阿尔兹海默病氢质子磁共振波谱变化及意义

目的观察1.5T氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)检测阿尔兹海默(Alzheimer,s disease,AD)患者的代谢变化及其临床意义。方法对45名临床确诊轻度AD患者(AD组)和45名健康人(对照组)颞叶海马区进行H-MRS分析,得到N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)峰、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)峰及肌醇(myo-Inositol,mI)峰的积分值及计算出NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和mI/Cr,并将二组数据进行对比。结果 AD组患者颞叶海马区的NAA/Cr值为1.311±0.121、Cho/Cr值为0.852±0.184、MI/Cr值为0.791±0.101,NAA/Cr、mI/Cr与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001),Cho/Cr与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.178)。结论 H-MRS检测颞叶海马区mI/Cr比值升高及NAA/Cr比值降低有助于AD的早期诊断。     

Alzheimer病1H磁共振波谱成像

目的研究Alzheimer病(AD)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的氢质子磁共振波谱的改变,并与认知正常的老年志愿者(NC)进行比较.方法对AD组15例、MCI组20例及NC组20例患者行磁共振波谱成像,测定双侧海马、双侧颞顶叶联合区的NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,mI/Cr.结果AD、MCI及NC 3组间海马的NAA/Cr有显著性差异(P＜0.05),AD-NC、AD-MCI组间颞顶联合区NAA/Cr有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论磁共振波谱分析可发现AD、MCI患者海马及颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr,mI/Cr改变.     

阿尔茨海默病患者神经心理学改变与氢质子磁共振波谱相关性研究

目的 分析不同痴呆程度阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者神经心理学改变与氢质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）之间的相关性.方法 按AD诊断标准、临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）纳入AD患者30例,分为轻度痴呆组、中度痴呆组、重度痴呆组,每组10例.对每例AD患者进行简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）、社会功能活动量表（FAQ）、WAIS数字广度测验（DST）评定.采用1H-MRS分析技术测定双侧海马区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）/肌酸（Cr）比值和胆碱（Cho）/肌酸（Cr）比值.结果 3组之间NAA/Cr比值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,随着痴呆程度加重,NAA/Cr比值逐渐减低.轻度痴呆组、重度痴呆组左侧海马区NAA /Cr比值与MMSE评分及DST评分呈显著正相关（r1=0.716、r2=0.640、r3=0.717、r4=0.766,P〈0.05）;中度痴呆组右侧海马区NAA /Cr比值与MMSE评分呈显著正相关（r=0.831,P〈0.05）;3组双侧海马区Cho /Cr比值与各量表评分均无明显相关性.结论 AD患者随着病情加重海马区代谢物NAA /Cr比值逐渐减低;海马区代谢物NAA /Cr比值变化可作为AD早期诊断、病情评估及病程监测的生物学指标.     

MRS和MRI在颞叶癫痫诊断中的比较

目的研究氢质子磁共振波谱成像（^1H-MRS）在海马硬化早期诊断中的应用价值。方法颞叶癫痫42例行^1H-MRS检查，同期行头颅MRI常规检查，观察NAA、Cr、Cho的波峰特点，对NAAA/（Cr＋Cho）、NAA／Cr和NAA／Cho进行计算分析。分别进行海马硬化组与非海马硬化组之间病灶侧、相对侧的对比研究，以及两组的病灶侧与正常对照组相比较，研究两者之间有无统计学差异。结果在海马硬化组与非海马硬化组病灶侧的比较中，NAA／（cr＋Cho）及NAA／cr之间均有显著统计学意义，而NAA／Cho的比较未见差异；海马硬化组的病灶侧与正常对照组NAA／（Cr＋Cho）及NAA／cr之间的差异有显著统计学意义；非海马硬化组病灶侧、相对侧与正常对照组之间均无统计学差异。结论MRS可以在轻度海马硬化或伴有海马胶质细胞增生时进行早期诊断，提高了海马硬化诊断的敏感性．     

帕金森病痴呆患者神经心理学改变与氢质子磁共振波谱的相关性研究

目的分析帕金森病痴呆（PDD）患者神经心理学改变与氢质子磁共振波谱（1H—MRS）之间的相关性。方法选择PDD患者20例作为PDD组,对照组20例为正常认知的健康老年人。对每例研究对象进行简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、社会功能活动量表（FAQ）、WAIS数字广度测验（DST）评定,同时1H—MRS技术测定患者双侧海马区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）／肌酸（cr）值、胆碱（Cho）／肌酸（cr）值。结果PDD组与对照组比较,MMSE、FAQ、DST评分的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;PDD组较对照组NAA／Cr值减低,2组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PDD组左侧海马区NAA／Cr值与MMSE评分及DST评分存在显著正相关（P〈0．05）,而Cho／Cr值与各量表评分均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论海马区代谢物NAA／Cr值的变化可作为PDD早期诊断的生物学指标。     

氢质子磁共振波谱分析对脑卒中后血管性痴呆患者的诊断价值

目的 利用氢质子磁共振波谱分析（1H-MRS）技术研究脑卒中后血管性痴呆（VD）患者颞叶海马区细胞代谢水平及其用于临床诊断的价值.方法 对年龄相匹配的脑卒中后VD患者18例、脑卒中非VD患者13例及来源于门诊就诊者14例正常对照组,行双侧颞叶海马区1H-MRS检测,3组患者双侧颞叶海马区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸盐（NAA）/肌酸（Cr）比值、胆碱复合物（Cho）/Cr比值.结果 脑卒中后VD组患者NAA/C比值较正常对照组及脑卒中非VD组均下降（P＜0.05 或0.01）;而Cho/Cr比值较正常对照组明显升高（P＜0.05 ）,较脑卒中非VD组左侧升高（P＜0.05）,但右侧的差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）.脑卒中非VD组NAA/Cr比值及Cho/Cr比值较正常对照组虽有变化,但差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）.脑卒中后VD组MMSE评分与双侧颞叶海马区NAA/Cr及Cho/Cr比值有相关性（P＜0.05）,且MMSE分数越低,NAA/Cr比值越低,而Cho/Cr比值越高.结论 利用1H-MRS技术研究脑卒中后VD患者双侧颞叶海马区细胞代谢水平,有助于早期发现脑卒中后VD.     

1H—MRS在鼻咽癌放疗后颞叶脑损伤中的应用研究

目的探讨氢质子磁共振波谱技术（1H—MRS）对鼻咽癌（NPC）放射性脑损伤的诊断价值,分析颞叶脑组织代谢物的变化规律。方法采用1H—MRS检测正常健康组与NPC放疗后颞叶损伤组的大脑颞叶部内的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、肌酸（Cr）、胆碱（Cho）的含量及相互间比值。正常健康组为10名脑部无任何病变者,NPC放疗后颞叶损伤组为28例脑颞叶部出现明显病变的患者,使用Philips Achieva超导型磁共振成像仪,选择点分析波谱（PRESS）序列采集,获得正常健康组、放疗后颞叶损伤组的脑颞叶内的波谱图像。测量NAA、Cr、Cho、NAAZCr、Cho／Cr、NAA／Cho值,并进行统计学分析。结果放疗后颞叶损伤组的NAA、Cr、Cho、NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr、NAA／Cho分另4为0．21±0．08、0．27±0．23、0．51±0．11、0．78±3．14、1．92±0．22和0．40±0．10,NAA、NAA／Cr、NAA／Cho值比正常健康组要低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Cho、Cho／Cr明显上升,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论1H—MRs检查对评估NPC放射性脑损伤具有一定的价值。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者的磁共振波谱分析

目的应用磁共振波谱（MRS）分析技术,探讨脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者前额、颞叶、基底节区的MRS的变化特征。方法将48例PSD患者组、27例卒中后无抑郁组（no-PSD组）和15例正常对照组（NC）予以MRS检查,分析其变化特点,并进行对比。结果MRS检查显示：PSD组双侧额叶、基底节区ROI的NAA/Cr比值低于no-PSD、NC组;Cho/Cr的比值高于no-PSD、NC组（P〈0.05）,PSD组双侧颞叶ROI的比值低于NC组,Cho/Cr的比值高于no-PSD、NC组（P〈0.05）,而双侧颞叶ROI的NAA/Cr比值与no-PSD组比较差异无统计学意义;PSD组、no-PSD组的NAA/Cr比值左侧较右侧高（P〉0.05）,Cho/Cr比值的无明显差异。结论额叶、颞叶、基底节区等部位的脑血管病导致的神经化学的改变可能构成神经生物学基础,也说明了额叶、颞叶、基底节区在抑郁症的发病机制中的重要作用。     

阿尔茨海默病患者静息态功能磁共振研究

目的：研究AD（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）的静息态功能磁共振影像学表现,揭示其影像学早期变化。方法采用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对17例AD病人及17例对照组（normal cognition, NC）进行静息态功能磁共振检查。对原始数据进行预处理,获取局域一致性（Regional Homogeneity,ReHo）图,将两组结果图进行组内单样本t检验和组间独立样本t检验,得到两组间差异脑区。结果 AD组与对照组相比,右侧小脑后叶、右侧颞下回、左侧楔状叶、右侧丘脑、右侧中央后回、右侧额下回、右侧顶叶、左侧尾状核及左侧额中回ReHo值升高,右侧额中回、右侧内侧颞叶、左侧壳核、右侧额上回、右侧后扣带回、右侧顶下小叶、左侧颞中回、左侧额下回及左侧前扣带回ReHo值减低。结论阿尔茨海默病患者与正常老龄化组相比,在静息状态下存在着局部脑区功能上的异常,揭示其改变对该病的早期诊断有重要意义。     

颞叶癫痫海马硬化定侧的质子磁共振波谱研究

目的：分析颞叶癫痫病例的海马磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）成像、海马体积测量与脑电图间的关系,探讨1H-MRS在颞叶癫痫海马硬化定侧中的应用价值。方法收集非病灶性颞叶癫痫患者57例和相匹配的正常健康人20例,测定双侧海马体积及海马1H-MRS的NAA/（Cr＋Cho）值。根据发作间歇期癫痫性放电（IEDs）优势对病例进行定侧,探讨1H-MRS对颞叶癫痫海马硬化定侧的应用价值。结果根据IEDs能够提供定侧信息的有41例（71．9％）,其中左侧颞叶癫痫组（L-TLE）24例,右侧颞叶癫痫组（R-TLE）17例,双侧颞叶癫痫组（B-TLE）16例。海马测量分析结果如下：（1）癫痫组中有56例（98．2％）双侧海马NAA/（Cr＋Cho）值均低于对照组。病灶侧海马NAA/（Cr＋Cho）值小于对侧海马（P均＜0．001）。（2）海马体积测量发现海马萎缩的有28例（49．1％）,其中4例双侧海马萎缩;而海马1H-MRS异常56例（98．2％）。两种检查手段的阳性检出率差别有统计学意义（P＜0．001）。（3）根据海马体积提供定位价值的有28例（49．1％）,其中15例与IEDs定位符合（符合率53．6％）;1H-MRS结果（双侧差值＞0．04）提供定位价值的有41例（71．9％）,其中32例与IEDs定位符合（符合率78．0％）,比海马体积符合率高（P＜0．05）。结论（1）颞叶癫痫伴有较为普遍的双侧生化物质的改变,表现为NAA/（Cr＋Cho）值下降。（2）海马1H-MRS显示的生化改变对于颞叶癫痫的异常发现较海马体积测量更为敏感。（3）海马1H-MRS有较高的定侧能力。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.