迷迭香芳香油提取及成分分析

迷迭香 Rosmarinus officinalis L.系唇形科多年生迷迭香属植物 ,原产地中海沿岸 ,现在世界各地广为栽培。新鲜迷迭香植物枝、叶中含有挥发油0 .48%～ 0 .5 2 % ,干品含挥发油 0 .5 %～ 2 % ,广泛应用于皂类、化妆品、洗涤剂、除臭剂的加香 ,其中含α-蒎烯、莰烯、1 ,8-桉叶素、龙脑、樟脑、α-和 β-松油醇、松油烯 - 4-醇、马鞭草烯醇、醋酸龙脑酯等成分。迷迭香油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌等有中等强度的抗菌作用。迷迭香制剂有健胃、发汗、安神、亢进消化机能 ,治各种头痛 ,亦有驱蚊作用[1] 。此外 ,迷迭香中提取的鼠尾草…     

固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析蔓荆子挥发性化学成分

目的:对蔓荆子挥发油的化学成分进行了分析。方法:采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(SPME/GC/MS)联用技术。结果:分离出81个组分,确认了其中64种组分,并用归一化法测定其相对百分含量,其相对含量占总挥发性组分峰面积的96.85%。结论:主要成分为:α-蒎烯(4.26%)、1,8-桉树脑5.90(%)、芳樟醇(3.59%)、莰烯(4.89%)、丁子香酚(2.18%)、β-石竹烯(14.72%)、β-古芸烯(2.56%)、双环吉马烯(4.35%)、α-雪松醇(11.29%)。     

绿衣枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油成分GC-MS分析比较

目的 比较分析来源于树龄相同、长势相似枸橘植物的绿衣枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油成分. 方法 采用GC-MS联用技术分析两者的挥发油化学成分,归一法分析挥发油各成分的相对含量. 结果 绿衣枳实和绿衣枳壳的挥发油平均收得率分别为0.64%和1.01%.从绿衣枳实挥发油中鉴定出8种化合物,均为单萜和倍半萜类;主要成分为dl-柠檬烯(42.026%),其次是β-月桂烯(23.988%)、β-水芹烯(9.706%)、1-水芹烯(12.026%);从绿衣枳壳挥发油中鉴定出21种化合物,除10种单萜和倍半萜类(总相对含量53.42%)外,还含有10种脂肪族化合物(总相对含量37.55%)及1种杂环类化合物,相对含量较高的成分有(-)-α-蒎烯(12.300%)、β-石竹烯(8.403%)、1,8桉油精(7.843%)和β-香茅醇(6.583%);两者均含有α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、2-β-蒎烯和β-石竹烯成分,相对含量分别为18.113%和28.489%,挥发油中的其他成分组成不同. 结论 来源于树龄相同、长势相似枸橘植物的绿表枳实与绿衣枳壳挥发油含量及其化学成分组成差异明显.     

狗肝菜的化学成分研究

目的对狗肝菜Dicliptera chinensis全草的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱和制备性薄层色谱进行分离、纯化,IR、NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果从环己烷萃取部分得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为正三十六烷醇(Ⅰ)、硬脂酸(Ⅱ)、羽扇烯酮(Ⅲ)、羽扇豆醇(Ⅳ)、谷甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅴ)、豆甾烷-5-烯-7-酮-3β-棕榈酸酯(Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅷ)、3β,6β-豆甾烷-4-烯-3,6-二醇(Ⅸ)、6β-羟基-豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅹ)、3β-羟基-豆甾烷-5-烯-7-酮(Ⅺ)、去氢催叶萝芙叶醇(Ⅻ)和催叶萝芙叶醇(ⅩⅢ)。结论除Ⅱ化合物和Ⅶ外,皆为首次从该属植物中发现。     

中国腊梅属植物开花期与营养期叶中挥发油的气相色谱比较

1977年版中国药典(一部)收载了用于防治(?)、流行性格(?)的“山(?)梅叶”及其制剂“山腊梅茶”。出腊梅叶主含挥发(?)。经分离鉴定,油中主含桉(?)素、芳樟醇、α-(?)烯、β-蒎烯、莰烯、樟脑与龙脑等。鉴于腊梅属植物具有一定的药用价值,且考虑到同属植物往往含有类似的化学成分与药理作用,因此作者在对该属植物生药学研究的基础上,分别采收该属四种开花期与营养期的叶,依次提取挥发     

赤芝子实体化学成分的研究

目的研究赤芝子实体的化学成分。方法应用多种色谱方法进行分离和纯化,并用NMR和MS等波谱方法解析其化学结构。结果从赤芝子实体的醋酸乙酯提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别被鉴定为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇十五酸酯(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-yl pentadecanoate,)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol,)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,)、灵芝酸C2(ganoderic acid C2,)、ganodermanontriol()及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯[1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(1-methylpropyl)ester,]。结论化合物为新化合物,化合物为从本植物中首次分离得到。     

冰片的研究进展

冰片是传统中药,主要成分为龙脑香的树脂和挥发油中取得的结晶,是接近纯粹的右旋龙脑.龙脑香的树脂和挥发油中含有多种萜类成分.除龙脑外,尚含葎草烯、β-榄香烯、石竹烯等倍半萜,齐墩果酸、麦珠子酸、积雪草酸、龙脑香醇酮、龙脑香二醇酮、古柯二醇等三萜化合物.冰片具有通诸窍、去郁火、去翳明目、消肿止痛之功能[1],还具有抗菌、抗炎、抗生育、抗心绞痛等作用,还发现具有抗癌活性等药理作用,并对中枢神经系统能够增加血脑屏障的通透性,因此,冰片在医药制剂上的作用越来越重要.本文对冰片的理化性质、药理作用、药效学、含量测定方法进行了综述.     

陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析

目的:分析陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕西凤县大红袍花椒挥发油,经GC/MS结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一法确定各化学成分的相对含量。结果:从其挥发油中分离出33个色谱峰,鉴定出25种化合物。挥发油主要成分和含量分别为:β-水芹烯(42.285%)、β-月桂烯(10.268%)、3-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙基)-2-环己烯-1-醇(6.834%)、α-蒎烯(5.616%)、α-松油醇(5.034%),其中还含有抗癌活性组分β-榄香烯。结论:从鉴定出的化学成分可知,凤县大红袍花椒具有较高的药用价值。     

中药路路通挥发油化学成分的鉴定

对中药路路通(Fructus Liquidambaris)挥发油的化学成分进行了毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱鉴定,其重建总离子流(RIC)图显示54个峰。作者等鉴定了其中16种化学成分,即β-松油烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、桃金娘醛、α-松油醇、反式-葛缕醇、百里香酚、香荆芥酚、胡椒烯、β-榄香烯、反式-β-金合欢烯、α-衣兰油烯、×-榄香烯、杜松烯和榄香醇。它们的化学结构式依次为Ⅰ～ⅩⅥ。     

灌木柴胡挥发油的生物活性

本文报道了灌木柴胡(Bupleurumfruticosum)挥发油的成分及其抗炎和解痉活性。经鉴定挥发油中主要成分为单萜烃类化合物,约占总挥发油的80％以上,其中α-蒎烯(41.21％)和β-蒎烯(35.89％)的含量最高。总挥发油中其它微量成分是月桂烯(3.10％)、     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.     

ANTI-PROLIFERATION EFFECT OF ORIDONIN ON HL-60 CELLS AND ITS MECHANISM

Objcetive To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of oridonin on leukemic HL-60 cells and its mechanism. Methods HL-60 cells in vitro in culture medium were given different concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of cells were measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and the activity of telomerase was detected using telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results Oridonin could decrease telomerase activity, inhibit growth of HL-60 cells, and cause apoptosis significantly. The suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed clearly by hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining especially after cells were treated 48-60 hours by oridonin. Conclusions Oridonin has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptotic effects on HL-60 cells in vitro, decreasing telomerase activity of HL-60 cells may be one of its most important mechanisms. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence of oridonin for clinical treatment of acute leukemia.     

HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGEN （Derp1 AND Blot5） LEVELS IN ASTHMATICS＇ HOME IN HONGKONG

Objective To measure Derpl and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.Methods Seventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derpl and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.Results The levels of Derpl allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 μg/g)and on the floor (GM 1.12 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 μg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 μg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 μg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 μg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derpl and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 ≥ 10 μg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P＜ 0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 =0 μg/g of dust as compared with Derpl in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Derpl and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.     

Acute and mid-term results of pecutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objective: To assess the acute and mid-term results of cardiac function improvements and left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG)changes in 30 patients displaying hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) treated with percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA). Methods: PTSMA was intended for 32 patients comprising of 13 women and 19men (average years being 54.1 ± 15.5) to be treated in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: The New York Heart As-sociation(NYHA) definition for cardiac functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ , or class Ⅱ but for whom medical therapies were not tolerated or with syncope; intraventricular septal (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) hypertrophy asymmetrically associated with ratio of IVS to LVPW≥1.3 and LVOTG≥50 mm Hg at rest or ≥100 mm Hg at provocation (Valsalva maneuver). The target vessels were determined by coronary arteriography that demonstrated more than one septal branch and probatory balloon occlusion produced greater than 50% decrease of LVOTG. Once the target vessel established, the alcohol was administrated into septal ventricular via over-the-wire balloon. LVOTG was assessed by means of echocardiography measurements immediately after procedure and 3 months. Simultaneously, cardiac function class was also evaluated. Results: Two patients were abandoned prior to intervention due to inappropriate septal target vessels and DDD Pacemakers were chosed. Immediately after the procedure, resting LVOTG was reduced from 73.8 ± 35.5 to 16.6 ± 7.8 mmHg, at provocation LVOTG from 149.3 ± 42.5 to 61.9 ± 43.0 mmHg(P ＜0.0001 each) by echocardiography measurements. After 3 months, the mean New York Heart Association class was reduced from 2.8 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 1.0(P ＜ 0.0001) and the LVOTG also remained decrease(28.5 ± 6.4 mmHg at rest and 75.3 ± 11.6 mmHg at provocation). Conclusion: PTSMA is a promising nonsurgical technique for relief of symptoms and reduction of LVOTG in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS OF THORACOLUMBAR BURST FRACTURES

Objective To review imaging use in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar burst fractures and to determine the diagnostic value of different imaging methods. Methods One hundred and fourteen patients with 120 thoracolumbar burst fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Plain radiographs were available in all cases; CT scans and MRI were obtained in 96 and 74 cases, respectively. Results A total of 27 burst fractures were misdiagnosed as other types of fractures on radiographs alone, and accounted for 22.5% of all fractures. The results indicated that plain radiographs often fail to delineate the pathological features of thoracolumbar burst fractures, leading to delay in diagnosis. Conclusion In regard to thoracolumbar injury diagnosis, burst fractures should be differentiated from compression fractures. CT should be routinely indicated and MRI examination, when necessary, may be simultaneously considered.