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1.
Objective. To study the whole body bone mineral changes in normal subjects.Methods. Bone mineral was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 292 normal subjects aged 10~79 years, including 152 females and 140 males. They were divided into age-groups by decade.Results. In males, the ages with peak value of total bone mineral content (TBMC), total bone mineral density (TBMD), anteroposterior spine BMD(L2-4 BMD) were in the 30-39,20-39, 20-29 age-groups respectively. In females, they were all in the 30-39 age-group. Peak values of TBMC, TBMD, L2-4 BMD were higher in males than those in females. Loss of bone mineral for females was more pronounced than that for males. Loss of L2-4 BMD was more pronounced than TBMD.Conclusion. This study provides the normal bone mineral data of whole body for males and females, and the characteristic of changes.  相似文献   

2.
The estimation of chronologic age based on the stages of third-molar development was evaluated by using the eight stages (A–H) method of Demirjian and the third-molar development was compared, in terms of sex and age, with results of previous studies. The samples consisted of 291 orthopantomograms from young Chinese subjects of known chronologic age and sex (including 139 males with a mean age of 14.67±3.62 y and 152 females with a mean age of 14.85±3.70 y). Statistical analysis was performed by employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and the t-test. Regression analysis was conducted to obtain regression formulas for calculating dental age from the chronologic age. Our results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in third-molar development between males and females, at the calcification stages D, E and H. And a strong correlation was found between age and third-molar development in both males (r2=0.65) and females (r2=0.61). New equations (Age=8.76 1.32 Development stage) for estimating chronologic age were derived. It is concluded that third-molar genesis took place earlier in males than in females. The use of third molars as a developmental marker is appropriate in young adults of Central China. The formula obtained in the present study can be used as a guide for estimation of dental maturity and a standard for age estimation for young adults of Central China.  相似文献   

3.
Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules(TNs) and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations(UICs) after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine(T3), tetraiodothyronine(T4), serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), free triiodothyronine(FT3), free tetraiodothyronine(FT4), thyroglobulin antibody(Tg Ab), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), and TSH receptor antibody(TRAb) levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs(P=0.0035, P=0.0068). The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs(P=0.0164, P=0.0127). The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 140 μg/L and 400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.  相似文献   

4.
Background The mechanisms of action of volatile anesthetics are still unknown. Recently, the use of genetics as a means to investigate anesthetic action has increased in scale. However, only limited forward genetic approach studies were performed in mammals, especially with volatile anesthetics as the selection agent. In the present study, a selective breeding process was designed to produce strains of mice with different sensitivity to isoflurane. Methods One hundred and sixty male and female virgin outbred ICR/CD-1 mice at 65-70 days of age were selected as original generation, and the median effective dose (ED50) of inhaled isoflurane were measured by probit analysis with the loss of righting reflex as the endpoint of anesthesia. The most sensitive males and females were selected and mated one another randomly, as with the most resistant males and females. Thus two branches of mice (sensitive and resistant to isoflurane) were created and allowed to produce the next generation. At 65-70 days of age, screening experiment was performed in offspring, by selecting the most sensitive mice in sensitive branch and the most resistant mice in resistant branch. Selected males and females within each branch were mated one another randomly to produce the following generation. The same procedure was performed in the offspring. The process of screening and breeding was repeated for 8 generations, and then strains were conserved by mating the offspring one another randomly within each branch for 3 generations. Each pair of mice was allowed to produce the second litters as a backup, and isoflurane EDs0 was measured in mice from the second litters. Results Isoflurane righting reflex ED5os (95% confidence limit (CL)) in original mice were 0.65% (0.58%-0.72%) in females and 0.63% (0.56%-0.69%) in males. After the 4th generation, isoflurane ED50S in resistant branch were significantly higher than those in sensitive branch (P 〈0.05), for both in females and males. In the 11th generation, isoflurane ED50 in the two branches differed by 32% in females and 36% in males. Conclusions After 8 generations of selective breeding and 3 generations of strain conservation, two strains of mice with high and low sensitivity to isoflurane were developed. The separation of inhaled anesthetic requirement in parents could be transferred to the offspring in mice.  相似文献   

5.
The study was conducted to determine the hemoglobin concentration in alcohol consumers (home made brewChang) and compare it with nonalcoholics healthy subjects. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined in 2053 alcobolic consumers ( males : 1056 ; females: 997) and was compared with 1 027 ( males : 623 ; females : 404) healthy non-alcoholic control subjects. The Hb concentration in alcoholic male and female were 13.42 ±2.14 g/dL and 12.19 ± 1.55 g/dL compared with control showing 14.43 ±1.07 g/dL and 12.73 ± 1.41 g/dL in males and females respectively. The differences in Hb concentration between alcoholic and non- alcoholic consumers were highly significant in both genders with a P value of 0.000 674 in males and 0.004 732 in females. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification test (AUDIT) scores was advocated to alcoholic consumers to test the severity of drunkenness and disorders related to it. A total of 887 males and 663 females crossed the cut-off limits of ≥8 AUDIT scores showing the addiction towards drinking habits of local brew.  相似文献   

6.
Objective Central obesity is considered to be a central component of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference(WC) has been widely used as a simple indicator of central obesity. This study is aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of WC cut-off values for predicting metabolic risk factors in middle-aged Chinese. Methods The study involved 923 subjects aged 40-65 years. The metabolic risk factors were defined according to the Chinese Joint Committee for Developing Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults. WC cut-off 85-90 cm and ≥90 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in males, respectively, while WC 80-85 cm and ≥85 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in females. Results First, WC values corresponding to body mass index(BMI) 24 kg/m2 and visceral fat area(VFA) 80 cm2 were 88.55 cm and 88.51 cm in males, and 81.46 cm and 82.51 cm in females respectively. Second, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the optimal WC cut-off of value was 88.75 cm in males, higher than that in females(81.75 cm). Third, the subjects with higher WC values were more likely to have accumulating metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic risk factors increased linearly and significantly in relation to WC levels. Conclusion WC cut-off values of central pre-/central obesity are optimal to predict multiple metabolic risk factors.  相似文献   

7.
BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON UNILATERAL SINGLE-PLANE EXTERNAL FIXER   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Six tibias removed from 30-40 years old males,who died in an accident for in less than 12 hours,were cateotomised at one-third supra-medium segment.They were fixed by an unilateral adjustable external fixer (UAEF),to be used as a model of external fixation of tibial fracture (MEFTF).The compression,tension,torsion,antero-posterior and lateral bending strength,and the strength for vertically extracting the pins from the tibia were determined in the MEFTF.Within a certain range of foad,the correlation of strain to stress was basically a linear relationship.These data provide a theoretical basis of biomechanjcs for the improvement of UAEF and for early exercises of fracture patients,such as extend-bending of the joint,raising the limb and walking with a walking stick.  相似文献   

8.
Objective To understand the role of genetic factors in the occurrence of esophageal cancer (EC).Methods A genetic epidemiological survey of 132 039 subjects, one-tenth of the whole population of Yangquan city, Shanxi Province in Northern China, was conducted in 1994.A total of 228 families with at least one newly occurring EC patient in each family were matched with equal number of control families for a 1∶1 case-control study.Results The heritability of esophageal cancer among first degree relatives was 52.6%, that among second degree relatives was 31.2%, and the weighted average heritability was 49.2%.The segregation ratio was 0.176±0.033, significantly less than 0.25, suggesting a multifactorial inheritance or decreased penetrance of a major locus.EC patients in families did not fit the binominal distribution, suggesting evidently familial aggregation.The relative risks among the first degree relatives were 10.49 for males, 7.69 for females, and 9.17 for combined data.The attributive risks among first degree relatives were 62.13/100 000 for males, 99.94/100 000 for females and 75.15/100 000 for combined data.All of these figures were higher than 40.17/100 000, the average of general population of the city.Conclusion Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in this area.  相似文献   

9.
Objective NaFeEDTA was considered as a promising iron fortificant for controlling iron deficiency anemia. Soy sauce is a suitable food carrier for iron fortification and is a popular condiment in China. Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were observed and compared in adult female subjects. Methods The stable isotope tracer method was used in Chinese females consuming a typical Chinese diet. Ten healthy young Chinese women were selected as subjects in the 15-day study. A plant-based diet was used based on the dietary pattern of adult women in the 1992 National Nutrition Survey. Six milligram of 54Fe in 54FeSO4 soy sauce and 3 mg 58Fe in Na58FeEDTA soy sauce were given to the same subjects in two days. Food samples and fecal samples were collected and analyzed. Results Iron absorption rates of NaFeEDTA and FeSO4 were 10.51%±2.83 and 4.73%±2.15 respectively. The 58Fe(NaFeEDTA) absorption was significantly higher than that of 54Fe(FeSO4)(P<0.01). The iron absorption rate from NaFeEDTA was 1.2 times higher than that from FeSO4 in Chinese adult women consuming a typical Chinese diet. Conclusion The higher absorption rate of NaFeEDTA suggested that NaFeEDTA would be a better iron fortificant used in soy sauce for the controlling of iron deficiency anemia in China.  相似文献   

10.
Objective To investigate the effect of salt intake on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in salt-sensitive (SS) subjects. Methods Twenty-three normotensive subjects and forty-three patients with essential hypertension were included in this study.Salt sensitivity was determined with a chronic dietary salt loading test and an acute venous saline loading test, respectively.24-hour ABP measurements were performed twice in normotensive subjects when they were on a high salt diet and when they had a low salt diet.Blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin Ⅱ, aldosterone, erythrocyte sodium content and urinary sodium excretion.24-hour ABP readings were also obtained in patients with essential hypertension when antihypertensive drugs were discontinued for at least 2 weeks. Results High salt intake attenuated the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS normotensive subjects, and the nocturnal decline in blood pressure was smaller in SS patients with essential hypertension than in salt-resistant (SR) patients.The level of PNE was higher and the suppression of PRA was smaller in SS subjects than in SR subjects when they had a high salt diet, and the urinary sodium excretion decreased and the erythrocyte sodium content increased significantly in SS subjects on high salt intake. Conclusions High salt intake caused an abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS subjects.The blunted nocturnal decline in blood pressure may be a characteristics of SS patients with essential hypertension.  相似文献   

11.
正常人全身骨量及人体组成变化(附292例DXA测量分析)   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
目的了解正常人全身骨量及人体组成变化,分析软组织成分与骨量的关系。方法选择292例正常人作为受检者,其中男性140人,女性152人;年龄10~79岁。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量全身骨矿含量(bonemineralcontent,BMC)、骨密度(bonemineraldensity,BMD)、肌组织(lean)和脂肪组织(fat)。按10岁为1个年龄组对各组数据进行统计分析。结果男性BMC、BMD、lean、fat峰值分别出现在30~39岁、20~39岁、30~39岁、70~79岁年龄组;女性则分别出现在30~39岁、30~39岁、30~49岁、50~69岁年龄组。男性BMC、BMD、lean峰值高于女性,但BMD差异无显著性(P>0.05)。女性fat峰值高于男性。女性BMC、BMD峰值后下降幅度较男性显著,男性lean峰值后下降幅度较女性显著。男性骨量与lean和体重(weight)呈高、中度相关(P<0.01),女性骨量除与lean、weight呈高、中度相关外(P<0.01),fat与BMC的相关系数r值较男性稍高。结论提供了正常人各年龄组全身骨量及人体组成的正常数据和变化特点,初步探讨了骨量与软组织成分之间的关系。  相似文献   

12.
目的探讨新疆维吾尔族和汉族高尿酸血症与血压的相关性。方法对新入院就诊的维吾尔族和汉族患者分别进行血尿酸的检测和血压的测量,计量资料用x-±s表示,采用t检验;计数资料用百分比表示,采用2χ检验。结果汉族的高尿酸血症组与对照组相比较,不论男性或女性,他们血压水平的差异都具有统计学意义(P<0.05),均为高尿酸血症组高于对照组,同时两组高血压1期的检出率亦有统计学差异(P<0.05),均为高尿酸血症组高于对照组;维吾尔族女性血压水平两组间比较的结果同汉族人群,而男性两组间的比较只有舒张压水平有统计学差异(P<0.05);男性和女性不同高血压类型的检出率无明显的差异。结论高尿酸血症患者高血压的患病率较非高尿酸患者高,临床上应重视纠正高尿酸血症,以预防心脑血管事件的发生。  相似文献   

13.
 目的探讨性别、体质量指数(BMI)对中年人群血钾与血压关系的影响。方法将2011~2012年中年体检者1019例按性别及BMI分为:男性BMI<24组,男性BMI≥24组,女性BMI<24组,女性BMI≥24组。分析以上各组血钾与血压的相关性。结果男性BMI≥24组血钾与收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)均明显相关(P<0.05),男性BMI<24组及女性2组血钾与血压(SBP及DBP)均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论中年人群中高BMI男性血压与血钾关系密切。  相似文献   

14.
292例正常人全身骨量变化的双能X线吸收法测量分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的了解正常人全身骨量变化。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪测量292例正常人,其中女性152人,男性140人;年龄10~79岁,每10岁为一组进行统计分析。结果男性全身骨量、骨密度、腰椎正位骨密度峰值分别位于30~39、20~39和20~29少年龄组,女性峰值均位于30~39岁年龄组。男性各组峰值均大于女性,女性骨丢失多于男性。男性在70~79岁年龄组骨量有上升趋势。腰椎正位骨密度下降较全身明显。结论全身骨密度测量可反映正常人年龄性骨质丢失情况。  相似文献   

15.
目的:了解糖尿病患者和正常人群足底压力峰值、分布情况及其主要因素。方法:采用足底压力测量仪检测218例糖尿病患者和102例健康正常人以正常步态行走时的动态足底压力,每个受试者均检测5次后取平均值。将足底分为10个不同区域,计算平均足底最大峰值压力(MPP)和足底各区域MPP的分布情况。结果:正常人群和糖尿病患者足底MPP分别为(402±129)kPa和(417±113)kPa,在调整了年龄、性别、BMI等协变量的影响后,两组间的差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。糖尿病组第1跖骨、第5跖骨区压力高于正常人群。多元线性回归分析结果显示,其中合并周围神经病变和胼胝2个因素进入回归方程,这2个因素可解释足底压力总变异量的38.2%。结论:糖尿病患者和正常人群之间MPP无差别,但压力分布不同。合并周围神经病变和胼胝的形成可显著影响糖尿病患者足底压力。  相似文献   

16.
The dynamic effects of 5 degrees varus and valgus rearfoot wedging on peak hallux dorsiflexion were investigated in 30 asymptomatic subjects (5 males and 25 females). Statistically significant reductions in peak hallux dorsiflexion were found with rearfoot varus wedging and rearfoot valgus wedging. Furthermore, the reduction in peak hallux dorsiflexion occurring with rearfoot varus wedging was statistically significant compared with that associated with rearfoot valgus wedging. These findings have implications for the orthotic management of a variety of lower-limb pathologies.  相似文献   

17.
男性与女性职业人群睡眠障碍流行病学调查的对照研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
男、女性职业人群睡眠障碍流行学调查对照研究结果显示:女性的发生率高于男性;年龄、职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、住房条件是男、女性睡眠障碍发生的共有相关因素;经济状况是男性,家庭关系、性格特点是女佐各自特有的相关因素;在睡眠障碍者中,“多梦”、“睡惊”等症状女性出现频度多于男性,“睡行症”仅出现于男性,女性曾求诊治疗者多于男性;社会功能受损程度女性重于男性。  相似文献   

18.
目的:分析重性抑郁障碍患者(Major depressive disorder,MDD)血浆兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质天冬氨酸( Aspartic acid,Asp)和抑制性神经递质甘氨酸(Glycine,Gly),以及氨基酸天冬酰胺( Asparagine,Asn)水平的变化.方法:收集15例首发重性抑郁障碍患者(男9例,女6例,年龄32~ 64岁)和14例健康对照者(男7例,女7例,年龄30~ 65岁)的血浆,其中7例MDD患者(男5例,女2例)在抗抑郁治疗两月后的随访中再次留取血浆.采用高效液相色谱—荧光法测定血浆中Asp、Gly、Asn含量.结果:(1)MDD患者血浆Asp、Gly水平均显著低于健康对照组(p≤0.033),Asn水平和健康对照组相比无显著差异(P =0.208).(2)在健康对照组,血浆Gly与Asp、Asn水平分别呈现显著正相关(P≤0.004).在MDD患者,血浆Gly水平与Asp水平的相关性消失 (P=0.538),而Gly水平和Asn水平保持相关性(p<0.001).(3)抗抑郁治疗两个月后MDD患者临床症状显著改善,血浆Asp、Gly、Asn水平和治疗前相比无显著差异(P≥0.306),氨基酸水平之间的相关性也无改变.结论:血浆Asp和Gly水平降低可能是MDD的一个特征性生物学指标.  相似文献   

19.
目的:了解长沙市体检人群中正常高值血压者合并慢性肾疾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的现状及相关危险因素。方法: 采用方便抽样,对2011年3-5月在长沙市某大型综合医院健康管理中心参加健康体检的企事业单位在职员工11 274人进行包括问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测在内的现状调查。将体检人群分为4组:正常血压组、正常高值血压组、未确诊高血压组和高血压组。比较各组指标之间的特点;采用多因素logistic回归分析相关危险因素对正常高值血压者合并CKD的影响。结果:正常血压组、正常高值血压组、未确诊高血压组及确诊高血压组CKD的患病率分别为3.31%,6.60%,11.78%和17.35%,男性的患病率明显高于女性(P<0.01);校正年龄、肥胖、糖代谢异常、高脂血症、高尿酸血症等因素后,男性正常高值血压增加CKD患病风险(OR,1.30;95% CI,1.03~1.63;P<0.05)。高尿酸血症是男性正常高值血压者合并CKD的独立危险因素(OR,2.25;95% CI,1.59~3.19;P<0.05)。 结论:长沙市体检人群中正常高值血压者合并CKD患病率为6.60%;男性正常高值血压明显增加CKD患病风险,高尿酸血症是其独立危险因素。  相似文献   

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