彩色多普勒超声对脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床评价

目的 探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化病变特点,彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床诊断价值.方法 应用EUB-6500彩超仪器对36例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和48例正常人(对照组)进行颈动脉检查.结果 脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),脑梗死组软斑比例显著大于对照组(P＜0.01 );脑梗死组左颈总动脉收缩期峰值流速(SPV)、舒张末期(EDV)较对照组明显减低(P＜0.05),阻力指数(RI)比对照组增高(P＜0.05).结论 脑梗死的发生、发展与颈动脉粥样硬化病变密切相关;彩色多普勒超声检查可为脑梗死预防与治疗提供参考.     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗塞相关性的研究应用

目的 通过彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化的检测,评价颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗塞的关系.方法 采用高频彩色多普勒超声检查55例脑梗塞患者的颈动脉,测量其内径、内-中膜厚度(IMT)、血流速度等参数,观察斑块的有无及形成情况,并以50例健康者作为对照组.结果 55例脑梗塞患者中,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成、管腔狭窄等血管异常者45例,检出率占87%;对照组中有IMT增厚和斑块形成者9例,占18%,二者比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗塞密切相关,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是引起脑梗塞的重要原因.高分辨力彩色多普勒超声诊断技术能早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化,有效判断狭窄程度,并对斑块进行分型,有利于临床选择治疗方案及估计预后,预防脑梗塞,提高病变治愈率.     

颈动脉粥样硬化预测冠心病的临床价值

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化预测冠心病(CHD)的临床价值.方法 采用高分辨率超声测定86例CHD和46例正常对照者颈动脉内中膜厚度和斑块积分.结果 CHD组斑块发生率明显高于对照组(77.9%vs17.4%,P＜0.01).CHD多支病变组平均颈动脉内中膜厚度(mIMTc)较单支病变组明显增厚[(0.99+0.17)mm vs(0.85±0.15)mm,P＜0.01],其斑块积分也较单支病变组高[(2.68±1.82)vs(1.60±1.27),P＜0.05].以mIMTc≥0.85 mm预测CHD的有无,其敏感性为72.1%,特异性为76.1%,总符合率73.5%(97/132).结论 高频超声能准确测量颈动脉内中膜厚度及斑块情况,颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关,颈动脉粥样硬化程度可间接反映冠状动脉病变的程度.     

脑梗塞与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块间的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发部位、狭窄程度及与脑梗塞的关系.方法 对80例脑梗塞患者及正常对照组90例进行颈动脉超声检测,了解有无斑块形成及狭窄程度.结果 80例脑梗塞患者中发现颈动脉内存在不同程度的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块有72例且好发于颈动脉分叉部.正常对照组90例发现颈动脉粥样硬化25例,梗塞组与对照组比较,有显著差异（P＜0.01）.结论 颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗塞密切相关.     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样斑块与脑梗死的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样斑块与脑梗死的诊断价值。方法选择2011年10月～2013年10月长沙市第一医院收治的70例脑梗死患者和70例健康体检者,分别作为观察组和对照组。应用彩色多普勒超声仪对2组颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、斑块类型、斑块形态,进行检测和比较。结果与对照组相比,观察组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成率显著升高（77.1% vs 24.3%）,并且斑块类型多为不稳定的软斑;与对照组相比,观察组颈动脉IMT明显增大（1.3±0.3） vs （0.7±0.2）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论颈动脉粥样斑块与脑梗死密切相关,颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查能够明确脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

颈动脉实时三维超声在冠心病危险评估中的应用价值

目的:探讨实时三维超声技术于颈动脉粥样硬化评估及间接对冠心病的病变程度的评估中的应用价值。方法:将100例疑似冠心病患者分为冠心病组和对照组(非冠心病组),均行冠脉造影检查,并进行颈动脉二维彩色多普勒超声和实时三维超声检查判断颈动脉斑块类型,分析其与冠状动脉病变支数、冠脉狭窄程度的关系,分析实时三维超声检查在冠心病危险评估中的作用。结果:两组颈动脉斑块比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且随着冠状动脉病变累及支数的增加,斑块检出率明显增加;多支病变组与单支病变组的颈动脉斑块比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),病变支数越多者,颈动脉斑块发生率越高;且斑块多为软斑块、含有软斑块为主的混合性斑块。实时三维超声对软斑和混合斑检出率在单支病变组及多支病变组与二维超声比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。因此颈动脉粥样斑块的存在可以预诊冠状动脉粥样硬化的存在,颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化呈明显的相关性。对软斑、混合斑的检出率及斑块表面溃疡检出率方面实时三维与二维超声比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实时三维超声对颈动脉斑块表面有无溃疡检测优于二维超声。结论:颈动脉实时三维超声检查,可间接评估冠状动脉粥样硬化程度,有效预测患者发生心血管不良事件的几率。     

老年脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的通过对颈动脉内中膜厚度的检测,以探讨颈动脉粥样硬化病变发生率与脑梗死的关系.方法采用B型超声测定颈动脉内中膜厚度和粥样硬化斑块指数.检测130例,脑梗死组65例,对照组65例.结果在脑梗死组颈动脉内中膜厚度明显大于对照组(P＜0.01),颈动脉管腔直径两组无显著性差异.动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率在两组中均以球部为最高,其次为颈总动脉和颈内动脉.脑梗死组颈总动脉硬化发生率、颈动脉硬化斑块指数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论颈动脉粥样硬化严重程度与脑梗死发生率呈正比.     

彩色多普勒超声检查脑梗死患者颈动脉64例临床分析

目的分析研究彩色多普勒超声检查在脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对64例首次发病的脑梗死患者进行了颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,并与非脑梗死对照组进行对比分析。结果 64例脑梗死患者中有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者51例,检出率达79.69%。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于颈动脉分叉处。脑梗死组软斑所占比率明显大于对照组,而对照组扁平斑最多见。结论颈动脉硬化斑块的存在与脑梗死的发生关系密切,彩色多普勒超声能在早期检出斑块,且方法简单、快捷、无创,对颈动脉粥样硬化有很好的诊断价值,对预防和治疗脑梗死有重要的临床意义。     

老年脑梗塞与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块关系的临床观察

目的探讨老年脑梗塞与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声仪分别对100例老年脑梗塞患者(脑梗塞组)和50例非脑梗塞患者(对照组)的颈动脉进行检测,观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生及与血糖、血脂、血浆纤维蛋白原的关系。结果脑梗塞组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率为79%,对照组为16%,两组差异有高度显著性(P<0.01)。高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、LDL升高、高纤维蛋白原是老年脑梗塞颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。结论颈动脉超声检查可及早发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,积极控制危险因素,对预防和治疗老年脑梗塞具有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声检查脑梗死患者颈动脉64例临床分析

目的分析研究彩色多普勒超声检查在脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对64例首次发病的脑梗死患者进行了颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,并与非脑梗死对照组进行对比分析。结果 64例脑梗死患者中有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者51例,检出率达79.69%。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于颈动脉分叉处。脑梗死组软斑所占比率明显大于对照组,而对照组扁平斑最多见。结论颈动脉硬化斑块的存在与脑梗死的发生关系密切,彩色多普勒超声能在早期检出斑块,且方法简单、快捷、无创,对颈动脉粥样硬化有很好的诊断价值,对预防和治疗脑梗死有重要的临床意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.