多重耐药及泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌外排泵基因adeB的研究

目的：观察多重耐药及泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排泵在耐药方面的作用和外排泵基因表达情况。方法通过比较加入羰基氰氯苯（carbonyl cyanldem-chlorophenyl hydrazone,CCCP）泵抑制剂前后,96株鲍曼不动杆菌对四环素、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟4种药物最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）的变化,筛选出34株外排泵表型阳性的鲍曼不动杆菌。用聚合酶链反应扩增对34株菌进行外排泵蛋白基因adeB的检测和分析,并测序。结果最终筛选出对4种抗生素MIC值均降低4倍及以上菌34株（35．42％）,34株外排泵表型阳性的鲍曼不动杆菌检测到 adeB基因33株,检出阳性率为97．06％。对33株鲍曼不动杆菌的外排泵基因 adeB进行测序,经比对所测序列与基因库（Genebank）中序列同源性为100．00％。结论泵抑制剂CCCP对于逆转鲍曼不动杆菌对四环素、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟4种抗菌药物的耐药性起到重要作用,主动外排泵基因是鲍曼不动杆菌发生多重耐药的重要因素。     

鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排系统和NDM-1基因分布特征及与耐药表型的关系

目的了解鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排系统(外排泵)基因和新德里金属β-内酰胺酶1(NDM-1)基因的分布情况,并分析其与细菌耐药表型的关系。方法采用琼脂二倍稀释法检测13种抗生素对81株鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MICs),根据外排泵抑制剂PAβN处理前后MICs的变化判定外排泵表型。利用PCR扩增技术检测外排泵基因adeABC、adeIJK和adeFGH以及NDM-1基因blaNDM-1在临床分离株中的分布特征,根据外排泵基因的检出情况将临床分离株进行分组并比较耐药率。结果 81株鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用的13种抗生素普遍耐药,43株(53%)外排泵表型试验阳性,对米诺环素的耐药率最低(30.9%),其次为亚胺培南,对其余抗生素的耐药率均超过60%,对头孢西丁和复方新诺明的耐药率较高,分别为97.5%和93.8%。在AdeABC外排泵基因阳性的菌株中,adeB、adeS和adeR的检出率分别为78%、78%和74%;在AdeIJK和AdeFGH外排泵基因中,adeJ、adeL、adeF、adeG和adeH的检出率均90%;外排泵基因adeB、adeJ和adeG全部阳性的60株鲍曼不动杆菌的多重耐药最为严重,耐药基因阳性组的耐药率明显高于相对基因阴性组。32株鲍曼不动杆菌被检测出携带blaNDM-1基因。结论本地区鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株多重耐药情况严重,存在blaNDM-1基因的克隆传播。AdeABC、AdeIJK和adeFGH外排泵基因在鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株中的检出率较高。主动外排系统和NDM-1在鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药性的形成中起重要作用。     

Resistance phenotype in relation to distribution of active efflux system gene and NDM-1 gene in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

目的 了解鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排系统(外排泵)基因和新德里金属β-内酰胺酶1(NDM-1)基因的分布情况,并分析其与细菌耐药表型的关系.方法 采用琼脂二倍稀释法检测13种抗生素对81株鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MICs),根据外排泵抑制剂PAβN处理前后MICs的变化判定外排泵表型.利用PCR扩增技术检测外排泵基因adeABC、adeIJK和adeFGH以及NDM-1基因blaNDM-1在临床分离株中的分布特征,根据外排泵基因的检出情况将临床分离株进行分组并比较耐药率.结果 81株鲍曼不动杆菌对临床常用的13种抗生素普遍耐药,43株(53％)外排泵表型试验阳性,对米诺环素的耐药率最低(30.9％),其次为亚胺培南,对其余抗生素的耐药率均超过60％,对头孢西丁和复方新诺明的耐药率较高,分别为97.5％和93.8％.在AdeABC外排泵基因阳性的菌株中,adeB、adeS和adeR的检出率分别为78％、78％和74％;在AdeIJK和AdeFGH外排泵基因中,adeJ、adeL、adeF、adeG和adeH的检出率均＞90％;外排泵基因adeB、adeJ和adeG全部阳性的60株鲍曼不动杆菌的多重耐药最为严重,耐药基因阳性组的耐药率明显高于相对基因阴性组.32株鲍曼不动杆菌被检测出携带blaNDM-1基因.结论 本地区鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株多重耐药情况严重,存在blaNDM-1基因的克隆传播.AdeABC、AdeIJK和adeFGH外排泵基因在鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株中的检出率较高.主动外排系统和NDM-1在鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药性的形成中起重要作用.     

外排泵adeB基因与鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药的关系

目的 探讨临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排基因adeB的表达与其多重耐药的关系。 方法 对临床分离的64株鲍曼不动杆菌采用纸片扩散法检测对抗菌药物的敏感性;罗丹明6G检测外排活性,RT-PCR检测外排泵基因adeB的分布和表达水平。 结果 64株鲍曼不动杆菌耐0～2种抗菌药物4株,耐3～5种抗菌药物33株,耐6～8种抗菌药物27株;罗丹明6G外排实验显示,外排增强的多重耐药菌株其外排基因adeB的表达明显增高。 结论 药物主动外排增强与鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药相关;外排基因的过度表达可能是导致鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药的主要原因。     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌的主要耐药机制研究

目的研究感染性鲍曼不动杆菌碳青霉烯酶基因分布与耐药相关性。方法回顾性分析鲍曼不动杆菌在2010年1月~2015年12月期间的药物敏感性变迁,留取200株耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌,检测青霉烯酶与外排泵表型,并统计比较200株耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌与200株碳青霉烯类敏感组的差异。结果 2010年1月~2015年12月期间鲍曼不动杆菌耐药严峻,碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌检出率在35.8%~78.9%。其中在200株耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌菌株中,检出携带OXA-51基因108株,携带OXA-23基因46株,同时携带OXA-51和OXA-23 26株,其余碳青霉烯酶基因均未检测到;外排泵表型在碳青霉烯类耐药菌阳性株为175株,碳青霉烯类敏感株阳性株为115株,χ~2检验碳青霉烯类敏感组的与耐药组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=45.141,P=0.000)。结论近六年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药机制以OXA-51,OXA-23起主要作用,外排泵机制可能在碳青霉烯类耐药机制起作用。     

碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌外排泵耐药机制研究

目的 研究碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性与主动外排泵表型和基因型之间的关系.方法 采用纸片扩散法对菌株进行药物敏感实验,加入外排泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙(CCCP)观察其对亚胺培南(IPM)最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的影响;通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增外排泵adeB、adeJ基因.结果128株鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素耐药严重,除阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、米诺环素外,其他抗生素的耐药率都达到60%~80%.加入CCCP抑制剂后有37株(28.9%)对亚胺培南的MIC比不加入CCCP的MIC值下降4倍及以上,其对亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(32.9%)与对亚胺培南敏感鲍曼不动杆菌株(10.7%)的外排泵抑制试验阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).PCR扩增有98株(76.6%)携带adeB基因,有75株(58.6%)携带adeJ基因.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株耐药严重,外排泵基因adeB 和adeJ广泛存在于临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌中,外排泵基因过度表达和外排泵抑制试验阳性与碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药机制关系密切.     

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排系统adeA的分布

目的 探讨主动外排系统adeA与鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)筛选鲍曼不动杆菌的主动外排基因adeA,应用琼脂稀释法检测主动外排抑制剂碳酰氰间氯苯腙(CCCP)联合抗菌药物对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌生长的影响.结果 收集的60株鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率分别80.0%和81.7%,对其它大多数抗菌药物的耐药率为90%以上;60株临床分离株检测出adeA主动外排基因52株,检出率为86.7%;CCCP可减少多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物的外排作用,增加抗生素对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的抑制率.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌是医院感染重要的多重耐药病原菌,adeA主动外排作用可能在本地区鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药中发挥非常重要的作用.     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌外排泵AdeABC的研究

目的从外排泵表型和基因型两个方面探讨外排泵系统在鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药机制中所起的作用。方法外排泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙(CCCP)对138株鲍曼不动杆菌的外排泵进行表型检测;荧光定量PCR测定外排泵adeABC在51株鲍曼不动杆菌中的表达情况。结果泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙(CCCP)和美罗培南协同实验的结果显示:138株临床分离菌中,CCCP抑制实验共筛选出泵阳性菌株28株,其中对美罗培南耐药的39株菌中有15株即38.4%的菌株为泵阳性株,对美罗培南敏感的99株菌中有13株即13.1%的菌株为泵阳性株。经卡方检验统计学分析,差异有显著意义(χ2=12.477b,P=0.01);荧光定量PCR检测菌株的adeB和16s rRNA后,根据检测结果计算出adeB表达量差异。经t检验统计学分析结果显示碳青霉烯类抗生素敏感组的adeB的表达量是0.899±1.172,耐药组的表达量是21.101±21.443,敏感组的表达量显著低于耐药组的表达量,差异有统计学意义(t=4.403,P=0.000)。结论主动外排泵机制在临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药机制中起作用。adeB基因或者adeABC外排泵机制可能在临床菌株对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药机制中起作用。     

泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌耐碳青霉烯类抗生素机制研究

目的研究鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯耐药的表型和分子机制。方法采用KB法及琼脂稀释法从临床分离的84株泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中随机选取8株,采用外排泵抑制试验筛查外排泵表型阳性菌株,EDTA协同实验筛选金属β-内酰胺酶表型,改良三维试验检测ESBLs和AmpC酶,改良Hodge试验检测碳青霉烯酶,PCR扩增耐药菌株的KPC酶、碳青霉烯酶和ESBLs基因,并测序分析。提取外膜蛋白行SDS-PAGE。结果 PAβN抑制试验显示亚胺培南MIC值下降均≤4倍,而美罗培南MIC值下降≥4倍者占50%(4/8)。EDTA协同试验结果显示阴性。改良Hodge试验检测8株耐药菌结果阳性。耐药基因PCR扩增和测序证实8株耐药菌中7株有blaOXA-23基因,5株含blaTEM-1基因,8株耐药菌均含有KPC-2酶基因;耐药菌株的外膜蛋白电泳条带在25 ku处出现明显缺失。结论鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯耐药机制主要是产生KPC-2酶、blaOXA-23酶,外膜蛋白25 ku表达的缺失所致,外排泵过度表达可能参与美罗培南的耐药。     

A study on mechanism of carbapenem resistance on pan-drugresistant Acinetobacter baumannii

目的 研究鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯耐药的表型和分子机制.方法 采用KB法及琼脂稀释法从临床分离的84株泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中随机选取8株,采用外排泵抑制试验筛查外排泵表型阳性菌株,EDTA协同实验筛选金属β-内酰胺酶表型,改良三维试验检测ESBLs和AmpC酶,改良Hodge试验检测碳青霉烯酶,PCR扩增耐药菌株的KPC酶、碳青霉烯酶和ESBLs基因,并测序分析.提取外膜蛋白行SDS-PAGE.结果 PAβN抑制试验显示亚胺培南MIC值下降均≤4倍,而美罗培南MIC值下降≥4倍者占50%(4/8).EDTA协同试验结果显示阴性.改良Hodge试验检测8株耐药菌结果阳性.耐药基因PCR扩增和测序证实8株耐药菌中7株有blaOXA-23基因,5株含blaTEM-1基因,8株耐药菌均含有KPC-2酶基因;耐药菌株的外膜蛋白电泳条带在25 ku处出现明显缺失.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯耐药机制主要是产生KPC-2酶、blaOXA-23酶,外膜蛋白25 ku表达的缺失所致,外排泵过度表达可能参与美罗培南的耐药.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.