加味丹参饮预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨加味丹参饮（ JDSH ）预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（ IRI ）的保护作用及机制。方法采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30 min 后再灌注30/60 min 模型,将56只 SD 雄性大鼠随机分为7组：假手术组、缺血/再灌注（ I/R ）30 min 组、I/R 60 min 组、p38MAPK 阻断剂SB203580+I/R 30 min 组、SB203580+I/R 60 min 组、JDSH+I/R 30 min组、JDSH+I/R60 min 组。各组干预2 d 后, HE 染色心肌组织标本,全自动生化分析仪测定血清 CK、LDH ,免疫组化法检测p38MAPK、COX-2和 ICAM-1蛋白的表达。结果经 JDSH 预处理或 p38MAPK 阻断剂 SB203580处理后心肌细胞形态结构保持更好。与假手术组比较,I/R30 min 组和 I/R 60min 组大鼠血清中的 CK、LDH 明显升高（P＜0.01）;与 I/R 30/60 min 比较,SB203580＋I/R 30/60 min 组和 JDSH＋I/R 30/60 min 组均明显降低（P＜0.01）。与假手术组比较,I/R 使大鼠心肌组织的 p38MAPK、COX-2、ICAM-1蛋白表达增加（P＜0.01）,且随再灌注时间的延长而增加;与 I/R 30/60 min 组比较,SB203580和JDSH 均能减少其蛋白表达（P＜0.01）。结论大鼠心肌 IRI 时,激活了 p38MAPK 信号通路,且与再灌注时间（30~60 min ）呈正相关。 JDSH 通过抑制 p38MAPK 信号通路,降低其下游基因 COX-2和 ICAM-1的表达,降低CK、LDH ,减轻心肌损伤,起到保护心肌作用。     

瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制

目的研究瑞芬太尼预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法健康SD大鼠96只,随机分为Sham组(S组)和缺血组,缺血组包括缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、瑞芬太尼预处理组(RPC组)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)阻滞剂SB203580(SB)+RPC组。各组分别于再灌注末抽取静脉血、处死大鼠,收集肝组织。观察血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平;ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及IL-1β水平;TUNEL法测定肝细胞凋亡情况;HE染色观察肝组织病理学改变;Western blotting法测定肝组织p38MAPK及其磷酸化组分pp38MAPK的表达水平。结果与S组相比,I/R组血清ALT、AST、TNF-α及IL-1β水平均明显升高,出现明显肝组织损伤,肝细胞凋亡增加;与I/R组相比,RPC组血清ALT、AST、TNF-α及IL-1β水平均明显下降,组织病理学损伤明显减轻,肝细胞凋亡减少,肝组织pp38MAPK表达明显升高;应用p38MAPK阻断剂SB203580,肝损伤加重。结论瑞芬太尼预处理通过激活p38MAPK通路,使p38MAPK磷酸化,减轻炎症因子的产生,对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。这种保护作用可以被SB 203580阻断。     

新生鼠高氧肺损伤中p38MAPK的磷酸化

目的 探讨p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)在新生鼠高氧肺损伤中的表达及意义.方法 160只新生鼠分为空气对照组、高氧肺损伤组、高氧肺损伤 SB203580组和高氧肺损伤 生理盐水组,分别建立动物模型.在12、24、72 h和1周4个时相点处死,进行肺组织病理学检查、肺湿/干重比值(W/D)测定、Western blot法检测p38MAPK的表达.结果 高氧暴露72 h即可建立肺损伤模型.新生鼠暴露于高氧12h后,p38MAPK开始表达,72h达高峰,后逐渐降低.在高氧暴露72 h后,空气对照组未见p38MAPK表达,高氧肺损伤组可见p38MAPK表达;高氧肺损伤 生理盐水组p38MAPK表达明显强于高氧肺损伤 SB203580组.结论 p38MAPK参与了新生鼠高氧肺损伤的过程,SB203580可以减轻这种损伤.     

绞股蓝总皂苷对光老化HaCaT细胞中p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA表达的抑制作用

目的：观察绞股蓝总皂苷含药血清对光老化HaCaT细胞p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)蛋白和Jun基因（c-Jun ）mRNA表达的影响,探讨绞股蓝总皂苷含药血清抗皮肤光老化的作用机制。方法：采用中波紫外线(UVB)照射建立光老化HaCaT细胞模型,加低、中、高剂量绞股蓝总皂苷含药血清于光老化HaCaT细胞模型培养液中培养,并设空白对照组、空白血清组和UVB模型组。采用Western blotting和RT-PCR方法检测各组细胞p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA的表达水平。结果：与空白对照组比较,UVB模型组细胞p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA表达显著上调,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与UVB模型组比较,低、中和高剂量含药血清组细胞p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA表达显著下调,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与空白血清组比较,低、中和高剂量含药血清组细胞p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA表达下降(P<0.01)。结论：绞股蓝总皂苷含药血清可能通过抑制p38MAPK蛋白和c-Jun mRNA表达抑制皮肤光老化。     

哺乳动物的促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号途径

促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)是一类表达于所有真核细胞的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,能够被诸如细胞因子、生长因子、神经递质、激素、细胞应急以及细胞粘附等各种刺激因素激活.MAPK途径的基本组合包括MAPK、MAPK激酶(MKK)和MAPK激酶激酶(MKKK)三种保守的成分,由此建立一个连续的激活途径.哺乳动物的MAPK可以大致归纳为5类:ERK1/2(MAPKerk1/2)、P38(MAPKp3g)、JNK(MAPKjnk)、ERK3/4(MAPKerk3/4)和ERK5(MAPKerk5).MAPK家族在各种细胞活动中具有重要作用,如增殖、分化、发育、转化及凋亡等.文章讨论了哺乳动物MAPK的功能和调节.     

P38信号转导通路对蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发性脑血管痉挛的影响

目的:探讨促分裂原活化蛋白激酶P38(P38 MAPK)在兔蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后迟发性脑血管痉挛(CVS)中的作用。方法:35只新西兰白兔随机分为对照组(n=5),SAH组(n=10)、SAH+DMSO(n=10)、SAH+SB203580组(n=10),采用枕大池二次注血的方法建立SAH模型。分别在注血后第5天、第7天活体灌注处死,留取基底动脉标本。用免疫组织化学、测量基底动脉横截面积的方法检测P38 MAPK的表达和CVS程度的变化。结果:5 d处死的SAH组、SAH+DMSO组兔基底动脉横截面积与对照组相比有统计学意义(P<0.01),平滑肌细胞P38 MAPK的表达与对照组相比显著增强(P<0.01);5 d处死的SAH+SB203580组CVS明显缓解(P<0.01),平滑肌细胞P38 MAPK的表达减弱。结论:SAH后兔基底动脉平滑肌细胞内激活的P38 MAPK诱导了迟发性CVS的产生;SB203580能够有效的缓解基底动脉平滑肌持续性的收缩。     

SB203580防治大鼠高氧肺损伤的作用与机制

目的:探讨p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)特异性抑制剂SB203580对新生大鼠高氧肺损伤产生保护作用的机制. 方法:160只新生大鼠随机分为空气对照组、高氧肺损伤组、高氧肺损伤 SB203580组和高氧肺损伤 生理盐水组,建立模型. 作用12, 24, 72 h和1 wk后,分别处死大鼠. 取大鼠72 h的左肺以Western Blot法检测p38MAPK的表达情况,取大鼠4个时相点的右肺以ELISA法检测IL-8和TGF-β1的含量. 结果:72 h时, 高氧肺损伤组和高氧肺损伤 生理盐水组p38MAPK呈阳性表达;在这两个组中,肺组织IL-8 和TGF-β1浓度随时间延长呈持续上升趋势,在各时相点均高于空气对照组和高氧肺损伤 SB203580组(P＜0.01). 结论:SB203580能够通过阻断p38MAPK表达,进而抑制IL-8和TGF-β1表达来减轻新生大鼠高氧肺损伤.     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂对创伤失血性休克致急性肺损伤大鼠的影响

目的:探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶抑制剂SB203580对创伤失血性休克致急性肺损伤大鼠的影响。方法:30只SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、急性肺损伤模型组(M组)和急性肺损伤模型组+SB203580组(SB组)。M组和SB组建立急性肺损伤模型,SB组造模前30 min静脉注射抑制剂SB203580(2mg/kg)。股动脉穿刺置管监测平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR);创伤后6h采集动脉血样进行血气分析;采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的水平;收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF)行中性粒细胞细胞(PMN)计数;比色法测定肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;光镜和电镜下观察肺组织病理学改变,采用Western blot法检测p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的表达。结果:创伤失血性休克后2h和4h时间点,大鼠心率和平均动脉血压显著下降,静脉注射SB203580后大鼠心率和平均动脉血压相对平稳。与S组比较,M组大鼠pH和PaO2降低,PaCO2、BALF中中性粒细胞细胞计数、MPO活性和血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的水平升高,肺组织p38MAPK的表达上调(P<0.05);与M组比较,SB组大鼠pH和PaO2升高,PaCO2、BALF中中性粒细胞细胞计数、MPO活性和血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的水平降低,肺组织p38MAPK的表达下调(P<0.05)。结论:p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580可减少肺组织中的p38MAPK的表达,降低血清中的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的水平,从而减轻创伤失血性休克导致的急性肺损伤。     

TNF-α 通过 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对小胶质细胞HMGB1 表达的调控作用

目的：观察P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38 MAPK)抑制剂SB203580对 TNF-α诱导的原代培养大鼠小胶质细胞高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGB1)表达的影响。方法： 采用原代培养大鼠小胶质细胞,设立对照组、TNF-α组(25 ng/mL)、TNF-α(25 ng/mL)+SB 203580组(10 μmol/L)、SB 203580组(10 μmol/L),各组细胞经药物处理16 h后分别用ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中HMGB1的表达情况,Western 印迹检测细胞HMGB1和磷酸化p38MAPK表达情况,用反转录PCR检测HMGB1 mRNA表达。结果：经TNF-α刺激 后,大鼠小胶质细胞及其培养上清液中HMGB1蛋白表达增高;SB 203580可抑制TNF-α诱导的磷酸化p38 MAPK表达 (P<0.01),同时下调HMGB1mRNA和HMGB1蛋白的表达。结论：TNF-α可诱导小胶质细胞晚期炎症因子HMGB1的表 达,并且其诱导机制与p38 MAPK被快速激活相关。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶特异性抑制剂SB203580对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清IL-6和IL-1β的影响

目的观察p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)特异性抑制剂SB203580对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清IL-6和IL-1β的影响,探讨p38MAPK在溃疡性结肠炎中的可能作用。方法 45只健康SD大鼠随机均分为正常对照组、模型组、SB203580组。采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)制备大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肠组织活化转录因子2(p-ATF2)表达,ELISA法检测大鼠血清白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)表达水平,并观察肠道大体形态和组织学改变;同时分析p-ATF2水平与IL-6及IL-1β含量的关系。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠肠组织p-ATF2水平、血清IL-6及IL-1β含量显著增高(P<0.05),SB203580组p-ATF2表达与血清IL-6、IL-1β水平均明显低于结肠炎模型组(P<0.05),p-ATF2水平与IL-6及IL-1β含量呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580通过下调p-ATF2活性及IL-6、IL-1β表达,对TNBS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎大鼠起保护作用。     

LXA4通过p38MAPK/Nrf2信号通路诱导H9c2心肌细胞HO-1高表达

目的:探讨脂氧素A4(lipoxin A4,LXA4)诱导心肌细胞H9c2中血红素加氧酶(heme oxygenase,HO)-1表达可能涉及的信号转导通路?方法:分别用核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2,Nrf2)的抑制剂ATRA?p38MAPK的抑制剂SB203580?LXA4联合ATRA?LXA4联合SB03580预处理H9c2细胞后进行缺氧/复氧处理,RT-PCR?Western blot?免疫荧光等检测HO-1?Nrf2以及p38MAPK mRNA和蛋白表达的变化?结果:与只行缺氧/复氧处理的细胞相比,LXA4预处理的H9c2细胞HO-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达明显升高(P < 0.05),而ATRA?SB203580分别抑制了Nrf2的聚集和p38MAPK的磷酸化(P < 0.05),从而抑制了LXA4对HO-1的诱导(P < 0.05)?结论:LXA4预处理诱导心肌细胞H9c2的HO-1高表达,具有抗缺氧/复氧损伤的作用,其机制与p38MAPK/Nrf2信号通路有关?     

The Relationship between p38MAPK and Apoptosis during Paclitaxei Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells

To investigate the relationship between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and cell apoptosis during the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cell lines, flow cytometry (FCM) and PI staining were employed to determine the effect of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on the apoptosis of A2780/Taxol cells, a drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line. p38MAPK protein expression in SB203580-treated cells was immunochemically measured. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of paclitaxel on A2780/Taxol cells was determined by MTT assay. MDR-1 mRNA, and expression of p38MAPK and phospho-p53 protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The apoptosis rate of A2780/Taxol cells was (19.7+/-1.04)% 24 h after SB203580 treatment. A significant difference in apoptosis rate was found among experiment group, control group and untreated group (P<0.05). The relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to paclitaxel was (57.18+/-2.01)%. As compared with the control group and the untreated group, p38MAPK protein and MDR-1 mRNA in SB203580-treated cells was substantially decreased. The expression of p53 protein was significantly increased. It is concluded that p38MAPK pathway is related to paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma, and blockade of this pathway can promote the apoptosis of the drug-resistant cells and reverse the drug-resistance. Moreover, p38MAPK-mediated apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells depends on the activation of p53.     

The Relationship between p38MAPK and Apoptosis during Paclitaxel Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells

To investigate the relationship between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and cell apoptosis during the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cell lines, flow cytometry (FCM) and PI staining were employed to determine the effect of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on the apoptosis of A2780/Taxol cells, a drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line. p38MAPK protein expression in SB203580-treated cells was immunochemically measured. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel on A2780/Taxol cells was determined by MTT assay. MDR-1 mRNA, and expression of p38MAPK and phospho-p53 protein were detected by RT-PCR and West- ern blotting, respectively. The apoptosis rate of A2780/Taxol cells was (19.7±1.04)% 24 h after SB203580 treatment. A significant difference in apoptosis rate was found among experiment group, control group and untreated group (P<0.05). The relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to pacli- taxel was (57.18±2.01)%. As compared with the control group and the untreated group, p38MAPK protein and MDR-1 mRNA in SB203580-treated cells was substantially decreased. The expression of p53 protein was significantly increased. It is concluded that p38MAPK pathway is related to pacli- taxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma, and blockade of this pathway can promote the apoptosis of the drug-resistant cells and reverse the drug-resistance. Moreover, p38MAPK-mediated apoptosis in pa- clitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells depends on the activation of p53.     

Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in cardioprotection of morphine preconditioning

Background p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may be essential to cardioprotection. We assessed whether protective effect of morphine-induced preconditioning (MPC) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat hearts involved p38 MAPK activation. Methods Male Spargue-Dawley rats (weighing 300－350 g) were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 8 groups: control (CON, saline vehicle, n=9), SB 203580 (SB, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, n=6), MPC (n=6), IPC (n=9), SB+MPC, SB+IPC, MPC+SB, and IPC+SB (n=6). Infarct sizes (IS), a percentage of the area at risk (AAR), were determined by triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining. Tissue samples were processed from the entire AAR of left ventricle for the determination of p38 MAPK protein expression (5 hearts/group). The bands representing the proteins were visualized using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system. Results The IS/AAR was significantly reduced by IPC (12.9±1.6)% or MPC (25.3±2.9)% compared to the control (52.7±5.5)%. SB 203580 administered prior to preconditioning abolished the effect of IPC (SB+IPC: (43.8±2.6)%, P&gt;0.05 vs CON, P&lt;0.01 vs IPC), but not MPC (SB+MPC: (30.7±0.9)%, P&lt;0.01 vs CON, P&gt;0.05 vs MPC). Treatment with SB 203580 prior to sustained ischemia diminished the protective effect of both MPC (MPC+SB: (42.4±2.9)%, P&gt;0.05 vs CON) and IPC (IPC+SB: (52.0±2.5)%, P&gt;0.05 vs CON) on IS/AAR. In the IPC group, phospho-p38 MAPK protein increased significantly within 5 minutes into ischemia and remained elevated at 30 minutes into reperfusion, while phospho-p38 MAPK protein in the MPC group only increased significantly at 30 minutes into reperfusion. Conclusion The activation of p38 MAPK just acts as a mediator of MPC,whereas it acts as both a trigger and a mediator in IPC.     

The relationship between p38MAPK and apoptosis during paclitaxel resistance of ovarian cancer cells

Summary To investigate the relationship between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and cell apoptosis during the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cell lines, flow cytometry (FCM) and PI staining were employed to determine the effect of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on the apoptosis of A2780/Taxol cells, a drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line. p38MAPK protein expression in SB203580-treated cells was immunochemically measured. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of paclitaxel on A2780/Taxol cells was determined by MTT assay. MDR-1 mRNA, and expression of p38MAPK and phospho-p53 protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The apoptosis rate of A2780/Taxol cells was (19.7±1.04)% 24 h after SB203580 treatment. A significant difference in apoptosis rate was found among experiment group, control group and untreated group (P<0.05). The relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to paclitaxel was (57.18±2.01)%. As compared with the control group and the untreated group, p38MAPK protein and MDR-1 mRNA in SB203580-treated cells was substantially decreased. The expression of p53 protein was significantly increased. It is concluded that p38MAPK pathway is related to paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma, and blockade of this pathway can promote the apoptosis of the drug-resistant cells and reverse the drug-resistance. Moreover, p38MAPK-mediated apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells depends on the activation of p53. This project was supported by a grant from R&D program of Heilongjiang Province (No. GB05C402-11).     

p38MAPK参与去甲肾上腺素预处理的延迟保护作用

目的 探讨p38MAPK(丝裂素活化蛋白激酶)是否参与去甲肾上腺素(NE)预处理的延迟保护作用。方法 建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(I/R)模型。分别应用去甲肾上腺素、p38的特异性抑制剂SB203580预处理心脏,24h后对心脏进行缺血再灌注,观察此时心肌梗塞范围、血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,同时用western blotting方法检测NE预处理后即刻、10 min、15 min、30 min时p~(38)磷酸化水平。结果 NE预处理明显缩小心梗范围,减轻血浆LDH活性升高程度(P<0.01 vs I/R)。p38磷酸化在NE预处理后即刻稍微增高,10min轻度升高,15min达到高峰,30min开始下降。用SB203580可明显抑制p38磷酸化,而心梗范围、血浆LDH活性同单纯缺血/再灌注组相似(P>0.05)。结论 ①去甲肾上腺素预处理对24h后缺血/再灌注心肌有保护作用。②p38参与心肌预处理后的延迟保护作用,去甲肾上腺素预处理后p38短暂而快速的激活可能是药物延迟保护作用的重要机制之一。     

鞘内注射p38 MAPK抑制剂对神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓背角脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对坐骨神经压缩性损伤(CCI)神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛效果及脊髓背角p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达,探讨大鼠神经病理性疼痛可能的发生机制。 方法 30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组、对照组(CCI组)、SB203580组(CCI术前30 min及术后第1~3天鞘内注射SB203580,剂量为0.1 ml/kg)。于CCI术前2 h以及术后第4~14天测定大鼠右足机械痛阈值;术后第14天取损伤侧腰段脊髓,采用免疫组化方法观察脊髓背角p38 MAPK及BDNF的表达。结果 与术前相比,假手术组术后机械痛阈值差异无统计学意义,对照组、SB203580组在CCI术后机械痛阈值明显降低(P<0.05);与假手术组相比,CCI术后,对照组、SB203580组机械痛阈值明显降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,CCI术后第4~14天SB203580组机械痛阈值明显升高(P<0.05)。与假手术组相比,对照组、SB203580组脊髓背角p38 MAPK表达及BDNF释放明显增加(P<0.05);与对照组相比,SB203580组损伤侧脊髓背角p38 MAPK表达及BDNF释放明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 鞘内注射p38 MAPK抑制剂可能通过降低损伤侧脊髓背角p38 MAPK表达,抑制BDNF释放,从而缓解CCI大鼠慢性神经病理性疼痛。     

iNOS基因在胶质细胞中转录激活机制初探

目的:通过瞬时转染p38MAPK途径中上游激酶:组成激活型MAPK激酶3(MKK3b)和MAPK激酶6(MKK6b),进一步了解p38MAPK级联传导信号系统调节iNOS基因在胶质细胞中的转录激活机制。方法:MKK3b或MKK6b与接有荧光素酶(luciferase,Luc)的大鼠iNOS启动基因质粒(iNOS-Luc);cAMP反应元件(CRE-Luc)和核因子κB(NFκB-Luc)联合转染C6胶质细胞株。结果:MKK3b/MKK6b能引起iNOS-Luc的激活,并都能够被p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580所抑制。MKK可以诱导cAMP反应元件(CRE-Luc)介导的和核因子κB(NFκB-Luc)依赖的转录活性。显性抑制型(dominantnegative,dn)CRE结合蛋白(dnCREB)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白(C/EBP)都是p38MAPK的靶向作用目标。结论:转染这两种转录因子产生相反的影响:dnCRE增强了iNOS-Luc的表达,而dnC/EBP则引起抑制作用,对CRE-Luc也具有相同的影响。