乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移与非前哨淋巴结转移的关系

目的 探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)微转移与非前哨淋巴结(nSLN)转移的关系,并分析其影响因素.方法 对86例乳腺癌患者采用美蓝染料法定位活检前哨淋巴结,并用HE和CK19免疫组化法检测微转移灶.结果 本组SLN阳性检出率约80%,假阴性率7.4%(2/27);灵敏度89%(24/27);准确率96%(66/69).CK19免疫组化法检测出微转移前哨淋巴结9例,共12枚.检出率为20%(9/45).SLN微转移与nSLN的转移无明显相关(P=0.127,P>0.05),而发生微转移的前哨淋巴结的数量和微转移灶的大小与nSLN的转移有关.结论 染料法定位SLN、CK19免疫组化法检测微转移灶简便可行,微转移的SLN数目≥2和微转移灶直径>1mm可能对nSLN的转移具有明显的提示作用.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结转移检测方法的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检的可行性、准确性以及比较几种方法对SLN转移灶检出率的差异。方法对86例乳腺癌患者用亚甲蓝示踪行SLN活检,获取的SLN分别进行常规HE染色、连续病理切片、免疫组化测定CK19和MUCI粘蛋白、RT-PCR法测定CK19和MUCI粘蛋白,比较4种方法对SLN转移灶的检出率。结果86例乳腺癌患者中,80例检出SLN,检出率93.0%,共切除151枚SLN。SLN常规HE染色法预测腋窝淋巴结转移状态敏感性94.74%(36/38),准确率97.50%(78/80),假阴性率5.26%(2/38)。常规HE染色诊断检出率46.36%;连续切片诊断检出率54.30%;免疫组化检测检出率56.29%;RT-PCR法CK19、MUCI粘蛋白联合检测检出率73.50%。结论SLN活检可有效判断乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移状态,RT-PCR法检测乳腺癌SLN转移最敏感。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的 探讨应用专利蓝鉴别乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)的成功率及预测乳腺癌腋淋巴结状态的准确性.方法 我们对收治的乳腺癌74例实施了前哨淋巴结活检(SNB),术中在乳腺肿块周围腺体内分四点注射1%2ml专利蓝以鉴别定位SLN;全部病例都实施了腋淋巴结清扫术.结果 乳腺癌SLN鉴别的成功率为86.5%(64/74),预测腋淋巴结状态准确性为93.8%(60/64).结论 专利蓝是较理想的乳腺癌SNB的生物活性染料示踪剂,可较为准确的预测乳腺癌腋淋巴结状态.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结术中快速冷冻切片的临床意义研究

目的研究乳腺癌前哨淋巴结术中快速冷冻切片对腋窝淋巴结状态的预测价值及其临床意义。方法用美兰作为示踪剂对2006～2011年合肥市第二人民医院165例临床分期为T1～2 N0M0乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,所有患者均同时进行腋窝淋巴结清扫。术中前哨淋巴结冷冻切片,并与石蜡切片及免疫组化CK19检测作比较。结果 165例患者中有160例找到前哨淋巴结,活检成功率97.0%(160/165)。前哨淋巴结数量是1～4枚,平均1.4枚。腋窝淋巴结6～22枚,平均每例12.3枚。160例活检成功的患者中,41例冷冻快速切片报告有癌转移,其中27例(65.9%)患者腋窝淋巴结有转移。119例冷冻快速切片报告为阴性患者中,术后免疫组化CK19证实3例(2.5%)有微小转移(1 mm),其中有2例发现有腋窝淋巴结转移,组织学类型均为浸润性微乳头状癌。前哨淋巴结术中快速冷冻切片报告的准确性为98.1%(157/160),敏感性95.3%(41/44),特异度为100%(116/116)。结论前哨淋巴结术中快速冷冻切片有较高的准确性,对腋窝淋巴结状态有很好预测价值,浸润性微乳头状癌患者易出现前哨淋巴结假阴性,免疫组化染色可提高准确性。     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌手术中的应用

目的:研究前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)在乳腺癌手术中的应用。方法:回顾性分析本院2011年6月-2014年6月间收治的28例行乳腺癌手术患者的临床资料,于术前2～4 h在肿瘤下方或瘤床内注射0.4 mL/37MBq放射性物质99mTc_DX,术中用r探测仪定位并切除前哨淋巴结(SLN),再行乳腺肿瘤切除及腋窝淋巴结(ALN)清扫。首先对SLN及ALN进行常规HE检测,再行免疫组织化学(1HC)检测及逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞角蛋白19(CKl9)mRNA的表达以检测淋巴结的微转移。结果:本次研究的检出率为100%,共检出43枚前哨淋巴结。18例患者有1枚,5例2枚、5例3枚。腋窝淋巴结共检出67枚。患者经HE染色检测后发现4例发生转移;利用印片细胞学对患者前哨淋巴结的阴阳性进行判断,经检查后发现阳性5例,阴性23例。结论:乳腺癌SLNB是可行的,SLN可以预测ALN的转移情况,它在保乳方面起到了重要作用,并且有利于判断是否为患者行腋窝淋巴结清扫,值得推广使用。     

定量RT-PCR法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结CK19的研究

目的探讨定量RT-PCR法检测细胞角蛋白(CK19)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)中的表达,提高前哨淋巴结活检中微转移的检出率。方法采用常规病理检查法(HE染色)和定量RT-PCR法检测了40例乳腺癌患者SLN的CK19的表达量,同时选取10例来源于胃肠道的良性病变淋巴结作为定量RT-PCR检测的对照组。结果CK19在良性病变的淋巴结中没有表达。常规病理检查的敏感度为42.9%(9/21),假阴性为57.1%(12/21),准确率为70.0%(28/40)。定量RT-PCR法检测出常规病理未检出的微小转移病例12例,敏感度为95.2%(20/21),假阴性为4.8%(1/21),准确率为97.5%(39/40)。结论前哨淋巴结活检可有效判断乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移状态,应用定量RT-PCR法检测CK19在SLN中的表达,可提高敏感度及准确率。     

多种蓝色混合染色在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的临床应用

目的:探讨多种蓝色染料混合染色鉴别前哨淋巴结(SLN)的成功率及预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的准确性;为SLND提供一种较佳的示踪染料。方法:从2005年1月至2006年1月我科收治的乳腺癌病例中选取19例实施了前哨淋巴结活检(snb),分美蓝组(1%美蓝3m l)和复合染色组(1%专利蓝,1%异硫蓝,1%美蓝各1m l混合)两组,于术中在乳腺肿块周围腺体内注射,以鉴别定位SLN,全部病例都实施了腋淋巴结清扫术。结果:SLN鉴别的成功率美蓝组和复合染色组分别为77.8%(7/9)和90%(9/10)(P<0.01);预测腋淋巴结转移状态准确性分别为88.9%(7/8)和100%(10/10)(P>0.05)。结论:与美蓝比较,该混合染料是较理想的乳腺癌SNB的生物活性染料示踪剂。     

核素法乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术临床应用探讨

目的 评价核素法乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术对预测腋窝淋巴结状况的准确性,探讨其检查方法及临床应用意义.方法 应用99mTc-硫胶体作为示踪剂对46例临床分期为T1-2N0M0的乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,所有患者均同时行腋窝淋巴结清扫,统计其发现率、准确率、假阴性率、假阳性率.结果 46例乳腺癌患者中,38例检出前哨淋巴结,检出率为82.61%,平均每例1.4枚(1～3枚),清扫腋窝淋巴结平均每例10.8枚(4～19枚).用前哨淋巴结预测腋淋巴结转移的94.74%,准确率为94.74%,特异度为100%,假阴性率为5.26%.结论 核素法前哨淋巴结活检术能较准确预测腋窝淋巴结转移情况,但病例的选择有一定的适应症,与术者操作经验有关.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检对腋窝淋巴结转移的临床意义

目的　评价前哨淋巴结活检 (SLND)对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALN)的价值。方法　本组 30例原发乳腺癌患者 ,术前ALN阴性 ,术中注入美蓝 ,前哨淋巴结活检 ;随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫 (ALND) ,术后行SLND、ALN连续病理切片检查。结果　 30例患者中 ,2 9例检测到SLN ,其中 2 8例的SLN可准确预测腋窝淋巴结转移 (ALNM)状态 ;假阴性率 11 1% ,总敏感性是 88 9% ,准确性是 96 6 %。结论　应用美蓝淋巴结定位方法进行SLND可以准确预测原发乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的状态     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的检测及临床意义

目的：探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检及其微转移的检测方法和临床意义。方法：对125例乳腺癌患者于术前2～4h在肿瘤下方或瘤床内注射0．4mL／37MBq放射性物质^99mTc—DX，术中用γ探测仪定位并切除前哨淋巴结，再行乳腺肿瘤切除及腋窝淋巴结清扫。首先对SLN及ALN进行常规HE检测，再行免疫组织化学(IHC)检测及逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT—PCR)检测细胞角蛋白19(CK19)mRNA的表达以检测淋巴结的微转移。结果：125例中发现116例SLN，其检出率为92．8％(116／125)，共检出SLN235枚，平均2．0枚，本组SLN的检出灵敏度为97．9％(47／48)，准确性99．0％(104/105)，假阴性率为2．1％(1／48)，假阳性率为0。结论：乳腺癌SLNB是可行的，SLN可以预测ALN的转移情况。SLN阴性的早期乳腺癌仅行局部切除是可行的。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after overnight migration of radiolabelled sulphur colloid

Objective: To evaluate the performance and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients using technetium-99m (^99mTc) sulphur colloid and gamma probe. Methods: From May 2000 to March 2001, 70 patients with a tumour less than 5 cm with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes underwent sentinel node biopsy followed by standard axillary dissection. ^99mTc sulphur colloid was injected around the primary tumour the day before surgery and a gamma probe was used to detect the sentinel lymph node during the surgical procedure. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was compared with standard axillary dissection for its ability to accurately reflect the final pathological status of the axillary nodes. Results: The sentinel lymph node was successfully identified in 67 of 70 patients (95.71%). The number of sentinel lymph nodes ranged from 1–5 (mean 1.5) and non-sentinel nodes ranged from 5–22 (mean 13.3). Of the 67 patients with successfully identified sentinel lymph nodes, 43.28% (29/67) were histologically positive. Sensitivity of the sentinel lymph node to predict axilla was 82.75%; specificity was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 88.3% respectively. The sentinel lymph node was falsely negative in five patients, yielding an accuracy of 92.53%. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was more accurate for T1 tumours than for T2 tumours. Conclusions: The gamma probe guided method after overnight migration of ^99mTc sulphur colloid is technically feasible for detecting sentinel lymph nodes in most breast cancer patients, accurately predicting the axillary lymph node status, and appears more accurate for T1 lesions than for larger lesions. This minimally invasive axillary staging procedure represents a major advance in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.     

靶向腋窝淋巴结切除在新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结评估中的应用

目的：探讨靶向腋窝淋巴结切除术（TAD）在评估乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结转移情况中的应用。方法：前瞻性纳入2015年6月至2020年5月期间丽水市中心医院乳腺疾病诊疗中心收治的行新辅助化疗患者57例,其中31例行新辅助化疗前先在超声引导下将金属标记夹植入经细针穿刺证实转移的腋窝淋巴结,完成化疗后行手术时先在超声引导下对标记淋巴结行穿刺染色定位后行标记的腋窝淋巴结切除,同时行前哨淋巴结活检后再行腋窝淋巴结清扫术（TAD组）。另26例行新辅助化疗后,术中单纯行前哨淋巴结活检后再行腋窝淋巴结清扫术（对照组）,比较两组前哨淋巴结检出率、准确率、灵敏度及假阴性率。结果：57例患者中至少检出1枚前哨淋巴结者有53例,前哨淋巴结检出率为92.98%,其中TAD组31例,对照组26例。TAD组淋巴结检出率为100%（31/31）,灵敏度为94.44%（17/18）,假阴性率为5.56%（1/18）,准确率为96.77%（30/31）。对照组淋巴结检出率为84.62%（22/26）,灵敏度为62.50%（10/16）,假阴性率为37.50%（6/16）,准确率为72.73%（16/22）。TAD组的淋巴结检出率、灵敏度及准确率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;TAD组假阴性率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：腋窝淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后行TAD联合前哨淋巴结活检相较于单纯行前哨淋巴结活检更能真实反映腋窝淋巴结转移情况。     

45例原发乳腺癌病人前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义初探

目的：探讨开展乳腺癌并哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)的必要性，可行性，准确性及临床应用价值。方法：对45例临床，B超及钼靶检测腋窝LN阴性的原发乳腺癌患者，术中在原发后对全部LN行常规病理检查。结果：45例患者中41例检测到SLN，成功率91.1%；假阴性率为2.4%，SLNB总的敏感性是93.3%，特异性是96.1%；总的阳性和阴性预测值分别是93.3%和96.1%。结论：SLNB能够准确的预测腋窝淋巴结的转移情况。保证腋窝淋巴结分期的准确性。     

Reliability of sentinel node status in predicting axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability of determining sentinel node status in staging regional lymph nodes in breast cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective validation study in a major public teaching hospital, comparing histological sentinel node status with that of remaining axillary nodes. PATIENTS: 117 women who underwent sentinel node biopsy and axillary dissection for primary breast cancer between 1995 and 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraoperative success rate in sentinel node identification; false negative rate; predictive value of negative sentinel node status; overall accuracy of sentinel node status. RESULTS: The sentinel node was identified at operation in 95 patients (81.2%). Tumour involvement of the sentinel node was demonstrated in 29 of 31 women (93.5%; 95% CI, 79%-99%). Sixty-four of the 66 women in whom the sentinel node was negative for tumour showed no further involvement of remaining axillary nodes (standard haematoxylin-eosin histological assessment), giving a predictive value of negative sentinel node status of 97% (95% CI, 89%-100%). The overall accuracy in 95 women in whom sentinel node status was compared with axillary node status was 97.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological examination of the sentinel node is an accurate method of assessing axillary lymph node status in primary breast cancer and is likely to be incorporated into future surgical management of women with primary breast cancer.     

PREDICTION OF NON-SENTINEL LYMPH NODE METASTASES IN BREAST CANCER

INTRODUCTIONThepurposeofaxillarylymphnodedissection(ALND)forbreastcancerpatientsistoacquireaclearstaging,obtainlocalcontrol,andassistinthedeci-sionmakingforadjuvanttherapy.However,thestudyofNSABP-4indicatedALNDdidnotincreasesurvival(1).Inaddition,manypatientsexperiencecomplica-tionsthatcanbedirectlyascribedtothissurgicalTable1.Clinipathologiccharacteristicsofpatientsprocedure.Infection,hemorrhage,seroma,andinjurytoneighboringstructuresareamongtheacutecompli-cations,andlong-termeffec…     

超声定位下可疑淋巴结取样在早期乳腺癌手术中的临床研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌更为合理的腋窝淋巴结处理方法,明确腋窝可疑淋巴结取样结合前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）替代单纯SLNB时的假阴性率是否明显降低,为临床应用提供依据。方法采用传统的腋窝淋巴结外科学分群方法,对符合入组条件的42例早期乳腺癌患者术前行B超引导下钩丝定位,术中行腋窝SLNB和定位的可疑淋巴结活检,再行全腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）或levelⅡ水平的腋淋巴结清扫,对SLN、可疑淋巴结、腋窝其余的淋巴结分3组行病理检查,比较单纯SLNB与SLNB配合可疑淋巴结取样活检预测腋淋巴结状态的差异。结果SLNB总成功率为100％（42／42）,SLNB2例假阴性,假阴性率11％（2／18）,敏感性88．9％（16／18）,准确率95．2％（40／42）。SLNB配合可疑淋巴结活检预测腋淋巴结状态未见假阴性,敏感性100％（18／18）,准确率100％（42／42）。结论超声引导可疑淋巴结钩丝定位取样有降低乳腺癌SLNB假阴性率的趋势,但本组样本数少,差异无统计学意义（P=0．2500）。     

亚甲蓝示踪法定位乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的评价

目的 评估亚甲蓝在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）中的应用价值。方法 对100例临床分期为T1-2N0M0的乳腺癌患者，术中用1%亚甲蓝注射在原发肿瘤周围进行腋淋巴结定位并前哨淋巴结切除；随即行乳腺癌根治或改良根治切除术，全部标本作病理学检查。结果 本组100例患者中78例发现了前哨淋巴结（SLN），占78%，发现前哨淋巴结的患者中40例（51.2%)有腋窝淋巴结癌转移，其中有3例SLN阴性，用亚甲蓝为示踪剂SLNB的准确率为96.1%(75/78)，假阴性率为7.5%(3/40)；SLN对腋窝淋巴结状况预测的敏感性为92.5%(37/40)；阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100%和90.2%。结论 亚甲蓝示踪法在探查乳腺癌前哨淋巴结估测癌转移，指导根治切除术范围具有临床应用价值。     

Detection of micrometastases in bone marrow and sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients

To study the sensitivity and clinical significance of HE-staining,IHC and RT-PCR in detecting breast cancer micrometastases in bone marrow and sentinel lymph nodes （SLNs）. Methods ：After general anesthesia, all patients underwent bone marrow puncture and sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） by 1% isosulfan blue, and then HE-staining,IHC and RT-PCR were used to detect micrometastases. Results：Of 62 patients with breast cancer whose axillary lymph nodes showed negative HE-staining results, 15 cases presented with positive RT-PCR and 9 cases showed positive IHC results positive in bone marrow micrometastases detection. PT-PCR and IHC showed good uniformity（kappa=0.6945）and there was significant difference in detective rate between these two methods （X2=4.1667,P = 0.0412）. In SLN samples, 13 showed positive RT-PCR results, while 7 showed positive IHC results. PT-PCR and IHC showed good uniformity （kappa=0.64.83）and significant difference was also found in detective rate between these two methods （X^2=4.1667 ,P = 0.0412）. Both bone marrow and SLN samples were RT-PCR positive in 3 cases, which indicated that bone marrow did not always accompany SLN micrometastases（X^2=0.067,P = 0.796）. Conclusion： Even if no axillary lymph node involvement or distant metastases are present in routine preoperative examination, micrometastases can still be detected in bone marrow or SLNs. Because the bone marrow micrometastases and axillary node micrometastses are not present simultaneously, combination test of multiple indicators will detect micrometastases more accurately.     

数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航在乳腺癌腔镜前哨淋巴结活检手术中的应用

目的：探讨数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航在乳腺癌腔镜前哨淋巴结活检手术的应用价值。方法入组2014年9月~2015年9月期间我科的39名Ⅰ、Ⅱ期女性乳腺癌患者,术前行CT淋巴造影,采集其数据并进行分割及三维重建,准确定位前哨淋巴结并进行腔镜前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫的可视化预演及临床手术,评价在数字三维技术指导下腔镜前哨淋巴结活检的准确性及应用价值。结果39例患者腋窝三维模型符合患者实际解剖,清晰显示前哨淋巴结、腋窝淋巴结与腋静脉、胸大肌、胸小肌、背阔肌等的三维关系。数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航腔镜前哨淋巴结活检的检出率为100%,总符合率为87.18%（34/39）,灵敏度为91.67%（11/12）,假阴性率为8.33%（1/12）。术后随访半年,39例患者均未发现患侧腋窝皮下积液、感染、疼痛、水肿等并发症。结论数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航腔镜前哨淋巴结活检术具有较高的检出率、灵敏度和较低的假阴性率,可作为前哨淋巴结活检的一种新方法。