大黄素对内毒素刺激下的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNFα及NO的影响

目的：研究大黄素抗炎作用机理。方法：利用脂多糖（Lipopolysacchride,LPS)刺激的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（PMφ）作为人体过度炎症反应的体外模型,用MTT法和荧光法测定了大黄素对不同状态下的巨噬细胞分泌TNFα,NO的影响。结果：大黄素可通过抑制LPS刺激的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNFα,抑制过度的炎症反应;而对于未经LPS刺激的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,大黄素可促进TNFα的分泌。大黄素能抑制炎症反应中的NO的大量合成与释放。结论：大黄素对机体的免疫功能可能具有双向的调节作用。     

白藜芦醇对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO和炎性因子生成的调控

目的探讨白藜芦醇（Res）对内毒素（LPS）诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞核因子-κB（NF—κB）活化及炎性细胞因子（TNF—α、IL—1β、IL-6）基因表达的调节，为Res的临床运用提供理论依据。方法分别用LPS或Res＋LPS处理体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞，采用电子顺磁共振（EPR）自旋捕集技术直接检测巨噬细胞产生的NO，电泳迁移率改变分析法（EMSA）检测细胞中NF—κB活性，逆转录一聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞中TNF—α、IL—1β、IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果表明LPS组NO含量、NF—κB活性和TNF—α、IL-1β、IL-6含量在刺激后2—12h明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），而Res＋LPS组NO含量、NF—κB活性和TNF—α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均显著低于LPS组（P〈0．01）。结论提示LPS可诱导巨噬细胞NF—KB活化，导致TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达增强，而Res能抑制NF—κB活化而调节TNF—α、IL-1β、IL-6基因的表达。     

芦荟多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及产生IL-1的影响

目的研究芦荟多糖(APS)对ConA、LPS诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1含量的影响。方法MTT法测定淋巴细胞增殖实验和IL-1。结果APS 10 g/kg2、0 g/kg能够显著提高正常小鼠脾脏T、B淋巴细胞的增殖能力(P<0.05,P<0.01),明显促进小鼠巨噬细胞分泌IL-1(P<0.05)。结论APS对正常小鼠的免疫功能具有促进作用。     

用干扰素α和内毒素诱导巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子

本文研究了用 IFNα联合 LPS 诱导小鼠骨髓及腹腔巨噬细胞产生 TNF 的动态,通过抗 TNF 血清对TNF 活性免疫吸收试验。证明巨噬细胞诱导培养上清引起 L929细胞毒作用的因子为 TNFα。结果证明:(1)HrIFNα和 LPS 在诱导骨髓和腹腔巨噬细胞产生 TNF 上有协同作用。(2)TNFα产生量以培养4hr     

桦褐孔菌多糖对脂多糖刺激小鼠巨噬细胞促炎性细胞因子表达的影响

[目的]观察桦褐孔菌多糖对脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠巨噬细胞株Raw264.7细胞与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞促炎性细胞因子表达的影响.[方法]利用桦褐孔菌多糖(40mg/L)处理被LPS(100μg/L)刺激的Raw264.7细胞株和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用半定量RT-PCR方法测定促炎性细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-1βmRNA的表达;采用ELISA法测定TNF-α和IL-1β水平.[结果]与给予LPS刺激相比较,给予桦褐孔菌多糖和LPS同时刺激的Raw264.7细胞株和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞促炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05);给予桦褐孔菌多糖和LPS同时刺激的Raw264.7细胞株在48 h后与只给予LPS刺激相比较,细胞所分泌的促炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β水平均明显下降(P<0.05).[结论]桦褐孔菌多糖对LPS刺激Raw264.7细胞株和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞促炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA表达水平及Raw264.7细胞株促炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌均有抑制作用.     

δ阿片受体激动剂对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡及坏死的影响

目的研究δ阿片受体激动剂DADLE对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡和坏死的影响。方法用LPS（100μg/L）刺激大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在LPS后立即或4h后加入DADLE（104M）。流式细胞仪和共聚焦成像检测巨噬细胞凋亡及坏死,ELISA法检测巨噬细胞细胞核NF—KB的活化水平,Westemblot法检测p38MAPK活化水平。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清TNF-α、IL-1β和HMGB1水平。结果DADLE明显抑制了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡及坏死,降低了细胞培养上清中TNF—α、IL-1β和HMGBl的水平,而且对巨噬细胞NF—kB及p38MAPK的活化均有抑制作用。结论DADLE通过抑制NF—kB及p38MAPK的活化。减少了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡、坏死及细胞因子的释放。     

茯苓酸对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制

目的 观察茯苓酸(PA)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞活化的影响以及对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤(ALI)小鼠的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法 体外培养小鼠单核巨噬细胞系RAW264.7和原代肺巨噬细胞,使用40μmol/L PA孵育30 min后,以100 ng/mL的LPS刺激24 h.将36只健康C57BL/6小鼠随机均分为Control组、LPS组和LPS+PA组,每组12只,采用经气管内滴入5 mg/kg的LPS诱导ALI模型.收集处理后的细胞、细胞培养上清液或小鼠肺组织,使用RT-PCR法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素12(IL-12)mRNA水平;比色法检测一氧化氮(NO)水平及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;采用HE染色观察小鼠肺组织病理变化;Western blot检测p38、p-p38、MK2、p-MK2、Akt、p-Akt、p65、p-p65蛋白表达.结果 体外实验中,PA显著抑制LPS刺激的RAW264.7和肺巨噬细胞促炎介质(iNOS、NO)以及炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-12)生成(P<0.01),抑制细胞中p38、MK2、Akt和NF-κB(p65)蛋白的磷酸化(P<0.05).体内实验中,PA显著抑制LPS诱导的小鼠肺组织病理损伤(P<0.05),减少肺组织中促炎介质iNOS以及炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-12)生成(P<0.01),抑制肺组织中p38、MK2、Akt和NF-κB(p65)蛋白的磷酸化(P<0.05).结论 PA能抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞活化和炎症反应,并对LPS诱导的ALI小鼠具有保护作用,其机制与抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(p38 MAPK)和Akt介导的NF-κB信号通路激活相关.     

半夏泻心汤通过介导MAPK信号通路抑制巨噬细胞炎症因子的分泌

目的:观察半夏泻心汤体外抑制巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子的作用及对MAPK炎症信号通路的影响,以探讨其治疗胃炎的可能机制。方法:取小鼠8只,提取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,原代培养;用家兔制备半夏泻心汤含药血清和对照血清。小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分为空白对照组、脂多糖(LPS)组、地塞米松组及半夏泻心汤5%含药血清组、10%含药血清组和20%含药血清组,各组分别给予对照血清、LPS、地塞米松和各浓度含药血清。作用6 h后收集细胞,用qRT-PCR方法检测细胞内IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA相对表达量;作用24 h后,用ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的蛋白含量。收集20%含药血清作用30 min、60 min和2 h后的细胞,用Western blot方法检测细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和P38的磷酸化水平。结果:qRTPCR结果显示,与不含药血清对照组比较,LPS能明显促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA表达(P0.01);与LPS组比较,地塞米松能明显抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA表达(P0.01);5%含药血清能明显抑制巨噬细胞TNF-α的mRNA表达(P0.01),10%和20%含药血清均能明显抑制IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的mRNA表达(P0.01)。ELISA结果显示,5%含药血清能明显抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1β的分泌(P0.01),10%、20%含药血清能明显抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α的分泌(P0.05,P0.01)。Western blot结果显示,半夏泻心汤含药血清作用30 min、60 min均能抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MAPK信号通路中P38磷酸化水平(P0.05、P0.01);含药血清作用2 h能抑制巨噬细胞的ERK和P38的磷酸化水平(P0.01)。结论:半夏泻心汤可能通过调节巨噬细胞内MAPK炎症信号通路中ERK、P38的磷酸化水平,抑制巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α而起到治疗胃炎的作用。     

PGRN缺失型腹膜巨噬细胞对细菌脂多糖的体外炎症应答

目的   观察颗粒蛋白前体(PGRN)对细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导腹膜巨噬细胞(PM)炎症应答的影响。方法   诱导提取野生型(WT)小鼠及PGRN基因敲除小鼠(KO)腹膜细胞(PEC),观察PEC数目、形态和类型;流式细胞术检测PEC的巨噬细胞表面标志物CD11b、F4/80。LPS分别处理WT或KO小鼠PM,LPS、重组PGRN或LPS加重组PGRN分别处理WT小鼠PM,培养24h后收集细胞上清,ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素12(IL-12),Griess法检测一氧化氮(NO)。 结果   PGRN缺失对小鼠PEC的数目、成分及巨噬细胞表面标志物CD11b、F4/80的表达无明显影响;与WT组相比,LPS诱导PGRN KO来源的PM分泌较高水平的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-12及NO。外源给予重组PGRN后,LPS诱导WT组PM分泌TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-12及NO的水平降低。结论   PGRN缺失使PM对LPS的刺激产生了更强的炎症反应;外源性给予重组PGRN则可抑制LPS诱导PM 释放前炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-12及炎症介质NO。     

α黑素细胞刺激素对大鼠胶原性关节炎软骨破坏的抑制作用

目的：研究α黑素细胞刺激素(α—melanocyte—stimulating hormone，α—MSH)对大鼠胶原性关节炎(collagen—induced arthritis，CIA)软骨破坏的保护作用及其机制。方法：建立大鼠CIA动物模型，随机分为3组：正常对照组，CIA组和α—MSH注射组，每组8只。于致敏建模当天起连续腹腔注射α—MSH或PBS，比较各组大鼠组织病理学及X线放射学表现。收集CIA组牛Ⅱ型胶原(bCⅡ)诱导的大鼠淋巴细胞和LPS诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，加入不同浓度的α—MSH(10^-12～10^-6mol／L)后，分别培养48h和24h收集上清，应用ELISA法测定IL-1β和IL-10含量，MTT法测定TNF—α浓度，硝酸还原酶法测定一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果：α—MSH可改善关节炎大鼠病灶的病理及X线表现，抑制关节软骨破坏。给予α—MSH后，CIA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞上清中IL-1β、TNF—α及NO水平明显下降，IL-10含量则明显升高。结论：α—MSH对关节炎大鼠软骨破坏具有抑制作用，其机制可能与调节细胞因子及NO的水平有关。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…