两种水迷宫实验对拟痴呆模型动物学习记忆功能测试的比较

目的采用两种水迷宫实验对拟痴呆动物学习记忆功能进行比较.方法将小鼠、大鼠各分为:正常对照组、模型组及给药组.用通道式及Morris水迷宫对两种动物模型分别进行测试.结果两组动物模型与给药组比较,在通道式水迷宫中游出时间均无明显差异(P>0.05),在Morris水迷宫测试中,两种动物模型[小鼠(99.319±38.10)s;大鼠(74.34±41.64)s]与双方特定的给药组[匹拉西坦组(63.58±48.26)s;多奈哌齐组(36.85±36.59)s]比较均出现显著差异(P＜0.05). 结论通道式水迷宫和Morris水迷宫测试方法均能反映动物学习和记忆功能,而后者对于动物来讲学习过程较为简单,能够敏感地反映出动物的学习记忆功能.两种水迷宫最好结合使用,以得到客观的结果.     

两种水迷宫在测试拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆能力中的比较

目的采用两种水迷宫对拟阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆功能进行比较。方法将小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组及给药组。用Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪分别测试各组小鼠的学习记忆能力。结果在Morris水迷宫测试中,模型组与对照组,给药组与模型组比较,逃避潜伏期均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,在MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试中,模型组与对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0.05）,而给药组与模型组比较,游出水迷路的时间均有所减少,但没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论Morris水迷宫和MS-2水迷宫自动控制仪测试方法均能反映动物学习和记忆功能,而前者能更敏感地反映出动物的学习记忆能力。因此,Morris水迷宫应为实验首选,当然在实验需要时,两种水迷宫最好结合使用,以得到客观的结果。     

不同鼠种在Morris水迷宫学习记忆行为中的种属差异

目的研究三种鼠在Morris水迷宫中空间学习与记忆能力的种间差异.方法选成年SD大鼠、C57/BL小鼠和昆明种小鼠,以相同实验条件进行5d的Morris水迷宫学习与记忆测试,包括前4d的隐藏平台获得实验和第5天的空间搜索实验.结果三组动物寻找隐藏平台的逃避潜伏期均迅速下降,第2天C57/BL小鼠和SD大鼠的逃避潜伏期(25.19±4.09)s和(27.87±5.09)s明显低于昆明种小鼠(42.76±4.70)s,第3天C57/BL小鼠(16.62±3.46)s仍显著低于与昆明种小鼠(34.69±3.07)s.目标象限游泳时间C57/BL小鼠(26.94±6.53)s明显长于SD大鼠和昆明种小鼠(19.98±5.27)s和(17.53±7.29)s;游泳路径的区域百分比分布显示,C57/BL和昆明种小鼠在中心区最多,而SD大鼠在20%边缘区最多.结论三种大小鼠采取不同的空间搜索策略;C57/BL小鼠是一稳定的、适于水迷宫实验的良好鼠种.     

不同鼠种在Morris水迷宫学习记忆行为中的种属差异

目的研究三种鼠在Morris水迷宫中空间学习与记忆能力的种间差异。方法选成年SD大鼠、C57/BL小鼠和昆明种小鼠,以相同实验条件进行5d的Morris水迷宫学习与记忆测试,包括前4d的隐藏平台获得实验和第5天的空间搜索实验。结果 三组动物寻找隐藏平台的逃避潜伏期均迅速下降,第2天C57/BL小鼠和SD大鼠的逃避潜伏期(25.19±4.09)s和(27.87±5.09)s明显低于昆明种小鼠(42.76±4.70)s,第3天C57/BL小鼠(16.62±3.46)s仍显著低于与昆明种小鼠(34.69±3.07)s。目标象限游泳时间C57/BL小鼠(26.94±6.53)s明显长于SD大鼠和昆明种小鼠(19.98±5.27)s和(17.53±7.29)s;游泳路径的区域百分比分布显示,C57/BL和昆明种小鼠在中心区最多,而SD大鼠在20％边缘区最多。结论 三种大小鼠采取不同的空间搜索策略;C57/BL小鼠是一稳定的、适于水迷宫实验的良好鼠种。     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D 半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力 ,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性。方法C5 7BL/ 6小鼠 ,随机分成正常对照组、D 半乳糖低剂量组 (5 0mg/kg ,sc)、D 半乳糖高剂量组 (10 0mg/kg ,sc) ,连续造模 8周。以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力。结果在物体识别测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数 (15 .71± 3 .94)较对照组 (4 5 .89± 7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,低剂量分辨指数(2 4.69± 6.2 5 )与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。在Morris水迷宫测试中 ,D 半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论D 半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍 ,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍。     

夏天无总生物碱对东茛菪碱及D-半乳糖所致大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

目的　研究夏天无总生物碱对东莨菪碱及 D-半乳糖致学习记忆障碍大鼠行为学的影响。方法　大鼠连续ig夏天无总生物碱 15 d后 ,对东莨菪碱造成记忆获得障碍大鼠进行“Y”型电迷宫和 Morris水迷宫行为学检测 ;D-半乳糖 sc 6周、夏天无总生物碱给药 5周后进行“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测。结果　在“Y”型电迷宫行为学检测中 ,夏天无总生物碱用药组〔0 .5～ 4mg/ ( kg· d)〕大鼠学习记忆成绩较模型组均有显著的提高 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;Morris水迷宫行为学检测中 ,夏天无总生物碱用药组〔0 .2 5～ 1.0 mg/ ( kg· d)〕大鼠对撤去平台的记忆成绩较模型组大鼠有显著的提高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　夏天无总生物碱对东莨菪碱及 D-半乳糖造成的两种学习记忆获得障碍大鼠的学习记忆能力均有明显的改善作用。     

D-半乳糖致脑老化小鼠的物体识别能力障碍研究

目的应用物体识别方法研究D-半乳糖长期注射致脑老化小鼠模型的学习记忆能力,并比较物体识别方法与Morris水迷宫方法对该模型测试的灵敏性.方法 C57BL/6小鼠,随机分成正常对照组、D-半乳糖低剂量组(50mg/kg,sc)、D-半乳糖高剂量组(100mg/kg,sc),连续造模8周.以物体识别方法和Morris水迷宫方法测试各组动物的学习记忆能力.结果在物体识别测试中, D-半乳糖高剂量组分辨指数(15.71±3.94)较对照组(45.89±7.41)减低具有非常显著性意义 (P<0.001),低剂量分辨指数(24.69±6.25)与对照组的差异也存在显著性意义(P<0.05).在Morris水迷宫测试中,D-半乳糖高剂量组动物逃逸潜伏期比对照组延长有显著性意义(P<0.01);高剂量组在目标象限空间探索所停留时间与游泳距离比均较正常对照组减少有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 D-半乳糖可导致小鼠出现显著的物体识别能力障碍,用物体识别测试方法比Morris水迷宫方法更灵敏地反映该模型小鼠的学习记忆障碍.     

急性甲醇中毒大鼠空间学习记忆功能改变的研究

目的 探讨大鼠急性高剂量和低剂量甲醇中毒后空间学习记忆功能的改变.方法 复制急性高剂量和低剂量甲醇中毒大鼠各10只,并设生理盐水对照组(n=10),给予各组大鼠灌胃相应剂量甲醇溶液或生理盐水,并吸入等比(1∶1)混合气体(N20/02);应用Morris水迷宫评价急性甲醇中毒大鼠的空间学习记忆功能.结果 Morris水迷宫结果显示:与生理盐水对照组(60.43±7.13)s相比,低剂量组(89.55±7.98)s和高剂量组(98.77±5.64)s在Morris水迷宫水下隐匿平台实验第1天的逃避潜伏期显著延长(P＜0.05);第2～5天高剂量组逃避潜伏期较低剂量组和生理盐水对照组明显延长(P＜0.05);3组在第6～7天的水上可见平台实验中的逃避潜伏期时间和无平台探测实验中第Ⅲ象限的停留时间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 急性甲醇中毒大鼠有空间学习记忆功能障碍,程度与甲醇中毒剂量有关.     

吗啡成瘾对大鼠及小鼠学习与记忆能力影响的实验研究

目的 研究吗啡成瘾对大鼠及小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响。方法 将２４只ＳＤ大鼠昆明小鼠分别随机分成３组;即吗啡成瘾组、吗啡成瘾后戒断组和对照组。然后分组对动物进行Ｍorris水迷宫训练。结果（1）在Morris水迷宫掩蔽平台次训练中,吗啡成瘾组动物（大鼠和小鼠）的逃避潜伏期对与对照组及吗啡戒断组动物相比,均明显延长（P＜0．01）;（2）对照组动物的逃避潜伏期最短;（3）在Morris水迷宫可见平台学习中,无论是大鼠还是小鼠,三组动物逃避潜伏期均随着学习训练逐渐缩短,无明显组间差别（P＞0．05）。结论 吗啡成瘾可明显损害动物的学习记忆能力。     

慢性低剂量梭曼染毒对大鼠学习记忆及脑组织胆碱酯酶活力的影响

目的研究慢性低剂量梭曼 (soman)染毒对大鼠学习记忆及脑组织胆碱酯酶 (AChE)活力的影响。方法以皮下注射梭曼 (2 40 μg·kg 1,s .c ,sig× 14d)为染毒模型 ,采用Morris水迷宫试验进行行为检测 ,比色法测海马和前额叶皮层胆碱酯酶活力。结果Morris水迷宫试验中 ,10 μg/kg组和 40 μg/kg梭曼给药组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长 ,撤除平台后跨越原平台位置次数 (7.2± 1.48,6.0± 0 .0 0 )减少 ,在原平台象限游泳时间百分率 (4 7.82 % ,45 .83 % )明显下降 ;梭曼给药组大鼠海马和前额叶皮层胆碱酯酶活力均明显低于生理盐水对照组 ,且呈剂量依赖性。结论慢性低剂量梭曼染毒致学习记忆障碍 ,可能与乙酰胆碱过度堆积引起中枢毒蕈碱样胆碱能受体 (M受体 )下调有关     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…