SAA level.
Methods Human omental adipose tissues from ten cases of type 2 diabetic patients and twelve cases of nondiabetic individuals were analyzed for the expression level of SelS mRNA by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, Homa-IR estimated by standard formula and SAA level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.
Results SelS mRNA expression, Homa-IR and serum SAA were higher in T2DM sufferers than in nondiabetic control group. SelS mRNA level was positively correlated with Homa-IR and SAA level in each group.
Conclusions SelS protein may be involved in insulin resistance in Chinese with T2DM by acting as the SAA receptor, thus playing an important role in the development of T2DM and atherosclerosis.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…