基于不同气化剂的BGL炉煤气化的模拟和优化

煤气化工艺作为煤制天然气的重要环节,是实现煤炭资源清洁利用的关键。基于化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立BGL （British Gas Lurgi）炉煤气化工艺,以合成气有效成分、制气效率及水蒸气分解率为评价指标,考察常规气化技术中气化剂操作参数对工艺的耦合作用,得出最优气化剂组成及预热温度;同时,为解决煤气化过程中CO₂排放量大及氢碳比较低的问题,分别引入CO₂、CH₄对气化剂进行改进,进一步优化气化剂组成。结果表明：在常规气化技术中,m_O2/m_Coal=0.33、m_H2O/m_Coal=0.14为最优气化剂组成,220℃为最优气化剂预热温度;在改进气化技术中,m_CO2/m_H2O=0.18,m_CH4/m_H2O=0.08为最优气化剂组成。     

喷雾燃烧法制备Pt/TixCe(1-x)O2纳米颗粒及其CO催化氧化性能

采用喷雾燃烧法,以钛酸四异丙酯、2-乙基己酸铈和氯铂酸为前驱体,丙酸为溶剂,制备Pt/Ti_xCe_（1-x）O₂系列纳米复合颗粒。系统研究了催化剂助剂CeO₂添加量对产物的粒径、晶型、表面氧空位和CO催化氧化活性的影响规律,探讨了喷雾燃烧过程中纳米颗粒的生长机理。结果表明：Ce离子能够进入TiO₂晶格,并促进TiO₂由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;富集存在的CeO₂会沿着TiO₂金红石晶面外延生长为月牙岛状。Ce³⁺能够增加颗粒表面的氧空位,提升载体活性氧参与CO氧化反应的可能性。Pt/Ti_0.9Ce_0.1O₂表现出最高的CO催化氧化活性,在70℃时CO转化率达到100%。     

TiO2/β-Zn4Sb3复合热电材料的制备及性能

采用真空熔融缓冷方法合成了单相β-Zn₄Sb₃化合物,并通过水解钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)制备了TiO₂/β-Zn₄Sb₃复合材料。采用放电等离子(SPS)烧结获得了致密的块材样品。研究了TiO₂质量分数对复合材料热电性能的影响规律。结果发现,随着TiO₂质量分数的增加,材料的Seebeck系数升高,电导率和热导率均显著下降,计算得出热电优值（Z_T）在638 K时达0.68,比单相Zn₄Sb₃的Z_T值提高了19%。     

Fe2O3着色对牙科纳米氧化锆机械性能及透明度影响的研究

目的 观察Fe₂O₃通过气氛着色法对氧化锆的着色效果、力学性能和透明度的影响。方法 含不同比例Fe₂O₃的氧化锆粉末,对预烧结的牙科用氧化锆瓷块进行包埋后烧结至1450℃。采用分光光度计测量瓷块颜色及透明度,万能测力仪测试力学性能。结果 随着Fe₂O₃在包埋粉中的比例增加,烧结后的氧化锆瓷块的色泽出现淡黄至黄褐色转变。色度值L^*为64.91~90.94,a^*值范围为-1.27~12.70,b^*值范围为1.02~38.66,基本覆盖天然牙的牙色范围。瓷块的透明值范围为14.23~10.15。着色前后瓷块的3点抗弯强度无显著改变（P>0.05）。结论 采用Fe₂O₃的气氛着色法,对牙科氧化锆瓷块的机械性能及透明度无显著影响,具临床应用前景。     

姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的制备及表征

目的：制备姜黄素（Cur）固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）。方法：用薄膜超声法制备Cur-SLN,以m_cur︰m_{单硬脂酸甘油酯}、m_{单硬脂酸甘油酯}︰m_卵磷脂、聚山梨酯-80质量浓度、超声时间为考察因素,以包封率为指标,用正交试验优选处方,并考察其粒径分布、Zeta电位。结果：当m_cur︰m_{单硬脂酸甘油酯}=1︰3、m_{单硬脂酸甘油酯}︰m_卵磷脂=1︰2.5、聚山梨酯-80质量浓度2.5%、超声时间12 min时,所制得的Cur-SLN平均粒径为（145.6±5）nm,Zeta电位为（－31.9±1.5）mV,包封率为（97.42±0.39）%,载药量为(7.92 ± 0.05)%。结论：采用薄膜-超声法制备Cur-SLN可行,为开发姜黄素新型给药系统提供试验依据。     

一种祖母绿充填用无铅低熔点氟磷酸盐玻璃的性能研究

设计并制备了一种可替代有机充填材料填补祖母绿裂隙的xNaF-7LiF-9BaF₂-7CaF₂-7B₂O₃-（70-x）P₂O₅（x分别为50、45、40、35、30）氟磷酸盐系列玻璃。探讨P₂O₅与NaF物质的量的相对变化对玻璃折射率、密度、转变温度、软化温度、化学稳定性的规律性影响,结果表明本系列玻璃耐酸耐碱性能优异,当x=30时,玻璃具有最低软化温度353℃,折射率、密度均符合祖母绿充填要求,该无铅低熔点玻璃可作为祖母绿充填处理材质。     

柠檬酸改性壳聚糖水凝胶的制备与性能

采用多元有机酸柠檬酸（CA）对壳聚糖（CS）进行改性,并通过冷冻-凝胶处理形成CS-CA水凝胶来提高CS的湿态力学性能。采用红外吸收光谱分析CA改性CS的作用机理,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、孔隙率、吸水动力学及拉/压力学性能测试优化CA的添加量（m（CA）∶m（CS-CA））和CS与CA在乙醇水溶液中的质量分数（w（CS-CA））。结果表明：CA主要是通过其结构中含有的羧酸位点与质子化CS的NH₃⁺形成稳定的离子键进行物理交联;冷冻-凝胶处理可得到孔隙互相连通的多孔结构CS-CA水凝胶;当m（CA）∶m（CS-CA）=0.3、w（CS-CA）=3%时可获得性能最优的CS-CA水凝胶。     

中空纤维膜反应器结合芬顿试剂脱除燃煤烟气中的Hg0

将中空纤维膜反应器和芬顿试剂结合脱除烟气中的Hg⁰。研究了不同参数以及SO₂、NO和O₂等杂质气体对Hg⁰脱除的影响。结果表明：随着H₂O₂浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、溶液初始pH和温度的增加,Hg⁰脱除率先增加后降低,其最佳工作条件是H₂O₂浓度为6 mmol/L,Fe²⁺浓度为9 mmol/L,溶液初始pH为2.5,温度为20℃;增大液气比和通过减小气相流量增大停留时间均对Hg⁰脱除有增强作用,当液气比超过0.11时,Hg⁰的脱除率不再增加;当气相流量为0.6 L/min时,Hg⁰脱除率超过85%;SO₂、NO对Hg⁰的脱除有抑制作用,O₂对Hg⁰的脱除几乎没有影响;还测定出温度20℃下中空纤维膜反应器的比相界面积a=270.29 m^-1和传质动力学参数k_L=8.13×10^-4 m/s,k_G=0.786×10^-6 mol/（m²·s·Pa）。     

TiO2/TiSi2复合材料的制备及其可见光光催化性能

分别以TiSi₂和HCl为钛源和形貌控制剂,采用一步水热法合成了海胆状TiO₂/TiSi₂纳米复合材料。TiO₂/TiSi₂是由TiSi₂基体与生长在TiSi₂表面的海胆状金红石型TiO₂组成,其中,金红石型TiO₂由大量尺寸均匀、表面光洁、沿[001]晶向生长的纳米棒组成。随着盐酸浓度的增加,TiO₂纳米棒会由棒状转变为锥状。性能测试发现,相比于纯相的金红石型TiO₂,TiO₂/TiSi₂复合材料在可见光区域具备较好的光吸收性能和较高的光催化降解甲基橙效率。     

线性-树枝状两亲聚合物及其胶束的制备和聚集行为

以聚乙二醇单甲醚（mPEG）为原料,制备大分子引发剂mPEG-G_n-OH_2ⁿ（n=1,2,3,4）,以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂,引发L-丙交酯开环聚合,通过控制丙交酯和大分子引发剂的投料比,合成1~4代线性-树枝状两亲聚合物。基于聚合物自组装特性,通过透析法制备聚合物胶束,采用核磁氢谱、渗透凝胶色谱对聚合物结构进行表征,使用动态激光光散射技术、电子扫描显微镜和透射电镜对其聚集体进行观测。研究表明,胶束流体力学直径主要受代数影响,并随PEG链段增加而增大,胶束粒径为200~300 nm。胶束形状反映聚合物分子中亲水、亲油比,当聚合物分子中亲水链段EO体积分数φ_EO<0.35时,线性-树枝状两亲聚合物才能形成空心胶束。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.