卵泡抑素样蛋白1促进肺动脉内皮细胞增生、黏附与血管生成

目的 探究卵泡抑素样蛋白1（follistatin-like 1,FSTL1）对人肺动脉内皮细胞（human pulmonary artery endothelial cells,HPAECs）的影响,完善FSTL1在肺动脉高压（pulmonary hypertension,PH）中的作用。方法 以人肺动脉内皮细胞为对象,使用qRT-PCR和Western blotting法测定低氧刺激下HPAECs中FSTL1的表达水平。通过给予外源性FSTL1蛋白或小干扰RNA,MTT法观察FSTL1对细胞增生活性的影响。分别借助纤连蛋白、Matrigel基质胶观察FSTL1对内皮细胞黏附与血管形成能力的影响。结果 低氧刺激HPAECs 12 h和24 h后,FSTL1的mRNA及蛋白质的表达量均提高（P<0.01）。常氧下外源给予FSTL1,250 μg/L、500 μg/L组的细胞增生活性与对照组相比明显增高（P<0.01）;低氧条件下siRNA干扰组HPAECs增生活性与对照组相比明显降低（P<0.001）。常氧下外源给予250 μg/L的FSTL1刺激24 h后HPAECs黏附数量增多（P<0.001）,生成血管总长度及新生血管数目均增加（P<0.001）。结论 FSTL1促进HPAECs增生、黏附与血管生成。     

基因沉默SIRT7抑制缺氧诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及迁移

目的 研究沉默信息调节因子2相关酶类7(silent information regulator 2 related enzyme 7,SIRT7)对低氧诱导的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞(human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, HPASMCs)增殖和迁移的调控作用，并探讨可能的分子作用机制。方法 体外培养HPASMCs建立低氧模型。通过慢病毒介导的短发卡RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)干扰技术沉默SIRT7在HPASMCs中的表达。实验分为4组：常氧对照组、低氧组、低氧+LV-sh-Ctrl组和低氧+LV-sh-SIRT7组。低氧+LV-sh-Ctrl组HPASMCs感染对照重组腺病毒LV-sh-Ctrl,然后进行低氧处理。低氧+LV-sh-SIRT7组HPASMCs感染表达SIRT7 shRNA的重组腺病毒LV-sh-SIRT7,然后进行低氧处理。采用实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)检测SIRT7的mRNA表达水平。采用Western blotting检测SIRT7、...     

人脐动脉内皮细胞-平滑肌细胞共培养模型的建立及鉴定

 目的 建立人脐动脉内皮细胞-平滑肌细胞共培养模型,以体外模拟人动脉壁,为动脉粥样硬化及炎症等疾病的发病机制和治疗研究打下基础。方法 采用胶原酶灌注消化法从人脐动脉中原代培养获得人脐动脉内皮细胞（human umbilical artery endothelial cell,HUAEC）,采用组织块贴块法从人脐动脉中原代培养获得人脐动脉平滑肌细胞（human umbilical artery smooth muscle cell,HUASMC）。用含有抗坏血酸（≥50 μg/mL）的培养基孵育平滑肌细胞,使之合成并分泌胶原蛋白,形成内皮细胞的生长基质;然后将内皮细胞以饱和密度接种到平滑肌细胞上,使内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞直接接触并整合形成内皮细胞-平滑肌细胞共培养（EC-SMC co-culture）模型。分别用免疫荧光染色和Dil-Ac-LDL吞噬实验对共培养模型进行形态学和功能学的鉴定。结果 形态学鉴定结果显示,两种细胞已成功整合,模拟出体内动脉壁的形态。Dil-Ac-LDL吞噬实验的结果显示共培养模型的内皮细胞中有荧光信号,并且共培养模型中内皮细胞Dil-Ac-LDL的内吞量显著高于单纯内皮细胞（EC monoculture or EC monolayer）,证明共培养模型中内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞已建立联系。结论 本实验成功建立人脐动脉内皮细胞-平滑肌细胞共培养模型,可在体外更好地模拟人动脉壁形态和基本功能。     

活性氧介导脂多糖联合三磷酸腺苷诱导的人肺动脉内皮细胞炎症小体活化

目的:探讨脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)联合三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)对人肺动脉内皮细胞(human pulmonary artery endothelial cells,HPAECs)NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3 (Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3,NLRP3)炎症小体活化的影响及其相关机制?方法:LPS联合或不联合ATP建立HAPECs炎症损伤模型;CCK-8法测定细胞活力;ELISA法检测细胞上清白细胞介素 (interleukin,IL)-1β及IL-18含量;Western blot法评价半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(caspase-1)?p-p38及p-p65水平;DCFH-DA荧光探针法观察细胞内外活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)变化;Annexin V/PI标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡?结果:LPS单独作用对细胞活力无显著影响,联合ATP后细胞活力显著下降,细胞上清IL-1β及IL-18含量增加,caspase-1?p-p38及p-p65表达水平上调,细胞内外ROS升高,细胞凋亡率升高;ROS清除剂乙酰半胱氨酸可抑制上述效应?结论:LPS联合ATP激活 HPAECs内NLRP3炎症小体?介导细胞凋亡与ROS水平升高密切相关?     

内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞在微孔聚碳酸酯膜上共培养模型方法

目的 探讨主动脉内皮细胞（EC）和平滑肌细胞（SMC）共培养模型，为下一步研究两之间的电生理活动提供基础。方法 采用微孔聚碳酸酯膜（polycarbonate filter membrane）作为载体，将EC和SMC接种于微孔膜的两侧，建立EC和SMC联合培养模型，模拟血管壁EC和SMC间的结构关系，采用倒置显微镜和透射电镜进行观察。结果 共培养的EC和SMC组织结构关系类似于体内，EC呈单层生长，而SMC呈多层生长，同类和异类细胞间都有缝隙连接形成，缝隙连接的形成与培养的时间有关，在SMC接种后24h，EC可以通过微孔与SMC形成缝隙连接。结论 此种EC和SMC共培养模型模拟了在体时EC和SMC之间的结构关系，可以用来研究两种细胞间的相互影响。     

低氧通过Ca~(2+)-NFAT信号通路促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生

目的通过观察低氧对肺动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响及作用机制,探讨低氧在肺动脉高压发病过程中的作用,为肺动脉高压的进一步干预治疗提供可靠的理论依据。方法培养人肺动脉平滑肌细胞(human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell,HPASMCs)并分为以下几组:正常对照组、低氧组(24h、48h、72h)、低氧并处理组(低氧48h并在细胞外液中加入EDTA2mmol/L或VIVIT4μmol/L)。分别应用细胞计数法检测细胞的增生情况、荧光钙成像法测定细胞内游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)、激光共聚焦显微镜观察活化T细胞核因子c3(nuclear factor of activated Tcells,NFATc3)在细胞核内外分布的变化。结果低氧呈时间依赖性促进HPASMCs增生;低氧处理的细胞静息[Ca2+]i和库容性钙内流(capacitative calcium entry,CCE)显著升高,NFATc3的核转位增多。EDTA(Ca2+螯合剂)或VIVIT(NFAT特异性抑制剂)能够明显抑制低氧诱导的细胞增生现象。结论低氧能促进HPASMCs的增生,其机制可能是通过增加静息[Ca2+]i和库容性钙内流,使HPASMCs内的Ca2+异常升高并导致NFATc3转位至核内,进而促进与增生有关的基因的表达。     

Ripasudil对PDGF-BB诱导的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的：研究ripasudil对血小板源性生长因子（platelet-derived growth factor,PDGF）-BB诱导人肺动脉平滑肌细胞（human pulmonary arterial smooth cells,HPASMCs）增殖和迁移的影响及其相关机制。方法：培养HPASMCs,随机分为control组、PDGF-BB组、PDGF+ripasudil组、ripasudil组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力;EdU掺入法检测HPASMCs增殖;Transwell实验检测HPASMCs迁移;Real Time PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP）-2 mRNA表达;Western blot检测MMP-2蛋白表达以及肌球蛋白磷酸酶目标亚基1（myosin phosphatase target subunit 1,MYPT1）、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2（extracellar regulated protein kinases 1/2,ERK1/2）、p38激酶和蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,PKB/Akt）的磷酸化。结果：与control组相比,ripasudil能显著抑制PDGF诱导HPASMCs增殖及迁移（P＜0.01）,降低MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）,下调MYPT1、ERK1/2、p38及Akt的磷酸化（P＜0.05）。结论：Ripasudil抑制PDGF-BB诱导的HPASMCs增殖和迁移,可能与下调MYPT1、ERK1/2、p38及Akt的磷酸化有关。Rho激酶抑制剂ripasudil可能是治疗肺动脉高压的潜在药物。     

DNase 2α在缺氧诱导大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用及机制研究

目的 探讨DNase 2α在缺氧诱导大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,RPASMCs)增殖中的作用及机制.方法 培养原代RPASMCs,采用3％O2缺氧处理细胞构建缺氧诱导细胞增殖模型.采用小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA s...     

Ripasudil对PDGF⁃BB诱导人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的：研究Rho激酶抑制剂ripasudil对血小板源性生长因子（platelet?derived growth factor,PDGF）?BB诱导人肺动脉平滑肌细胞（human pulmonary arterial smooth cells,HPASMCs）增殖和迁移的影响及其相关机制。方法：培养HPASMCs,随机分为control组、PDGF?BB组、PDGF?BB+ripasudil组、ripasudil组。采用CCK?8法检测细胞活力;EdU掺入法检测HPASMCs增殖;Transwell实验检测HPASMCs迁移;Real?time PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP）?2 mRNA表达;Western blot检测MMP?2蛋白表达以及肌球蛋白磷酸酶目标亚基1（myosin phosphatase target subunit 1,MYPT1）、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2（extracellar regulated protein kinases 1/2,ERK1/2）、p38激酶和蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,PKB/Akt）的磷酸化。结果：与control组相比,ripasudil能显著抑制PDGF?BB诱导HPASMCs增殖及迁移（P＜0.01）,降低MMP?2 mRNA及蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）,下调MYPT1、ERK1/2、p38及Akt的磷酸化（P＜0.05）。结论：Ripasudil抑制PDGF?BB诱导的HPASMCs增殖和迁移,可能与下调MYPT1、ERK1/2、p38及Akt的磷酸化有关。Ripasudil可能是治疗肺动脉高压的潜在药物。     

肿瘤血管内皮细胞的体外模拟培养

目的 探讨一种肿瘤血管内皮细胞(TECs)体外模拟培养模型,为后续实验做准备.方法 利用半透膜孔径为1.0 μm的间接共培养双层培养皿建立肿瘤细胞株A549、内皮细胞(HUVECs)体外共培养模型,模拟TECs体内生长环境,对共培养细胞的形态、生长特性、增殖力及染色体核型、端粒酶活性等遗传特性进行初步分析.结果 在共培养条件下,共培养A549-HUVECs细胞呈游走迁徙状态,细胞能量代谢旺盛,细胞通透性增加,细胞增殖能力持续增加,处于自稳态调节紊乱所导致细胞增殖与凋亡的平衡失调的状态,细胞染色体核型表现为亚三倍体,端粒酶活性增高,发生表型转化,从而表现为类似癌前病变的病理特征.结论 处于体外模拟共培养模型中的A549-HUVECs细胞所发生的特征性变化,类似于体内肿瘤组织中血管内皮细胞的状态,为我们所需要的TECs,说明肿瘤血管内皮细胞的体外模拟培养方法是可行的.     

Effects of 3, 4-Dihydroxyacetophenone on Cytosolic Calcium in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells during Acute Hypoxia

Summary: The effects of 3, 4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3. 4-DHAP) on cytosolic free calcium[Ca^2 ], in pulmonary artery endothelia (PAECs) and smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) during acute hypoxia were studied. Porcine pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells (PASMCs)were cultured primarily, and they were divided into 4 groups: groups incubated under normoxia or hypoxia and those with or without treatment with 3. 4-DHAP. The [Ca^2 ]i of both PAECs and PASMCs was measured by determining the fluorescence of fura 2 AM on spetrofluorometer. Our results showed that hypoxia caused significant elevation of [Ca^2 ]i. in both PAECs and PASMCs,3, 4-DHAP could attenuate the hypoxic elevation of [Ca^2 ]i only in PASMCs but not in PAECs. It is concluded that 3, 4-DHAP decreases the hypoxic elevation of [Ca^2 ]i in PASMCs. This might contribute to its inhibitory effect on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.     

Effects of the Medium Conditioned by Endothelial Cells under Hypoxic Condition on the Phenotype of Porcine Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells

ProfessorNormalpulmonaryvesselwallcellsarerelativelyquiescent,andinthe'which,thePASMCsareinthecontractilephenotype['].Chronichypoxicassaysho.wedthatPASMCscanmodulatephenotypesrangingfromthecontractileonetothesyntheticone,andthenproliferateandsynthesizeincreasedamountofextracellularmatrix.IthasbeenknownthatthephenotypemodulationisaprerequisitefortheproliferationofSMCslz].ThepurposeofthisexperimentistoinvestigatewhetherhypoxiahasanyeffectsonphenotypeofPASMCs.1MATERIALSANDMETHODS1'…     

Focal adhesion kinase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and promote human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells apoptosis

Background Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation plays an important role in pulmonary vessel structural remodelling. At present, the mechanisms related to proliferation of PASMCs are not clear. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a widely expressed nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase. Recent research indicates that FAK is implicated in signalling pathways which regulate cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, migration, survival and proliferation of cells. Furthermore, there are no reports about the role of FAK in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). We investigated whether FAK takes part in the intracellular signalling pathway involved in HPASMCs proliferation and apoptosis, by using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to selectively suppress the expression of FAK protein. Methods Cultured HPASMCs stimulated by fibronectin (4μg/ml) were passively transfected with ODNs, sense FAK, mismatch sense and antisense-FAK respectively. Expression of FAK, Jun NH2-temlinal kinase (JNK), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK 2) and caspase-3 proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blots. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. In addition, cytoplasmic FAK expression was detected by immunocytochemical staining. Results When compared with mismatch sense group, the protein expressions of FAK, JNK and CDK 2 in HPASMCs decreased in antisense-FAK ODNs group and increased in sense-FAK ODNs group significantly. Caspase-3 expression upregulated in HPASMCs when treated with antisense ODNs and downregulated when treated with sense ODNs. When compared with mismatch sense ODNs group, the proportion of cells at G1 phase decreased significantly in sense ODNs group, while the proportion of cells at S phase increased significantly. In contrast, compared with mismatch sense ODNs group, the proportion of cells at G1 phase was increased significantly in antisense-FAK ODNs group. The level of cell apoptosis in antisense-FAK group was higher than in the mismatch sense group and the latter was higher than sense-FAK group. In addition, the sense-FAK ODNs group was strongly stained by immunocytochemistry, whereas the antisense-FAK ODNs group was weakly stained. Conclusions The results suggest that FAK relates to the proliferation of HPASMCs Antisense-FAK ODNs inhibit HPASMCs proliferation and facilitate their apoptosis. It is possible that FAK via JNK, CDK 2 signalling pathways enhances HPASMCs proliferation and via caspase-3 inhibits HPASMCs apoptosis.     

1 -磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶在低氧人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖中的表达

目的探讨1-磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3'-kinase,PI3K)在低氧引起的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用.方法采用细胞培养方法,免疫印迹技术,流式细胞仪方法测定了在低氧情况下PI3K的表达及其细胞周期的变化.结果低氧情况下细胞中P13K的表达增加,细胞呈现增殖性变化.结论P13K在低氧情况下参与了人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,具有重要的病理生理学意义.     

西地那非抑制低氧对人肺动脉平滑肌细胞电压依赖性钾通道的下调作用

目的探讨西地那非对低氧下调人肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)电压依赖性钾通道(voltage-dependent potassium channels,Kv)的干预作用。方法应用膜片钳技术记录PASMCs K+电流;观察低氧刺激前后钾离子(K+)电流的变化以及西地那非(sildenafil)的干预作用;通过特异性Kv1.5抗体透析,分析西地那非作用于人PASMCs Kv分子靶点即通道亚单位;运用Real-time PCR及Western blotting技术检测低氧刺激前后及西地那非对人PASMCs上的Kv1.5通道基因转录水平和蛋白表达水平的影响。结果低氧明显抑制了人PASMCs细胞膜上的全细胞K+电流;而西地那非则可以对抗低氧对全细胞K+电流的抑制作用;而且西地那非对低氧下人PASMCs Kv的调控作用靶点主要是Kv1.5;同时西地那非部分恢复了低氧抑制的细胞上的Kv1.5 mRNA和蛋白表达。结论西地那非能够抑制低氧对人肺动脉平滑肌细胞电压依赖性钾通道功能与表达的下调作用。     

肺动脉高压患者Ⅱ型骨形成蛋白受体基因启动子-142G>A突变的研究

目的 探讨Ⅱ型骨形成蛋白受体(BMPR2)基因启动子突变与肺动脉高压发病的关系.方法 对1例家族性肺动脉高压(FPAH)、19例特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)患者和50名健康成人进行BMPR2基因启动子区转录起始点上游-2022 bp的DNA序列测定.分别将突变型和野生型BMPR2基因启动子区片段插入pGL3-basic双荧光素酶报告基因载体中,获得pGL3-BMPR2启动子-突变型重组质粒和pGL3-BMPR2启动子-野生型重组质粒.以2种重组质粒分别转染人肺动脉平滑肌细胞(HPASMC)和人肺动脉内皮细胞(HPAEC),用Veritas微孔板发光检测仪检测突变型和野生型BMPR2基因启动子区片段在2种细胞中的转录调控活性(结果以萤火虫荧光素酶/海肾荧光素酶活性比值表示).应用MAPPER软件分析突变型和野生型BMPR2基因启动子区转录因子结合位点.结果 在1例36岁女性FPAH患者的BMPR2基因启动子区发现杂合子突变-142G>A.突变型BMPR2基因启动子片段在HPASMC和HPAEC中的转录活性(分别为9.58±3.85、59.07±25.54)均明显低于野生型(分别为16.80±3.55、115.58±38.02,均P<0.05),而且缺失转录因子Sp3结合位点.结论 BMPR2基因启动子-142G>A突变可能与FPAH发病有关.     

缺氧对培养的肺动脉内皮细胞血管紧张素转换酶释放的影响

肺血管局部的肾素血管紧张素系统在缺氧性肺动脉高太的发生中所起的作用尚不清楚，为此，动态观察了缺氧对培养的新小牛肺人皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）的血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性的影响，结果发现：培养的ＰＡＥＣ在２．５％Ｏ２缺氧１．５ｈ末，培养液ＡＥＣ活性明显增高（与常氧组及０％，Ｏ２组相比Ｐ〈０．００１），随缺氧时间延长３ｈ～１２ｈ，ＡＣＥ活性与１．５ｈ相比有所降低，但仍高于常氧组（Ｐ〈０．０５），２４和４８     

内皮素-1刺激原代培养的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞核酸及胶原合成

目的 :研究内皮素 1 (ET 1 )对培养的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞DNA及胶原合成的影响。方法 :应用贴块法培养人胎儿肺动脉平滑肌细胞 ,3 H TdR和 3 H 脯氨酸 (3 H pro)掺入法测定细胞DNA和胶原合成量。结果 :与对照组相比 ,1 0 7,1 0 8,1 0 9mol/LET 1培养 72h后 ,细胞DNA和胶原合成的量明显增加。结论 :ET 1能够刺激人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖 ,并使胶原合成增加     

Effect of hypoxia on release of vasoactive substances from cultured pulmonary arterial and aortic endothelial cells

Summary The effect of hypoxia on the production and release of vasoactive substances from endothelial cells of pulmonary artery (PAECs) and aorta (AECs) was studied. The results indicated that the overall effect of tne long half-life vasoactive substances released from PAECs and AECs was vasoconstrictive. The long half-life lipid-soluble substances produced by PAECs and AECs were vasodilative, and did not change in hypoxia. However, the long half-life water-soluble heat-unstable and heat-stable ones were vasoconstrictive. Hypoxia could reduce the release of the former and promote that of the latter which might be peptides. The PAECs could release specific long half-life mediator which was pulmonary artery-constrictive, water-soluble, heat-unstable, and not related to hypoxia. Hypoxia inhibited the production of PGI₂, a short half-life vasodilator, in PAECs, but not in AECs.